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Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods Jun 2019A wide range of compounds are utilized in dentistry such as dental composites, resins, and implants. The successful clinical use of dental materials relies on theirm... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
A wide range of compounds are utilized in dentistry such as dental composites, resins, and implants. The successful clinical use of dental materials relies on theirm physiochemical properties as well as biological and toxicological reliability. Different local and systemic toxicities of dental materials have been reported. Placement of these materials in oral cavity for a long time period might yield unwanted reactions. An extensive variety of materials is used in dentistry including filling materials, restorative materials, intracanal medicines, prosthetic materials, different types of implants, liners, and irrigants. The increasing rate in development of the novel materials with applications in the dental field has led to an increased consciousness of the biological risks and tempting restrictions of these materials. The biocompatibility of a biomaterial used for the replacement or filling of biological tissue such as teeth always had a high concern within the health care disciplines for patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Any material used in humans should be tested before clinical application. There are many tests evaluating biocompatibility of these materials at the point of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations.
RESULTS
The current review discusses the potential toxicity of dental material and screening of their biocompatibility.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
It is essential to use healthy and safe materials medical approaches. In dentistry, application of different materials in long-term oral usage demands low or nontoxic agents gains importance for both patients and the staff. Furthermore, screening tests should evaluate any potential toxicity before clinical application.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Dental Materials; Humans; Materials Testing
PubMed: 30642212
DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1566424 -
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2023There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based... (Review)
Review
There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based dental adhesive materials. Various attempts have been made to achieve versatility, introducing functional monomers and silanes into the materials' composition to enable the chemical reaction with tooth structure and restorative materials and a multimode use. The novel adhesive materials also tend to be simpler in terms of clinical use, requiring reduced number of steps, making them less technique sensitive. However, these materials must also be reliable and have a long-lasting bond with different substrates. In order to fulfill these arduous tasks, different chemical constituents and different techniques are continuously being developed and introduced into dental adhesive materials. This critical review aims to discuss the concepts behind novel monomers, bioactive molecules, and alternative techniques recently implemented in adhesive dentistry. Incorporating monomers that are more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and functional monomers that enhance the micromechanical retention and improve chemical interactions between adhesive resin materials and various substrates improved the performance of adhesive materials. The current trend is to blend bioactive molecules into adhesive materials to enhance the mechanical properties and prevent endogenous enzymatic degradation of the dental substrate, thus ensuring the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Moreover, alternative etching materials and techniques have been developed to address the drawbacks of phosphoric acid dentin etching. Altogether, we are witnessing a dynamic era in adhesive dentistry, with advancements aiming to bring us closer to simple and reliable bonding. However, simplification and novelty should not be achieved at the expense of material properties.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Materials; Materials Testing; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36694473
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145673 -
British Dental Journal May 2022Dental materials can cause reactions to the oral mucosa and present to the general dental practitioner. These are often referred to as 'allergies' but are frequently...
Dental materials can cause reactions to the oral mucosa and present to the general dental practitioner. These are often referred to as 'allergies' but are frequently lichenoid reactions. Most of these are related to dental amalgam restorations and can be remedied by replacing the restoration with another suitable material. Other metals, including gold, palladium, nickel and chrome, have also been reported to trigger mucosal changes. Less commonly, issues arise from other restorative materials, including denture acrylics, composites and glass polyalkenoates. Reactions are also reported due to endodontic and sealing materials. It is unclear what role skin 'patch' testing has in managing dental material allergies. This article aims to give the practitioner a clearer picture of dental material allergy issues and how they should be approached in primary dental practice.
Topics: Dental Amalgam; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentists; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Patch Tests; Professional Role
PubMed: 35562454
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4195-9 -
The British Journal of Dermatology May 2024
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Dental Materials; Patch Tests; Aged
PubMed: 38758061
DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae160 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research 2023
Topics: Prosthodontics; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Biomimetic Materials
PubMed: 37045755
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_23_00081 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Feb 2018To optimize the 3D printing of a dental material for provisional crown and bridge restorations using a low-cost stereolithography 3D printer; and compare its mechanical...
OBJECTIVES
To optimize the 3D printing of a dental material for provisional crown and bridge restorations using a low-cost stereolithography 3D printer; and compare its mechanical properties against conventionally cured provisional dental materials.
METHODS
Samples were 3D printed (25×2×2mm) using a commercial printable resin (NextDent C&B Vertex Dental) in a FormLabs1+ stereolithography 3D printer. The printing accuracy of printed bars was determined by comparing the width, length and thickness of samples for different printer settings (printing orientation and resin color) versus the set dimensions of CAD designs. The degree of conversion of the resin was measured with FTIR, and both the elastic modulus and peak stress of 3D printed bars was determined using a 3-point being test for different printing layer thicknesses. The results were compared to those for two conventionally cured provisional materials (Integrity, Dentsply; and Jet, Lang Dental Inc.).
