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Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods Aug 2019This study is the first to investigate and confirm the effectiveness of single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRM), in its ability to discriminate between dental pulp stem...
This study is the first to investigate and confirm the effectiveness of single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRM), in its ability to discriminate between dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) with contrasting proliferative and differentiation capabilities. The findings show that SCRM can rapidly and noninvasively distinguish and identify DPSC subpopulations with superior proliferative and multipotency properties, versus lesser quality DPSCs, thereby overcoming the significant heterogeneity issues surrounding DPSC expansion and differentiation capabilities. Such findings support further SCRM assessment for the selective screening/isolation of superior quality DPSCs from whole dental pulp tissues, for more effective evaluation and therapy development.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Dental Pulp; Female; Humans; Regeneration; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Stem Cells
PubMed: 31337281
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2019.0129 -
International Endodontic Journal Jul 2016To investigate the inflammatory response of dental pulp fibroblasts and the respective explants to whole saliva.
AIM
To investigate the inflammatory response of dental pulp fibroblasts and the respective explants to whole saliva.
METHODOLOGY
Explants from human and porcine dental pulp tissue and isolated dental pulp fibroblasts were used to investigate the inflammatory response to sterile saliva. Cytokine and chemokine expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and pharmacologic inhibitors were used to determine the involvement of signalling pathways.
RESULTS
Dental pulp explants of human and porcine origin exposed to human saliva exhibited no major changes of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression (P > 0.05). In contrast, isolated porcine and human dental pulp fibroblasts, when stimulated with human saliva, exhibited a vastly increased expression of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA (P < 0.05). In pulp fibroblasts, saliva also increased the expression of other cytokines and chemokines via activation of NFkappaB, ERK and p38 signalling. Notably, a significantly reduced inflammatory response was elicited when pulp fibroblasts were transiently exposed to saliva.
CONCLUSIONS
Saliva has a potential impact on inflammation of dental pulp fibroblasts in vitro but not when cells are embedded in the intrinsic extracellular matrix of the explant tissue.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Blotting, Western; Chemokines; Cytokines; Dental Pulp; Fibroblasts; Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saliva; Swine; Transcriptome
PubMed: 26114806
DOI: 10.1111/iej.12493 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021A wide range of mediators are released from the pulp tissue because of bacterial invasion which causes inflammation. Interleukins (ILs) and matrix metalloproteinases...
A wide range of mediators are released from the pulp tissue because of bacterial invasion which causes inflammation. Interleukins (ILs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have a leading role in initiating and spreading of inflammation because of their synergic action. Biomarkers such as ILs and MMPs can be identified via several methods, establishing the inflammatory response of the dental pulp. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the levels of ILs and/or MMPs in human dental pulp. PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley online library databases were searched for original clinical studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a quality assessment of studies was performed based on a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In the review were included articles that evaluated the presence of ILs and/or MMPs in pulp tissue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blot or multiplex assay. Six articles were included in the present synthesis. Although various diagnostic methods were used, statistically significant higher levels of ILs and/or MMPs were mostly found in the experimental groups compared to healthy pulp samples. The biomarkers studied can be a promising tool to evaluate pulp tissue health or even in pulpitis treatment.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukins; Matrix Metalloproteinases
PubMed: 34299403
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144129 -
Journal of Tissue Engineering and... Jun 2016Reviewing the literature, hepatic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) from cryopreserved dental pulp tissues of vital extracted teeth with disease...
