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Operative Dentistry 2018Diagnosis of the extent of pit-and-fissure caries has been subjective and thus difficult to teach and categorize for treatment planning. This in vitro study compares...
Diagnosis of the extent of pit-and-fissure caries has been subjective and thus difficult to teach and categorize for treatment planning. This in vitro study compares occlusal caries diagnosis of extracted posterior teeth (n=49) using three-dimensional (3D) scanned images vs visual examination, according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The surfaces chosen for study represent all ICDAS classifications. Five experienced restorative faculty members examined scanned images for 60 seconds from a standardized series of views of each surface and scored them independently. One month later, the same teeth were examined visually by the same five raters with magnification and LED headlamps, with compressed air available. Intrarater and interrater agreement and validity were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The ICCs, ranging from 0.90 to 0.93, indicated excellent agreement between and within raters and between the raters and the gold standard ICDAS determination. This suggests that both photographs and 3D scans of pits and fissures are equally effective in diagnosing caries.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Fissures; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; In Vitro Techniques; Observer Variation
PubMed: 29676978
DOI: 10.2341/17-076-L -
Dental Update Sep 2002Air abrasion, a pseudo-mechanical, non-rotary method of cutting and removing dental hard tissue, was originally conceived in 1945. After promising early clinical... (Review)
Review
Air abrasion, a pseudo-mechanical, non-rotary method of cutting and removing dental hard tissue, was originally conceived in 1945. After promising early clinical developments, the advent of the air turbine handpiece and burs resulted in the loss of this early technology to mainstream dentistry. However, recent advances in adhesive dentistry have called for changes to concepts in cavity design and preparation, and air abrasion has once again come to the forefront of clinical operative dentistry. This review explains the mode of action of the current units and discusses some of the clinical uses of this technique as well as potential pitfalls.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Aerosols; Air Abrasion, Dental; Air Pollution, Indoor; Contraindications; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Fissures; Humans
PubMed: 12369307
DOI: 10.12968/denu.2002.29.7.340 -
The European Journal of Prosthodontics... Mar 1997In this in vitro study, 12 General Dental Practitioners and 13 Clinical Community Dental Officers examined the occlusal, buccal and palatal pits and fissures of 35... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In this in vitro study, 12 General Dental Practitioners and 13 Clinical Community Dental Officers examined the occlusal, buccal and palatal pits and fissures of 35 extracted molar teeth. They were asked to make a management/treatment decision, on the basis of their diagnosis of caries, whether each tooth should be left untreated, fissure sealed or investigated. After all the management/treatment decisions had been made, the teeth were serially sectioned perpendicular to the occlusal surface and examined for the presence of caries in dentine. It was impossible to demonstrate differences in the management/treatment decisions and the diagnosis of caries made by the two groups. No significant difference in sensitivity or specificity could be detected between operators diagnosing by visual inspection alone and those using visual inspection in combination with a tactile method. The use of radiographs did not significantly improve the validity of the diagnosis or management of fissure caries.
Topics: Community Dentistry; Decision Making; Dental Fissures; Diagnosis, Oral; General Practice, Dental; Humans; Patient Care Planning; Practice Patterns, Dentists'; Radiography, Dental; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 9594734
DOI: No ID Found -
Equine Veterinary Journal Nov 2018Fissures of the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth are commonly encountered during oral examination but their aetiology is unknown.
BACKGROUND
Fissures of the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth are commonly encountered during oral examination but their aetiology is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the prevalence and characteristics of occlusal fissures in cadaver teeth. It is hypothesised that their prevalence is influenced by masticatory forces. Consequently, their possible association with wear disorders and occlusal angles were examined.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey.
METHODS
The dental abnormalities and occlusal fissure findings in the cheek teeth of 143 cadaver heads were recorded. The cheek teeth occlusal angles were measured using the stiff-hinge technique. Multiple regression analyses were performed to establish possible relationships between age, sex, dental wear, occlusal angle and fissure prevalence.