RESULTS
Samples printed at 90° orientation and in a white resin color setting was chosen as the most optimal combination of printing parameters, due to the comparatively higher printing accuracy (up to 22% error), reproducibility and material usage. There was no direct correlation between printing layer thickness and elastic modulus or peak stress. 3D printed samples had comparable modulus to Jet, but significantly lower than Integrity. Peak stress for 3D printed samples was comparable to Integrity, and significantly higher than Jet. The degree of conversion of 3D printed samples also appeared higher than that of Integrity or Jet.
SIGNIFICANCE
Our results suggest that a 3D printable provisional restorative material allows for sufficient mechanical properties for intraoral use, despite the limited 3D printing accuracy of the printing system of choice.
Topics: Crowns; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Denture, Partial; Elastic Modulus; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Software; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29110921
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.10.003 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2019Currently, much has been published related to conventional resin-based composites and adhesives; however, little information is available about bioceramics-based... (Review)
Review
Currently, much has been published related to conventional resin-based composites and adhesives; however, little information is available about bioceramics-based restorative materials. The aim was to structure this topic into its component parts and to highlight the translational research that has been conducted up to the present time. A literature search was done from indexed journals up to September 2017. The main search terms used were based on dental resin-based composites, dental adhesives along with bioactive glass and the calcium phosphate family. The results showed that in 123 articles, amorphous calcium phosphate (39.83%), hydroxyapatite (23.5%), bioactive glass (16.2%), dicalcium phosphate (5.69%), monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (3.25%), and tricalcium phosphate (2.43%) have been used in restorative materials. Moreover, seven studies were found related to a newly developed commercial bioactive composite. The utilization of bioactive materials for tooth restorations can promote remineralization and a durable seal of the tooth-material interface.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Glass; Materials Testing
PubMed: 30381635
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-039 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023This research addresses the development of a formalized approach to dental material selection (DMS) in manufacturing removable complete dentures (RDC). Three types of...
This research addresses the development of a formalized approach to dental material selection (DMS) in manufacturing removable complete dentures (RDC). Three types of commercially available polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) grades, processed by an identical Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer, were compared. In this way, a combination of mechanical, tribological, technological, microbiological, and economic factors was assessed. The material indices were calculated to compare dental materials for a set of functional parameters related to feedstock cost. However, this did not solve the problem of simultaneous consideration of all the material indices, including their significance. The developed DMS procedure employs the extended VIKOR method, based on the analysis of interval quantitative estimations, which allowed the carrying out of a fully fledged analysis of alternatives. The proposed approach has the potential to enhance the efficiency of prosthetic treatment by optimizing the DMS procedure, taking into consideration the prosthesis design and its production route.
Topics: Denture, Complete; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Prosthesis Design; Technology; Dental Materials; Computer-Aided Design
PubMed: 37047405
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076432 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2020Recent advances in the field of endodontics have greatly improved the outcome and success rate of dental materials. For last three decades, there has been great interest... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in the field of endodontics have greatly improved the outcome and success rate of dental materials. For last three decades, there has been great interest in the development of bioactive dental material with the ability to interact and induce surrounding dental tissues to promote regeneration of pulpal and periradicular tissues. As these bioactive materials are mainly based on calcium silicates, they are also referred to as Calcium Silicate materials. The first material introduced was Mineral Tri-oxide Aggregate, which, due to its favourable biological properties, gained importance initially. However, later, due to its drawbacks, liked is colouration, long setting time and difficult manipulation, several modifications were done and newer bioactive materials, such as Biodentine, BioAggregate, Endosequence, Calcium-Enriched Mixture etc., were developed. The main applications of these materials are for pulp capping (direc t/indirec t), pulpotomy, perforation repair, resorption defects, apexogenesis and as retrograde filling materials, apexification and endodontic sealers. This review discusses the various types of bioactive materials, their composition, setting mechanism, and literature evidence for current applications.
Topics: Bone Substitutes; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Materials; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Regenerative Endodontics; Silicates
PubMed: 32207434
DOI: 10.5455/JPMA.16942 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... May 2019Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the appearance of natural teeth and decrease peri-implant inflammatory reactions.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to critically explore the state of art of zirconia surface treatment to enhance the biological and osseointegration behavior of zirconia in implant dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search in PubMed database was carried out until May 2018 using the following combination of key words and MeSH terms without time periods: "zirconia surface treatment" or "zirconia surface modification" or "zirconia coating" and "osseointegration" or "biological properties" or "bioactivity" or "functionally graded properties".
RESULTS
Previous studies have reported the influence of zirconia-based implant surface on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast and fibroblasts at the implant to bone interface during the osseointegration process. A large number of physicochemical methods have been used to change the implant surfaces and therefore to improve the early and late bone-to-implant integration, namely: acid etching, gritblasting, laser treatment, UV light, CVD, and PVD. The development of coatings composed of silica, magnesium, graphene, dopamine, and bioactive molecules has been assessed although the development of a functionally graded material for implants has shown encouraging mechanical and biological behavior.
CONCLUSION
Modified zirconia surfaces clearly demonstrate faster osseointegration than that on untreated surfaces. However, there is no consensus regarding the surface treatment and consequent morphological aspects of the surfaces to enhance osseointegration.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 30813009
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.062