Reviewing the literature, hepatic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) from cryopreserved dental pulp tissues of vital extracted teeth with disease has not been studied. This study is aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that hDPSCs from cryopreserved dental pulp tissues of vital extracted teeth with disease could possess potential hepatic differentiation. Forty vital extracted teeth with disease recruited for hDPSCs isolation, stem cell characterization and hepatic differentiation were randomly and equally divided into group A (liquid nitrogen-stored dental pulp tissues) and group B (freshly derived dental pulp tissues). Samples of hDPSCs isolated from groups A and B but without hepatic growth factors formed negative controls. A well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma cell line was employed as a positive control. All the isolated hDPSCs from groups A and B showed hepatic-like differentiation with morphological change from a spindle-shaped to a polygonal shape and normal karyotype. Differentiated hDPSCs and the positive control expressed hepatic metabolic function genes and liver-specific genes. Glycogen storage of differentiated hDPSCs was noted from day 7 of differentiation-medium culture. Positive immunofluorescence staining of low-density lipoprotein and albumin was observed from day 14 of differentiation-medium culture; urea production in the medium was noted from week 6. No hepatic differentiation was observed for any of the samples of the negative controls. We not only demonstrated the feasibility of hepatic-like differentiation of hDPSCs from cryopreserved dental pulp tissues of vital extracted teeth with disease but also indicated that the differentiated cells possessed normal karyotype and were functionally close to normal hepatic-like cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Humans; Liver; Stem Cells
PubMed: 23950016
DOI: 10.1002/term.1763 -
Journal of Photochemistry and... Nov 2020Hydrogen peroxide photolysis-based antimicrobial chemotherapy that utilizes ultraviolet-A irradiation (UVA-HO photolysis) has been previously proposed as a method of...
Hydrogen peroxide photolysis-based antimicrobial chemotherapy that utilizes ultraviolet-A irradiation (UVA-HO photolysis) has been previously proposed as a method of treatment of cariogenic biofilm. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess time-dependent reactions in the dental pulp of rats after UVA-HO photolysis. Maxillary first molars were treated. UVA irradiation (wavelength: 365 nm) with 3 wt% HO was performed for 90 s at a radiant emittance of 500-2000 mW/cm on the rats for 3 consecutive days or only 1 day. The animals were sacrificed at Days 1, 3, 7, and 21 after the treatment for the histological evaluation of inflammatory cells and immunohistochemistry of heat shock protein (HSP)-25, a marker of odontoblasts. Tertiary dentin formation was evaluated at Day 21 by histomorphometry and micro-CT analysis. UVA-HO photolysis elicited little infiltration of inflammatory cells, but disturbances in the odontoblast layer and/or presence of localized degenerative tissue were observed on Day 3. This condition was followed by a healing process that was characterized by the reappearance of HSP-25 positive odontoblast-like cells at Day 7 and tertiary dentin formation at Day 21. The amount of tertiary dentin formed was dependent on the intensity of treatment; repeated UVA irradiations of HO at 2000 mW/cm resulted in the largest amount of tertiary dentin formation at the pulp horn regions. Our findings suggest that UVA-HO photolysis treatment can be used to treat dental caries clinically because the post-treatment inflammatory reaction was minimal and tertiary dentin formation was substantial, which may prove effective in protecting dental pulp from external irritants. As a cautionary consideration, the radiant emittance of the UVA irradiation should be carefully optimized before clinical application.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Dental Pulp; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; Hydrogen Peroxide; Photolysis; Rats; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33027729
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112042 -
Journal of Endodontics May 2018Angiogenesis is a key determinant in dental pulp regeneration. Iloprost is a synthetic prostacyclin that promotes angiogenesis. A three-dimensional culture that mimics...
INTRODUCTION
Angiogenesis is a key determinant in dental pulp regeneration. Iloprost is a synthetic prostacyclin that promotes angiogenesis. A three-dimensional culture that mimics the in vivo condition has been used in tissue engineering. This study investigated the effect of iloprost on promoting dental pulp angiogenesis by using the tooth slice organ culture system.
METHODS
Tooth slices with intact pulp tissue were cut from molars extracted from 12 patients. Dental pulp tissue viability was determined by live/dead staining. The tooth slices were cultured with iloprost for 1 or 3 days. The microvessel density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Collagen density was determined by using Masson trichrome and immunofluorescent staining.
RESULTS
The pulp tissue in the tooth slices remained viable when cultured in serum-free medium. Iloprost increased the microvessel density as shown by a higher number of von Willebrand factor-positive cells. A significant increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression was observed in the tooth slices cultured with iloprost. Iloprost stimulated collagen deposition, and this effect was abolished after inhibition of protein kinase A activity.
