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Cell Biology International Dec 2017Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been proposed as a promising source of stem cells in nerve regeneration due to their close embryonic origin and ease of harvest....
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been proposed as a promising source of stem cells in nerve regeneration due to their close embryonic origin and ease of harvest. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic and possesses many biological functions such as anti-inflammatory activity and protection against atherosclerosis and neuroprotective activities. There is increasing evidence showing that RSV plays a pivotal role in neuron protection and neuronal differentiation. In this study, we isolated DPSCs from impacted third molars and investigated whether RSV induces neuronal differentiation of DPSCs. To avoid loss of DPSCs multipotency, all the experiments were conducted on cells at early passages. RT-PCR results showed that RSV-treated DPSCs (RSV-DPSCs) significantly increased the expression of the neuroprogenitor marker Nestin. When RSV-DPSCs were differentiated with neuronal induction media (RSV-dDPSCs), they showed a cell morphology similar to neurons. The expression of neuronal-specific marker genes Nestin, Musashi, and NF-M in RSV-dDPSCs was significantly increased. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of neuronal marker proteins, Nestin, and NF-M, was significantly increased in RSV-dDPSCs. Therefore, we have shown that RSV treatment, along with the use of neuronal induction media, effectively promotes neuronal cell differentiation of DPSCs.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Neurons; Resveratrol; Stilbenes
PubMed: 28782906
DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10835 -
Acta Biomaterialia Dec 2014Bioactive materials play an important role in facilitating dental pulp repair when living dental pulp is exposed after injuries. Mineral trioxide aggregate is the...
Bioactive materials play an important role in facilitating dental pulp repair when living dental pulp is exposed after injuries. Mineral trioxide aggregate is the currently recommended material of choice for pulp repair procedures though has several disadvantages, especially the inconvenience of handling. Little information is yet available about the early events and molecular mechanisms involved in bioceramic-mediated dental pulp repair. We aimed to characterize and determine the apatite-forming ability of the novel ready-to-use nanoparticulate bioceramic iRoot BP Plus, and investigate its effects on the in vitro recruitment of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), as well as its capacity to induce dentin bridge formation in an in vivo model of pulp repair. It was found that iRoot BP Plus was nanosized and had excellent apatite-forming ability in vitro. Treatment with iRoot BP Plus extracts promoted the adhesion, migration and attachment of DPSCs, and optimized focal adhesion formation (Vinculin, p-Paxillin and p-Focal adhesion kinase) and stress fibre assembly. Consistent with the in vitro results, we observed the formation of a homogeneous dentin bridge and the expression of odontogenic (dentin sialoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1) and focal adhesion molecules (Vinculin, p-Paxillin) at the injury site of pulp repair model by iRoot BP Plus. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism of bioceramic-mediated dental pulp repair, and the novel revolutionary ready-to-use nanoparticulate bioceramic paste shows promising therapeutic potential in dental pulp repair application.
Topics: Bone Cements; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Ceramics; Dental Porcelain; Dental Pulp; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Materials Testing; Nanoparticles; Ointments; Stem Cells
PubMed: 25182220
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.014 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2018To evaluate tissue engineering technology to regenerate pulp-dentin like tissues in pulp canals of immature necrotic permanent teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs.
AIM
To evaluate tissue engineering technology to regenerate pulp-dentin like tissues in pulp canals of immature necrotic permanent teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs.
STUDY DESIGN
The study was performed on 36 teeth in 12 dogs. The experiment was carried out using split mouth design. In each dog 3 teeth were selected for implementing the study procedure. Apical periodontitis was induced in Group A and B teeth. Group (A): immature upper left 2 permanent incisors that were transplanted with a construct of autologous dental pulp stem cells with growth factors seeded in a chitosn hydrogel scaffold. Group (B): immature upper right 2 permanent incisor that received only growth factors with scaffold. A third tooth in each dog was selected randomly for isolation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Both groups were closed with a double coronal seal of white MTA (Mineral trioxide aggregate) and glass ionomer cement. Both groups were monitored radiographically for 4 months and histologically after sacrificing the animals.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in radiographic findings between group (A) and group (B) for healing of radiolucencies, while there was statistically significant difference between group (A) and group (B) regarding radicular thickening, root lengthening and apical closure. Histologically, group (A) teeth showed regeneration of pulp- dentin like tissue while group (B) teeth did not show any tissue regeneration.
CONCLUSION
Dental pulp stem cells and growth factors incorporated in chitosan hydrogel are able to regenerate pulp- dentine like tissue and help in complete root maturation of non-vital immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Periapical Periodontitis; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 29763345
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-42.5.9 -
Journal of Endodontics May 2019Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important innate immune mechanism aimed at limiting the dissemination of bacteria within tissues and localizing...
INTRODUCTION
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important innate immune mechanism aimed at limiting the dissemination of bacteria within tissues and localizing antibacterial killing mechanisms. There is significant interest in the role of NETs in a range of infectious and inflammatory diseases; however, their role in diseased pulp has yet to be explored. Our aim was to determine their relevance to infected pulp and how their components affect human dental pulp cell (HDPC) responses.
METHODS
Diseased pulp tissue was stained for the presence of extracellular DNA and elastase to detect the presence of NETs. Bacteria known to infect pulp were also assayed to determine their ability to stimulate NETs. Coculture studies and NET component challenge were used to determine the effect of extracellular NET release on HDPC viability and inflammatory response. NET-stimulated HDPC secretomes were assessed for their chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and macrophages.