RESULTS
Occlusal fissures were found in 103/143 (72%) heads. Sex and age were determining factors in the prevalence of fissures. A similar prevalence was found in mandibular (54.1%) and maxillary teeth (45.9%, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.95-1.29, P = 0.2). Mandibular fissures were more commonly located on the buccal aspect (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.16-1.65, P < 0.001), whereas for maxillary fissures there was no difference in prevalence between palatal and buccal aspects (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.97-1.46, P = 0.1). Two main fissure types were identified. Type 1a fissures were the most prevalent type (39.5%). No significant correlation was found between the presence of wear abnormalities or the occlusal angle of cheek teeth, and the prevalence of fissures.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
No dental histories were available.
CONCLUSION
Equine cheek teeth show a high prevalence of occlusal fissures. Despite some evidence of predilection sites on the tooth surface that might indicate a mechanical aetiology for these lesions, no associations were found with wear abnormalities or occlusal angles of affected cheek teeth. Further histological and ultrastructural studies are warranted to elucidate their aetiology and possible role in other dental diseases.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Cadaver; Dental Fissures; Dental Occlusion; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Malocclusion; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Tooth Wear
PubMed: 29509311
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12828 -
Journal of the American Dental... Dec 2000
Topics: Air Abrasion, Dental; Dental Caries; Dental Fissures; Enamel Microabrasion; Humans; Laser Therapy
PubMed: 11143729
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0104 -
Journal of Dentistry Jul 2000The purpose of this in-vitro study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of the diagnosis and treatment planned for occlusal surfaces prior to and following the...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this in-vitro study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of the diagnosis and treatment planned for occlusal surfaces prior to and following the placement of a clear sealant by a sample of general dental practitioners (GDPs).
METHODS
160 permanent posterior teeth were examined by 25 GDPs. The GDPs were not given any criteria and were therefore free to diagnose and plan care, as they felt appropriate. Each GDP conducted four examinations, two prior to and two after sealing. The teeth were serially sectioned to provide the validating criterion.
RESULTS
After sealant placement, there was a statistically significant increase in specificity and decrease in sensitivity of both diagnostic and treatment decisions. The reproducibility expressed by the kappa-statistic was of the order of 0.5 prior to and after sealing with regard to diagnostic decisions. There was a general tendency to diagnose less disease after placement of a sealant (P<0. 001). There was also significantly less care (preventive or restorative) planned after sealant placement (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The placement of a sealant resulted in the diagnosis of less disease and less restorative treatment. This may be appropriate as evidence exists to support the use of sealants as caries therapeutic agents.
Topics: Bicuspid; Child; Decision Making; Dental Fissures; Dental Restoration, Permanent; General Practice, Dental; Humans; Molar; Observer Variation; Patient Care Planning; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Practice Patterns, Dentists'; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 10785296
DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(00)00004-x -
International Journal of Paediatric... Nov 2017Fissure sealants prevent occlusal caries in permanent molars. Enamel preparation methods are used before fissure sealing.
BACKGROUND
Fissure sealants prevent occlusal caries in permanent molars. Enamel preparation methods are used before fissure sealing.
AIMS
To investigate effects of bioglass air-abrasion pre-treatment with and without an adhesive, on fissure enamel of permanent teeth, with respect to etchability, microleakage and microtensile bond strength.
DESIGN
Half of the occlusal surfaces of 50 extracted premolars underwent bioglass air-abrasion. Dye was applied to the entire occlusal surface. Photographs were taken to score etched surface by dye uptake. Adhesive was applied to 25 of the bioglass-treated areas and all teeth were fissure sealed, sectioned, and evaluated using confocal microscopy. Buccal and lingual surfaces of a further eight premolars were acid-etched and randomly received: air-abrasion, adhesive, both, or none before sealant application for microtensile bond strength measurement in half of the samples immediately and half following 6 months of water immersion.
RESULTS
Linear mixed models and multinomial logistic regression were used (P = 0.05). Bioglass air-abrasion significantly improved enamel etchability and reduced microleakage. The addition of an adhesive made no difference to either microleakage or microtensile bond strength. The combination of bioglass abrasion and adhesive led to more cohesive, rather than adhesive, failure.
