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Caries Research 1990Changes in sucrose-induced plaque pH profiles and the microbial composition of occlusal tooth surface fissures were analyzed using wire telemetry and bacterial culturing...
Changes in sucrose-induced plaque pH profiles and the microbial composition of occlusal tooth surface fissures were analyzed using wire telemetry and bacterial culturing techniques. Four human volunteers wore appliances containing artificial fissures constructed with ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) electrodes for 1, 2 and 4 days; 1 subject kept the electrode for 3 weeks. After monitoring the plaque pH response at the base of the fissure to a 10% (w/v) sucrose rinse the plaque was removed and analyzed for total viable bacteria, total and specific streptococci, lactobacilli and Actinomyces spp. One-day-old plaque showed a rapid drop in plaque pH to a minimum of 4.8 +/- 0.2, with 2-day-old plaque showing the most acidogenic pH profile (minimum pH 4.6 +/- 0.2). The 4-day-old plaque response was less acidogenic (minimum pH 5.0 +/- 0.3) than the results from days 1 and 2. Responses from 13- and 21-day-old fissure plaques showed greatly decreased acidogenic responses (day 21 minimum pH 5.7). Viable bacteria recovered from the fissure increased from approximately 4 x 10(6) colony-forming units on day 1 to 1.2 x 10(7) on days 2 and 4 and 1.7 x 10(7) on day 21. Streptococci (greater than 50%) and Actinomyces (greater than 10%) dominated in the fissure plaques and their levels were related to minimum pH. Since fissure plaque of all ages tested contained high concentrations of acidogenic bacteria, the decreased acidogenic response at the base of fissures with increasing plaque age suggests that maturing fissure plaques provide an increasingly greater diffusion barrier to fermentable carbohydrates.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Dental Fissures; Dental Plaque; Electrodes; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Male; Regression Analysis; Streptococcus; Sucrose; Telemetry; Time Factors
PubMed: 2293893
DOI: 10.1159/000261239 -
Quintessence International (Berlin,... Jun 1987
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adhesives; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Enamel; Dental Fissures; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Resin Cements
PubMed: 3299451
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1996This study assessed the development of caries in preschool children over two years according to baseline caries pattern.
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed the development of caries in preschool children over two years according to baseline caries pattern.
METHODS
Connecticut Head Start children (n = 142, mean age = 3.8 years) were examined for dental caries at baseline (spring 1991) and once annually for two years. Children were categorized at baseline as caries-free, having pit and fissure (PF) caries, or having maxillary anterior (MA) caries.
RESULTS
After two years, children who presented at baseline with MA or PF caries had a mean posterior dmfs of greater than seven and four times, respectively, that of children who were caries-free at baseline. When dental caries of the primary dentition was categorized by specific posterior patterns (i.e., posterior proximal [PP] and buccal/lingual [BL]), change in dmfs for the PP and BL patterns in the group that presented with pit/fissure caries at baseline were nearly four and three times greater, respectively, than for those in the caries-free group. The group that presented with maxillary anterior caries at baseline had PP and BL caries increments eight times those of children who began caries-free.
CONCLUSION
Dental caries presentation in 3- to 4-year-old children can identify those children and tooth surfaces that will be at the greatest risk for future caries development.
Topics: Bicuspid; Child, Preschool; Connecticut; Cuspid; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Fissures; Female; Humans; Incidence; Incisor; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Maxilla; Molar; Poverty; Risk Factors; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 8863291
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02401.x -
Clinical Oral Investigations Oct 2010The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the preventive need of pit and fissure sealants (PFS) in a German population with a relatively high caries risk. The...
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the preventive need of pit and fissure sealants (PFS) in a German population with a relatively high caries risk. The study involved 311 8- to 12-year-old children from the Ennepe-Ruhr District in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Caries experience was scored according to WHO (1997) and ICDAS II criteria. PFS were assessed as intact or partially lost. The mean DFS values amounted to 0.5 for occlusal fissures, 0.2 for palatal/buccal pits and 0.3 for the remaining teeth. Non-cavitated caries lesions were recorded in average on 1.8 occlusal fissures and 1.5 palatal/buccal pits. Sealants were registered on 1.4 occlusal fissures and 0.4 palatal/buccal pits. The descriptive data and the adjusted Poisson regression models revealed that children with at least one fissure sealant are less likely to have decayed fissures or fissures with non-cavitated lesions on their permanent molars. Therefore, PFS are needed and indicated in caries-risk children.
Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; DMF Index; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Fissures; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Germany; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Pit and Fissure Sealants; School Dentistry; Social Class; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 19798521
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0343-8 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2001The purpose of this study was to determine whether Cervitec--a chlorhexidine--containing varnish could reduce the development of pit and fissure caries in children. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether Cervitec--a chlorhexidine--containing varnish could reduce the development of pit and fissure caries in children.
METHODS
One hundred children each in age groups 7-8 and 12-14 years were selected from schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To be included in the study, each child had to have at least two sound contra-lateral first or second permanent molars with deep fissures. A split mouth method was used with one test tooth and one control within the same jaw. The left or the right side was selected randomly for test or control. The plaque samples from the occlusal surfaces of the test and control and the saliva samples were collected at baseline examination and after 9 months to estimate the number of Streptococcus mutans by the strip mutans method of Jensen and Bratthall (Jensen B, Bratthall D. A new method for the estimation of mutans streptococci in human saliva. Journal of Dental Research 1989;68:468-471). Cervitec varnish containing 1% chlorhexidine (CHx) and thymol was applied at baseline, at 3-4 months and at 6 months to the test tooth after isolation while the control had prophylaxis using cotton pellet in water each time the varnish was applied to the test tooth. Caries examination of the test and control followed after 9 months, according to the criteria and methods of WHO (World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys. Basic Methods 4th ed., Geneva, WHO 1997). The blind technique was used in the diagnosis of caries and in the examination of the S. mutans count at the end of the study.
RESULTS
Ninety four of the 7-8 year old and 86 of the 12-14 year old children completed the study. The results showed that the caries increment in both control groups of teeth after 9 months is significantly higher than in the test teeth (McNemar test: chi2 = 11.60, P < 0.001). The rate of caries development in a fissure was significantly correlated to the plaque mutans score of that fissure and there was considerable reduction in the S. mutans count of the plaque in the test teeth compared with the control (Spearman Rank Correlation: P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that the CHx varnish reduced the development of fissure caries significantly.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Chlorhexidine; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Fissures; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Saliva; Saudi Arabia; Single-Blind Method; Statistics, Nonparametric; Streptococcus mutans; Thymol; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 11525226
DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(00)00060-9 -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Jun 1996Recent studies have suggested that the identification of caries as discrete patterns may be valuable in describing and predicting caries experience on an individual...
Recent studies have suggested that the identification of caries as discrete patterns may be valuable in describing and predicting caries experience on an individual basis. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between levels of salivary mutans streptococci and the prevalence, incidence and distribution of caries patterns in the primary dentition. A cohort of pre-school children (n = 146, mean age 3.8 yr) were examined for dental caries and sampled for salivary mutans streptococci (SMS) at baseline and once annually for 2 yr. Children's tooth surfaces were categorized into four patterns: pit/fissure, maxillary anterior, posterior proximal, and buccal/lingual smooth surface. Salivary mutans streptococci were enumerated using a tongue blade technique, and were categorized as low (0 CFU), moderate (1-50 CFU) and high (> 50 CFU). At year 2, children with high baseline SMS had the 1) highest prevalence of caries (87%) and the highest dmfs (9.15); 2) highest prevalence of each pattern, and 3) greatest number of patterns. Among children with the pit/fissure pattern, those with high baseline SMS had the greatest pit/fissure dmfs after 2 yr. Results show that baseline SMS levels were associated with both cross-sectional and longitudinal caries experience, numbers of caries patterns, and the prevalence and severity of those patterns.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colony Count, Microbial; Cross-Sectional Studies; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Fissures; Forecasting; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 8871013
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00835.x -
The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry Apr 2011To evaluate the effect that fissure depth and enamel conditioning protocols have on penetration abilities of resin-based and glass-ionomer fissure sealants.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect that fissure depth and enamel conditioning protocols have on penetration abilities of resin-based and glass-ionomer fissure sealants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty extracted human molars were randomized into 10 experimental groups. Conditioning was performed as follows: groups I and VI, no pretreatment; groups II and VII, 10% polyacrylic acid and 37% phosphoric acid, respectively; groups III and VIII, self-etching adhesive; groups IV and IX, Er:YAG laser; groups V and X, Er:YAG laser/10% polyacrylic acid and laser/37% phosphoric acid, respectively. In groups I to V, teeth were sealed with a glass-ionomer material, and in groups VI to X a resin-based sealant was used. The sealed teeth were sectioned and the penetration ability was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS
Pretreatment with a suitable acid resulted in superior penetration of glass-ionomer and resin-based sealant when compared with other conditioning protocols (p < 0.0001), except for the teeth treated with both Er:YAG laser and acid. Both conditioning protocol and fissure depth significantly affected the sealant penetration (p < 0.0001), but fissure depth had a greater impact on fissure penetration than did conditioning protocol.
