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Journal of Clinical Periodontology May 2004Though dental calculus is generally recognised as comprising mineralised bacteria, areas of non-mineralised bacteria may be present.
INTRODUCTION
Though dental calculus is generally recognised as comprising mineralised bacteria, areas of non-mineralised bacteria may be present.
AIM
To investigate the ultrastructure of non-decalcified young and mature supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus, and the possible presence of internal viable bacteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Supragingival calculus was harvested from five patients, 9-10 weeks after scaling and root debridement. Five samples of mature supragingival and subgingival calculus were taken from patients presenting with adult periodontitis. Specimens were fixed and embedded for transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS
The ultrastructure of young and mature supragingival calculus was similar with various large and small crystal types. Non-mineralised channels were observed extending into the calculus, often joining extensive lacunae, both containing intact non-mineralised coccoid and rod-shaped microorganisms. Subgingival calculus possessed more uniform mineralisation without non-mineralised channels and lacunae.
CONCLUSION
Supragingival calculus contains non-mineralised areas which contain bacteria and other debris. The viability of the bacteria, and their identification could not be determined in this preliminary investigation. As viable bacteria within these lacunae may provide a source of re-infection, further work needs to be done to identify the bacteria in the lacunae, and to determine their viability.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Crystallography; Dental Calculus; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Dental Scaling; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Periodontitis; Root Planing
PubMed: 15086618
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00484.x -
Caries Research 2005The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of the antibacterial substance nitric oxide (NO) with dental caries in vivo. Salivary and dental plaque NO...
The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of the antibacterial substance nitric oxide (NO) with dental caries in vivo. Salivary and dental plaque NO concentrations were analyzed by the Griess method in 11 subjects with high DMFT index and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), 11 with low DMFT and OHI-S. Subjects with high DMFT and OHI-S had significantly higher NO concentrations in saliva (71.5 microM) and plaque (83.5 microM) than those with low DMFT and OHI-S (33.2 and 61.1 microM in saliva and plaque, respectively). Plaque NO concentrations were significantly higher than in saliva in both groups. NO production might be a host defense mechanism when dental caries increases or oral hygiene deteriorates.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; DMF Index; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Male; Nitric Oxide; Oral Hygiene; Oral Hygiene Index; Saliva
PubMed: 15741725
DOI: 10.1159/000083158 -
Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift Aug 1984
Review
Topics: Aggressive Periodontitis; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Pocket
PubMed: 6386436
DOI: No ID Found -
Archivos de Odonto Estomatologia Dec 1987
Review
Topics: Dental Deposits; Dental Prophylaxis; Dental Scaling; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Root
PubMed: 3136747
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Da Associacao Paulista de... 1981
Review
Topics: Dental Deposits; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Disease; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; History, Modern 1601-; Irritants; Periodontal Diseases; Risk
PubMed: 7022576
DOI: No ID Found -
Caries Research 1977
Review
Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Bacteria; Calcium; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Fluorides; Hydroxyapatites; In Vitro Techniques; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Proteins
PubMed: 318572
DOI: 10.1159/000260303 -
Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1975
Review
Topics: Animals; Dental Deposits; Dental Devices, Home Care; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Orthodontics; Periodontal Diseases; Sepsis; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 1090738
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1975.tb00693.x -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Apr 1982The study population consisted of 1174 intermediate Saudi schoolchildren; 601 girls and 573 boys, aged 13, 14 and 15 years. periodontal disease was assessed by the...
The study population consisted of 1174 intermediate Saudi schoolchildren; 601 girls and 573 boys, aged 13, 14 and 15 years. periodontal disease was assessed by the method recommended by WHO and data were computerized by using IBM 3033, SAS package. Boys had significantly higher debris, calculus deposits and intense gingivitis counts than girls by sex and age. But for advanced periodontal involvement, the result shows no significant differences by sex and age. There was a position correlation between debris, calculus and periodontal diseases. There was a highly significant difference between girls and boys. The results of this study suggest the need for an oral health program for the entire community.
Topics: Adolescent; Dental Deposits; Female; Gingivitis; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research; Humans; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Saudi Arabia
PubMed: 6952979
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb00371.x -
The Probe Oct 1981
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Humans; Tooth; Tooth Abrasion
PubMed: 7036134
DOI: No ID Found -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2022To investigate the composition and abundance of candidate phyla radiation (CPR) in the oral cavity in caries patients and a healthy population.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the composition and abundance of candidate phyla radiation (CPR) in the oral cavity in caries patients and a healthy population.
METHODS
The raw macrogenomic sequencing data for a total of 88 subjects were downloaded from the National Centre for Biotechnology Sequence Read Archive (NCBI SRA) public database according to the public data usage specifications. Trimmomatic (Department for Metabolic Networks, Potsdam, Germany) and Bowtie 2 (University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA) were used to quality control and dehost the host sequences. Species annotation was made using Kraken2 (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA) and Bracken (Johns Hopkins University) based on the reference database. According to the results of the species annotation, the species-significant differences and species correlation of caries and healthy oral microbiota in species composition and microbiota diversity were analysed to study the distribution and abundance differences of CPR in the oral environment.
RESULTS
Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were the main components. The relative abundance of TM7 (Candidatus Saccharibacteria) and GN02 (Candidatus Gracilibacteria) of CPR is second only to the aforementioned five bacteria, indicating that CPR is an important part of the oral microbiota. TM7 and GN02 were common to both the caries patients and healthy patients and were detected in all samples, suggesting that CPR is the 'core microbiome'. There was a correlation between CPR and a variety of oral microbiota, among which the positive correlation with Capnocytophaga was the strongest, suggesting that Capnocytophaga might be the potential host bacteria of CPR.
CONCLUSION
CPR is an indispensable part of the oral microbiota. It is the 'core microflora' of the oral cavity and may play an important role in the stability and function of the oral microecological environment. Capnocytophaga may be the potential host bacteria of CPR.
Topics: Bacteria; Capnocytophaga; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth
PubMed: 35686590
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b3086339