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Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Feb 2018Human dental pulp exposed to hypoxic conditions induces cell death accompanied by autophagy. However, the role of hypoxia-induced autophagy in human dental pulp cells...
Human dental pulp exposed to hypoxic conditions induces cell death accompanied by autophagy. However, the role of hypoxia-induced autophagy in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in hypoxia-induced apoptosis of HDPCs. Cobalt chloride (CoCl ) treated HDPCs, to mimic hypoxic conditions, decreased cell viability. Also, apoptosis-related signal molecules, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels, were enhanced in CoCl -treated HDPCs. HDPCs exposed to CoCl also promoted autophagy, showing upregulated p62 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II levels, typical autophagic markers, and increased acidic autophagolysosomal vacuoles. Autophagy inhibition by 3 methyladenine (3MA) or RNA interference of LC3B resulted in increased levels of cleaved PARP and caspase-3, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol in the CoCl -treated HDPCs. However, autophagy activation by rapamycin enhanced the p62 and LC3-II levels, whereas it reduced PARP and caspase-3 cleavage induced by CoCl These results revealed that CoCl -activated autophagy showed survival effects against CoCl -induced apoptosis in the HDPCs. CoCl upregulated HIF-1α and decreased the phosphorylation of mTOR/p70S6K. HIF-1α inhibitor, YC-1 decreased p62 and LC3-II levels, whereas it augmented PARP and caspase-3 cleavage in response to CoCl . Also, YC-1 enhanced the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K suppressed by CoCl , demonstrating that CoCl -induced autophagy via mTOR/p70S6K is mediated by HIF-1α. Taken together, these finding suggest that CoCl -induced autophagy mediated by the mTOR/p70S6K pathway plays a protective role against hypoxic stress in HDPCs.
Topics: Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Proteins; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cobalt; Dental Pulp; Humans; Sirolimus; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 28817179
DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26360 -
L' Information Dentaire Oct 1983
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dentin; Fibroblasts; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Odontoblasts
PubMed: 6582044
DOI: No ID Found -
SADJ : Journal of the South African... Feb 2001
Review
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Cavity; Humans; Pain; Tooth; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 16894696
DOI: No ID Found -
Australian Endodontic Journal : the... Apr 2005Endodontists in clinical practice are uniquely situated to lead the effort of transferring translational laboratory and clinical research to their practices. This paper... (Review)
Review
Endodontists in clinical practice are uniquely situated to lead the effort of transferring translational laboratory and clinical research to their practices. This paper reviews the investigations presently being conducted around the world. The work presented is an overview of the progress being made to ensure retention of teeth with various forms of pulpal and periradicular diseases.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dental Pulp; Endodontics; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 15881726
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2005.tb00199.x -
Journal of Endodontics Jan 2018The success of periodontal and endodontic treatments depends on the total recovery from both conditions regardless of their occurrence as independent or combined... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
The success of periodontal and endodontic treatments depends on the total recovery from both conditions regardless of their occurrence as independent or combined lesions. There is strong presumptive evidence that teeth with periodontal disease may cause pulpal inflammation and degeneration. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish a correlation between periodontitis and pulp volume.
METHODS
Thirty-four dental images from 17 patients obtained by cone-beam computed tomography were analyzed by medical software to create three-dimensional images. Paired t test analysis was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The statistical analysis showed that periodontitis had a significant effect on the volume and surface areas of the dental pulp (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study showed that periodontitis causes pulp volume to reduce by approximately 20%. The use of three-dimensional models provides better understanding of the dental anatomy before endodontic treatment and, consequently, improvement of treatment outcomes. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effect of periodontal disease on pulp volume and surface area.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp; Female; Humans; Male; Organ Size; Periodontitis
PubMed: 29079049
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.09.005 -
Proceedings of the Finnish Dental... 1978
Comparative Study
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dental Pulp; Dogs; Female; Hydrostatic Pressure; Male; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Pressure; Radiography; Toothache
PubMed: 756563
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Dec 1999Dental pulp tissue from three elephants was examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin and s-100 protein stains. In all specimens, normal pulp was found with the...
Dental pulp tissue from three elephants was examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin and s-100 protein stains. In all specimens, normal pulp was found with the exception that no nerve fibers (myelinated or non-myelinated) were demonstrable in any of the numerous sections prepared.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Elephants; Female; Male
PubMed: 10863524
DOI: 10.1177/089875649901600403 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Oct 2009Human dental pulp contains monoamine oxidase (MAO) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). In other tissues SSAO is involved in oxidative stress and...