CONCLUSIONS
Human tooth slices provide a valuable and easy-to-obtain model to investigate the effect of bioactive molecules used in dental pulp regeneration. This study showed for the first time that tooth slices could be kept viable under serum-free conditions for up to 3 days. Iloprost promoted angiogenesis, increased new vessel formation, and induced collagen deposition. This study proposes the clinical value of iloprost as a drug for inducing angiogenesis that can increase the success of pulp regeneration.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Collagen; Dental Pulp; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Iloprost; Microscopy, Confocal; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Organ Culture Techniques; Vasodilator Agents; Young Adult
PubMed: 29550009
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.001 -
Regenerative Medicine Sep 2009Dental pulp tissue is vulnerable to infection. Entire pulp amputation followed by pulp-space disinfection and filling with an artificial rubber-like material is employed... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp tissue is vulnerable to infection. Entire pulp amputation followed by pulp-space disinfection and filling with an artificial rubber-like material is employed to treat the infection - commonly known as root-canal therapy. Regeneration of pulp tissue has been difficult as the tissue is encased in dentin without collateral blood supply except from the root apical end. However, with the advent of the concept of modern tissue engineering and the discovery of dental stem cells, regeneration of pulp and dentin has been tested. This article will review the early attempts to regenerate pulp tissue and the current endeavor of pulp and dentin tissue engineering, and regeneration. The prospective outcome of the current advancement in this line of research will be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 19761395
DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.45 -
Comptes Rendus Biologies Sep 2007Any clinician dreams to obtain the regeneration of the destroyed organ for his patient. In the human being, the regeneration of complex structures is not possible,... (Review)
Review
Any clinician dreams to obtain the regeneration of the destroyed organ for his patient. In the human being, the regeneration of complex structures is not possible, except the liver and the bone marrow, which can be regenerated because of the presence of adult stem cells in these tissues. The stem cells have two principal properties: they ensure their self-renewal and they have the ability to differentiate into several cellular types. Using specific markers allowing the identification of the stem cells in bone marrow, stem cells were observed in dental pulp tissues. Although the origin, the identification, and the localization of these stem cells of dental pulp remain under consideration, the optimism in research on stem cells permits to believe that the knowledge on dental stem cells will lead to their use in therapeutics.
Topics: Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells
PubMed: 17720580
DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.07.001 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2021The role of inflammatory mediators in dental pulp is unique. The local environment of pulp responds to any changes in the physiology that are highly fundamental, like... (Review)
Review
The role of inflammatory mediators in dental pulp is unique. The local environment of pulp responds to any changes in the physiology that are highly fundamental, like odontoblast cell differentiation and other secretory activity. The aim of this review is to assess the role of cathelicidins based on their capacity to heal wounds, their immunomodulatory potential, and their ability to stimulate cytokine production and stimulate immune-inflammatory response in pulp and periapex. Accessible electronic databases were searched to find studies reporting the role of cathelicidins in pulpal inflammation and regeneration published between September 2010 and September 2020. The search was performed using the following databases: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and PubMed. The electronic search was performed using the combination of keywords "cathelicidins" and "dental pulp inflammation". On the basis of previous studies, it can be inferred that LL-37 plays an important role in odontoblastic cell differentiation and stimulation of antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, based on these outcomes, it can be concluded that LL-37 plays an important role in reparative dentin formation and provides signaling for defense by activating the innate immune system.
Topics: Cathelicidins; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Odontoblasts; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34068275
DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010010 -
Journal of Endodontics Nov 2015The absence of tooth sensitivity has been observed in patients who have undergone radiotherapy. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of concurrent...
INTRODUCTION
The absence of tooth sensitivity has been observed in patients who have undergone radiotherapy. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of concurrent chemoradiotherapy on the pulp status of posterior teeth in patients with malignant oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
METHODS
Twenty-one patients diagnosed with malignant oral and oropharyngeal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy underwent cold thermal pulp sensitivity testing and electric pulp testing of 4 teeth, 1 from each quadrant, at 4 points in time (PT): before radiotherapy (PT1), after 30-35 Gy (PT2), at the end of radiotherapy at 66-70 Gy (PT3), and 4 months (PT4) after beginning radiotherapy.
RESULTS
All 84 teeth tested positive to cold thermal pulp sensitivity testing at PT1 (100%) and 25 teeth at PT2. No tooth responded at PT3 and PT4 (100%). A statistically significant difference (P < .05) existed in the number of positive responses between different points in time.
CONCLUSIONS
Radiotherapy decreased the number of teeth responding to pulp sensitivity testing after doses greater than 30-35 Gy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chemoradiotherapy; Dental Pulp; Dentin Sensitivity; Humans; Middle Aged; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 26433856
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.006