CONCLUSIONS
Bioglass air-abrasion improved enamel etchability and reduced microleakage irrespective of the adhesive use but neither pre-treatment affected the microtensile bond strength.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Air Abrasion, Dental; Bicuspid; Dental Enamel; Dental Fissures; Dental Leakage; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Surface Properties
PubMed: 28188664
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12290 -
Journal of the American Dental... Jun 1995National Institute of Dental Research surveys indicate that the incidence of pit and fissure caries constitutes a higher proportion of the total caries incidence among... (Review)
Review
National Institute of Dental Research surveys indicate that the incidence of pit and fissure caries constitutes a higher proportion of the total caries incidence among U.S. teens and children than in the past. Air-abrasive technology may provide a more conservative alternative in the diagnosis and treatment of pit and fissure caries than traditional techniques using handpieces. The authors review characteristics of pit and fissure lesions and discuss methods for diagnosing and treating these lesions using air-abrasive technology.
Topics: Air Pressure; Aluminum Oxide; Child; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Fissures; Dental High-Speed Equipment; Dental High-Speed Technique; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans
PubMed: 7797732
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0271 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2019The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture behaviour of fissural dental enamel under simulated occlusal load in relation to various interacting factors...
The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture behaviour of fissural dental enamel under simulated occlusal load in relation to various interacting factors including fissure morphology, cuspal angle and the underlying material properties of enamel. Extended finite element method (XFEM) was adopted here to analyse the fracture load and crack length in tooth models with different cusp angles (ranging from 50° to 70° in 2.5° intervals), fissural morphologies (namely U shape, V shape, IK shape, I shape and Inverted-Y shape) and enamel material properties (constant versus graded). The analysis results showed that fissures with larger curved morphology, such as U shape and IK shape, exhibit higher resistance to fracture under simulated occlusal load irrespective of cusp angle and enamel properties. Increased cusp angle (i.e. lower cusp steepness), also significantly enhanced the fracture resistance of fissural enamel, particularly for the IK and Inverted-Y shape fissures. Overall, the outcomes of this study explain how the interplay of compositional and structural features of enamel in the fissural area contribute to the resistance of the human tooth against masticatory forces. These findings may provide significant indicators for clinicians and technicians in designing/fabricating extra-coronal dental restorations and correcting the cuspal inclinations and contacts during clinical occlusal adjustment.
Topics: Bite Force; Composite Resins; Computer Simulation; Dental Enamel; Dental Fissures; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Finite Element Analysis; Fracture Fixation; Humans; Molar; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties
PubMed: 30886223
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41304-z -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2013Salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) is said to play an important role in the immune response against dental caries. This study aimed to determine the salivary sIgA levels in...
BACKGROUND
Salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) is said to play an important role in the immune response against dental caries. This study aimed to determine the salivary sIgA levels in healthy smokers and non-smokers, and its correlation with dental caries.
METHODS
A total of 70 healthy subjects were selected and classified into four groups according to dental caries and tobacco smoking habits: smoking with caries (Group 1, n = 15); smoking without caries (Group 2, n = 15); non-smoking with caries (Group 3, n = 15); and non-smoking without caries (Group 4, n = 25). Salivary sIgA was measured using ELISA. The fissure and proximal caries were examined clinically and radiographically. Caries status was determined according to the decay surface index.
RESULTS
Smokers showed a higher number of caries and the lowest concentration of sIgA. The highest levels of sIgA were observed in non-smoking and caries-free subjects compared to caries-active smokers (123.2 ± 19.9 vs. 13.3 ± 4.1 μg/ml respectively, p < 0.001). Also, the mean level of sIgA in Group 4 was significantly higher than Group 3 (p = 0.009). More importantly, higher and significant levels of sIgA were found in Group 3 versus Group 1 (p < 0.0001) and Group 2 (p = 0.0004).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that low concentrations of salivary sIgA are correlated with a higher prevalence of dental caries in smokers.
Topics: Adult; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Fissures; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Saliva; Smoking; Young Adult
PubMed: 23713643
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12059