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Microscopy Research and Technique Oct 2003We investigated which structural components are responsible for maintaining interstitial fluid equilibrium in the pulpal tissue, for which the existence of an effective...
We investigated which structural components are responsible for maintaining interstitial fluid equilibrium in the pulpal tissue, for which the existence of an effective lymph drainage is postulated. There have been only a small number of investigations on pulpal lymph tissue. Therefore, we decided to perform a detailed structural analysis. Twenty vital, healthy teeth that had to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were immersed in Patent Blue for 10 to 15 minutes after opening the pulpal cavity. They were then extracted and the dental pulps were opened by cleavage of the surrounding hard tooth structure. Subsequently, the specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic investigation. A clear blue ring of stain was detected by light microscopy in Weil's zone in the coronal region of the pulp, the cell-rarefied layer surrounded by the odontoblasts. No dye deposition was observed in the apical part. However, using transmission electron microscopy, capillary structures with typical morphological characteristics of lymphatic vessels were found apically. The coronal part of the pulp did not reveal any such vascular structures. It may be concluded from these findings that the lymph in the coronal region is collected in interstitial tissue clefts and drained towards the apex, whence it is further transported via lymph capillaries.
Topics: Adult; Capillaries; Dental Pulp; Humans; Intercellular Junctions; Lymphatic System; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 14506683
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10378 -
Journal of Oral Science 2016Five bulk fill composite resins, including SDR, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC), X-trafil (XTF), Sonic Fill (SF), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), were used in this study. Human...
Five bulk fill composite resins, including SDR, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC), X-trafil (XTF), Sonic Fill (SF), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), were used in this study. Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured in 12-well culture dishes (3 × 104 cells per cm(2)) and stored in an incubator at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 1 day. On days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of co-culture, viable cells were measured using a WST-1 assay. Lower cell viability was observed with XTF and SDR bulk fill composite resins compared to the control group during the WST-1 assay. Although bulk fill composite resins provide advantages in practical applications, they are limited by their cytotoxic properties. (J Oral Sci 58, 299-305, 2016).
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Resin Cements; Stem Cells
PubMed: 27665967
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.15-0603 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2017Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as a scaffold for pulp regeneration/revitalization instead of a blood clot. The aim of the following in vitro study was to...
BACKGROUND
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as a scaffold for pulp regeneration/revitalization instead of a blood clot. The aim of the following in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of PRP scaffold on proliferation, migration and differentiation of cultured ovine (sheep) dental pulp cells (ODPC) in the presence of dentine .
METHODS
PRP was prepared by centrifuging blood at 140 g for 12 min. ODPC were cultured on PRP or platelet poor plasma (PPP) scaffolds with and without dentine discs. Cell proliferation, migration and differentiation rates were assessed.
RESULTS
ODPC cultured on PRP scaffold showed significantly greater proliferation rates, migration and mineralization compared with cells on PPP or without a scaffold. Dentine discs reduced the proliferation and mineralization potential of the cells.
CONCLUSIONS
A PRP scaffold has a positive effect on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of ODPC; however, dentine discs have an adverse effect on the activity of ODPC.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Models, Animal; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Sheep; Tissue Scaffolds; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 27102876
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12426 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Dec 2016The collective power of stem cells due to their evident advantages is incessantly investigated in regenerative medicine to be the next generation exceptional remedy for...
The collective power of stem cells due to their evident advantages is incessantly investigated in regenerative medicine to be the next generation exceptional remedy for tissue regeneration and treatment of diseases. Stem cells are highly sensitive and a 3D culture environment is a requisite for its successful transplantation and integration with tissues. Porous microscaffolds can create a 3D microenvironment for growing stems cells, controlling their fate both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, interconnected porous PLGA microscaffolds were fabricated, characterized and employed to propagate human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPMSCs) in vitro. The porous topography was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the pore size was controlled by fabrication conditions such as the concentration of porogen. DPMSCs were cultured on microscaffolds and were evaluated for their morphology, attachment, proliferation, cell viability via MTT and molecular expression (RT-PCR). DPMSCs were adequately proliferated and adhered over the microscaffolds forming a 3D cell-microscaffold construct. The average number of DPMSCs grown on PLGA microscaffolds was significantly higher than monolayer 2D culture during 5th and 7th day. Moreover, cell viability and gene expression results together corroborated that microscaffolds maintained the viability, stemness and plasticity of the cultured dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. The novel porous microscaffold developed acts as promising scaffold for 3D culture and survival and transplantation of stem cells for tissue engineering.