CONCLUSION
Resin-based and glass-ionomer sealing materials show similar potential for pit-and-fissure penetration. Penetration of a fissure sealant is largely influenced by the fissure depth. Regarding the conditioning protocol, a pretreatment with a suitable acid is essential to obtain an adequate penetration of a sealing material.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Permeability; Dental Etching; Dental Fissures; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Resin Cements; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surface Properties
PubMed: 21594230
DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a19006 -
The New York State Dental Journal 1992
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Caries; Dental Fissures; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants
PubMed: 1635723
DOI: No ID Found -
European Archives of Paediatric... Dec 2009This was to assess the effect of bevelling the margins of fissures on buccal surfaces in permanent molars on marginal microleakage of fissure sealants. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
This was to assess the effect of bevelling the margins of fissures on buccal surfaces in permanent molars on marginal microleakage of fissure sealants.
METHODS
The in vitro study was performed on buccal surfaces of 20 extracted permanent third molars, randomly divided into two groups of 10 teeth. Group I: performing enameloplasty (opening the fissures using fissurotomy bur), conditioning with phosphoric acid (37% phosphoric acid for 20 s), placing bonding (enamel bonding agent), and then fissure sealant. Group II: all stages were similar to group I, except for bevelling the margins of buccal fissures (0.5 mm bevel) after enameloplasty. Teeth were then thermocycled, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin, sectioned and examined for marginal microleakage. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
No dye penetration was seen in Group II (with bevel), but there was a 60% microleakage in Group I (without bevel) (p=0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
In permanent molar teeth, bevelling the margins of fissures on the buccal surfaces appears to reduce the marginal microleakage of fissure sealants.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Coloring Agents; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Dental Fissures; Dental Leakage; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans; Materials Testing; Molar, Third; Phosphoric Acids; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Rosaniline Dyes; Surface Properties; Temperature; Time Factors; Tooth Preparation
PubMed: 19995510
DOI: 10.1007/BF03262690 -
American Journal of Dentistry Apr 2008To investigate if tooth whitening had any effect on the shade of occlusal pit and fissure stains and whether reservoirs in bleaching trays affected bleaching of occlusal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
To investigate if tooth whitening had any effect on the shade of occlusal pit and fissure stains and whether reservoirs in bleaching trays affected bleaching of occlusal pit and fissure stains.
METHODS
96 extracted molars were randomly divided into three paired groups for whitening using a 10% carbamide peroxide solution (Opalescence) or a 22% carbamide peroxide solution (Nite White Excel 3), or tap water for a control. One of each pair utilized reservoirs in their custom bleaching trays. Three dentists evaluated the shade of a specified occlusal area of pit and fissure stain twice before bleaching and twice after bleaching.
RESULTS
Pit and fissure stain showed significant lightening of shade for either of the bleaching systems (P < 0.0005) but not the control (P = 0.816). There was no significant difference in pit and fissure stain shade lightening following treatment between those groups utilizing reservoirs in the custom trays and those without reservoirs (P = 0.658).
Topics: Carbamide Peroxide; Color; Dental Enamel; Dental Fissures; Drug Combinations; Equipment Design; Humans; Molar; Oxidants; Peroxides; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration; Urea
PubMed: 18578170
DOI: No ID Found