BACKGROUND
Human dental pulp contains monoamine oxidase (MAO) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). In other tissues SSAO is involved in oxidative stress and inflammation, but the role of MAO and SSAO in human pulp and changes of their activities in reversible pulpitis still remains poorly understood.
MATERIAL/METHODS
We investigated MAO labeling with mechanism-based inhibitor [3H]pargyline activities of MAO A, MAO B, and SSAO in healthy and inflamed human dental pulp.
RESULTS
Incubation of human dental pulp homogenates with [3H]pargyline caused MAO labeling. MAO activity assayed with 100 microM [14C]5HT or 10 microM [14C]PEA was sensitive to selective inhibitors of MAO A and MAO B, respectively. MAO activity with 50 microM [14C]PEA was partially inhibited by clorgyline, and total inhibition was achieved only by the combination of clorgyline and semicarbazide, suggesting the presence of SSAO. Inflammation of the dental pulp was accompanied by a significant decrease in MAO labeling, MAO B (but not MAO A) activity and the increase in SSAO activity.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study suggest that the increase of dental pulp SSAO activity contributes to the development of inflammation in the dental pulp. The decrease in MAO B activity and lack of significant changes in MAO A activity may be associated with an anti-inflammatory response - inflamed pulp MAO A still effectively deaminates the inflammatory mediator 5HT, whereas inhibition of MAO B could result in some decrease of hydrogen peroxide generation, essential for the tissue damage in inflammation.
Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Animals; Clorgyline; Dental Pulp; Humans; Inflammation; Monoamine Oxidase; Rats
PubMed: 19789505
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Endodontics Aug 2018Thixotropic synthetic clays have been successfully used for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. The impact of these clays on the dental pulp, in particular in...
INTRODUCTION
Thixotropic synthetic clays have been successfully used for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. The impact of these clays on the dental pulp, in particular in combination with hypoxia-based approaches using hypoxia mimetic agents (HMAs), is unknown. Our aim was to reveal the response of dental pulp-derived cells (DPCs) to a synthetic clay-based hydrogel and evaluate the release of HMAs.
METHODS
Using resazurin-based toxicity assays, live-dead staining, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide staining, the viability of human DPCs seeded onto a synthetic clay-based hydrogel of 5%-0.15% as well as onto the hydrogels loaded with the HMAs dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), desferrioxamine, L-mimosine, and CoCl was evaluated. Furthermore, supernatant of the hydrogels loaded with HMAs were generated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production of DPCs in response to the supernatant was measured to reveal the cellular response to the HMAs.
RESULTS
We found that the synthetic clay-based hydrogel did not impair the viability of DPCs. Cell monolayer and cell cluster formations were observed on the hydrogel. No significant increase of VEGF levels was observed in the supernatant when DPCs were cultured on hydrogels loaded with HMAs. Supernatant of DMOG-loaded hydrogels stimulated VEGF production in DPCs in the first hour, whereas the effect of desferrioxamine, L-mimosine, and CoCl did not reach a level of significance.
CONCLUSIONS
The synthetic clay-based hydrogel represents a promising biomaterial that does not induce prominent toxic effects in DPCs. It can be loaded with DMOG to induce hypoxia mimetic activity. Overall, we provided first insights into the impact of synthetic clays on DPCs for tissue engineering purposes in regenerative endodontics.
Topics: Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Clay; Dental Pulp; Humans; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; Hypoxia; Regenerative Endodontics; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 29958677
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.010 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Oct 2003We investigated which structural components are responsible for maintaining interstitial fluid equilibrium in the pulpal tissue, for which the existence of an effective...
We investigated which structural components are responsible for maintaining interstitial fluid equilibrium in the pulpal tissue, for which the existence of an effective lymph drainage is postulated. There have been only a small number of investigations on pulpal lymph tissue. Therefore, we decided to perform a detailed structural analysis. Twenty vital, healthy teeth that had to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were immersed in Patent Blue for 10 to 15 minutes after opening the pulpal cavity. They were then extracted and the dental pulps were opened by cleavage of the surrounding hard tooth structure. Subsequently, the specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic investigation. A clear blue ring of stain was detected by light microscopy in Weil's zone in the coronal region of the pulp, the cell-rarefied layer surrounded by the odontoblasts. No dye deposition was observed in the apical part. However, using transmission electron microscopy, capillary structures with typical morphological characteristics of lymphatic vessels were found apically. The coronal part of the pulp did not reveal any such vascular structures. It may be concluded from these findings that the lymph in the coronal region is collected in interstitial tissue clefts and drained towards the apex, whence it is further transported via lymph capillaries.
Topics: Adult; Capillaries; Dental Pulp; Humans; Intercellular Junctions; Lymphatic System; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 14506683
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10378