RESULTS
Data indicate that NETs are present in infected pulp tissue and whole NETs, and their histone components, particularly H2A, decreased HDPC viability and stimulated chemokine release, resulting in an attraction of lymphocyte populations.
CONCLUSIONS
NETs are likely important in pulpal pathogenesis with injurious and chronic inflammatory effects on HDPCs, which may contribute to disease progression. Macrophages are chemoattracted to NET-induced apoptotic HDPCs, facilitating cellular debris removal. NETs and histones may provide novel prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for pulpal diseases.
Topics: Cell Death; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Traps; Histones; Humans; Inflammation; Leukocyte Count; Neutrophils
PubMed: 30930016
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.02.014 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral... Jul 1971
Topics: Blood Pressure Determination; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Humans; Partial Pressure; Pulpitis
PubMed: 5281545
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(71)90258-1 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Nov 2011Treatment of the young permanent tooth with a necrotic root canal system and an incompletely developed root is very difficult and challenging. Few acceptable results... (Review)
Review
Treatment of the young permanent tooth with a necrotic root canal system and an incompletely developed root is very difficult and challenging. Few acceptable results have been achieved through apexification but use of long-term calcium hydroxide might alter the mechanical properties of dentin. Thus, one alternative approach is to develop and restore a functional pulp-dentin complex. Procedures attempting to preserve the potentially remaining dental pulp stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells of the apical papilla can result in canal revascularization and the completion of root maturation. There are several advantages of promoting apexogenesis in immature teeth with open apices. It encourages a longer and thicker root to develop thus decreasing the propensity of long term root fracture. So, the present article reviews the recent approach of regeneration of pulp-dentin complex in immature permanent teeth.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Regeneration; Tooth, Nonvital
PubMed: 21743418
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17187 -
Quintessence International (Berlin,... Jun 2001Considerable knowledge has accumulated over the years on the structure and function of the dental pulp and dentin. Some of this knowledge has important clinical... (Review)
Review
Considerable knowledge has accumulated over the years on the structure and function of the dental pulp and dentin. Some of this knowledge has important clinical implications. This review, which is the first of seven articles, will be limited to those parts of the normal structure and physiology of the pulp and dentin that have been shown to result in, or are likely lead to, tissue reactions associated with the clinical treatment of these tissues. Although certain normal structures will be highlighted in some detail, a basic knowledge of pulpal and dentinal development and structure is a prerequisite for an understanding of this text.
Topics: Biology; Cell Differentiation; Cell Membrane; Dental Pulp; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Dentin Permeability; Dentinogenesis; Extracellular Space; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Odontoblasts; Tooth Calcification
PubMed: 11491623
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oral Science 2016We evaluated the gene expression profiles of human dental pulp cells exposed to iRoot BP using microarray after 24 and 72 h. The results were verified using quantitative...
We evaluated the gene expression profiles of human dental pulp cells exposed to iRoot BP using microarray after 24 and 72 h. The results were verified using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. Of the 36,000 transcripts arrayed, 21 were up-regulated and 15 were down-regulated by more than two fold. The largest group of up-regulated genes included those involved in nucleobase-containing compound metabolic processes, cell communication, protein metabolic processes, developmental processes, and biological regulation. The largest groups of down-regulated genes were those involved in cell communication, development, and biological regulation processes. In conclusion, iRoot BP affects the expression of genes involved in different biological processes in human dental pulp cells. (J Oral Sci 58, 307-315, 2016).
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Ceramics; Dental Pulp; Gene Expression; Humans
PubMed: 27665968
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.15-0600 -
Human Cell Apr 2019The regeneration of bone tissue is an active area of research, and future clinical applications are expected. Here, to establish new bone graft materials and an...
The regeneration of bone tissue is an active area of research, and future clinical applications are expected. Here, to establish new bone graft materials and an experimental bone tissue model, we generated united compact and spongy bone tissues containing vascular networks from human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. We applied the cell bead and cell sheet methods to construct three-dimensional bone tissue, which was cultured using a circumfusion apparatus for 30 days. Using micro-computed tomography, we assessed structural differences between compact and spongy bone. Histological examinations revealed the presence of bone lacunae containing osteocytes, Haversian canal-like structures, and extensive vascularization. Furthermore, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining-positive osteoclast-like cells were also observed. Thus, the bone tissue generated using this method closely resembles native bone tissue and may possess bone remodeling ability. We successfully generated bone tissue containing blood vessel networks in vitro using this method. The generated bone tissue will likely be highly applicable to medical care, the study of osteogenesis, drug-screening assays, and drug development for bone tissue.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Bone Remodeling; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Stem Cells; Time Factors; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30523537
DOI: 10.1007/s13577-018-00228-y -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral... Jan 1975This article describes the appearance of routine decalcified and paraffin-embedded histologic sections of the human dental pulp as observed with the scanning electron...
This article describes the appearance of routine decalcified and paraffin-embedded histologic sections of the human dental pulp as observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tissue sections were cut at 12 mum in order to increase the three-dimensional effect. The technique was particularly successful in revealing the three-dimensional structure of pulpal blood vessels and nervous tissue. Possible interodontoblastic attachments were revealed at x10,000.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Calcium; Capillaries; Cell Nucleus; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Neurons; Odontoblasts
PubMed: 1053671
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(75)90404-1