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Dental Pulp; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 27989823
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.040 -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... Feb 2021The persistent prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to contribute to preventable disease and death in the United States. Although much is known about the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The persistent prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to contribute to preventable disease and death in the United States. Although much is known about the deleterious systemic effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine, some clinically relevant areas, such as the impact of cigarette smoke and nicotine on stem cells and the subsequent implications in regenerative medicine, still remain unclear. This review focuses on recent studies on the effect of cigarette smoke and one of its deleterious components, nicotine, on mesenchymal stem cells, with an emphasis on dental stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Smoke; Nicotiana
PubMed: 33175571
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00217.2020 -
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and... 1996Dentin has a relatively high water content due to its tubular structure. Once dentin is exposed, this intratubular water is free to move in response to thermal, osmotic,... (Review)
Review
Dentin has a relatively high water content due to its tubular structure. Once dentin is exposed, this intratubular water is free to move in response to thermal, osmotic, evaporative, or tactile stimuli. Fluid shifts across dentin are thought to cause sufficient shear forces on odontoblasts, nerve endings, nearby fibroblasts, and blood vessels to cause significant mechanical irritation, disruption, or damage, depending on the magnitude of the fluid shift. Even in the absence of fluid shifts, the water-filled tubules provide diffusion channels for noxious (i.e., bacterial products) substances which diffuse inward toward the pulp, where they can activate the immune system, provide chemotactic stimuli, cytokine production, and produce pain and pulpal inflammation. Viewed from this perspective, dentin is a poor barrier to external irritants. However, pulpal tissues react to these challenges by increasing the activity of nerves, blood vessels, the immune system, and interstitial fluid turnover, to make the exposed dentin less permeable either physiologically, via increased outward fluid flow, or microscopically, by lining tubules with proteins, mineral deposits, or tertiary dentin, thereby enhancing the barrier properties of dentin, and providing additional protection to pulpal tissues. These reactions involve dentin and pulp, both in the initiation of the processes and in their resolution. These responses of the dental pulp to irritation of dentin demonstrate the dynamic nature of the pulpo-dentin complex.
Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Dentin Permeability; Dentinal Fluid; Diffusion; Fibroblasts; Humans; Irritants; Nerve Endings; Odontoblasts; Pulpitis
PubMed: 8875027
DOI: 10.1177/10454411960070020101 -
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... 1998The purpose of this investigation was to determine the antimicrobial and healing potential of propolis on direct dental pulp exposures. This study used 25 adult male...
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the antimicrobial and healing potential of propolis on direct dental pulp exposures. This study used 25 adult male rats. Pulp exposures were performed and animals were allocated to propolis and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 groups. Animals were killed on days 5, 7, 10, and 14. The teeth were routinely processed for histological evaluation. Non-parametric tests were employed to analyze the data. No significant differences were found between study groups on the wound healing of the dental pulp. Both substances were comparable in exhibiting normal reorganization of the pulp and no increased vascularity, and were equally efficacious in maintaining a low inflammatory and microbial cell population as well as in stimulating the formation of reparative dentin.
Topics: Animals; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp; Male; Propolis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regeneration; Wound Healing
PubMed: 9933969
DOI: 10.1515/znc-1998-11-1217 -
Histochemistry 1990The peptidergic innervation of human dental pulp was studied with indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Pulpal nerve fibres displaying...
The peptidergic innervation of human dental pulp was studied with indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Pulpal nerve fibres displaying immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide tyrosine, leucine-enkephalin, methionine-enkephalin, neuropeptide K, neuropeptide tyrosine, peptide with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine, somatostatin-28, substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were observed. Immunoreactive axon varicosities were detectable within radicular and coronal nerve trunks and within the nerve plexus of Raschkow in the para-odontoblastic region. Many peptidergic nerve fibres were observed in association with blood vessels of various sizes. Substance P- and calcitonin-gene-related peptide-immunoreactive axons were visible in the odontoblastic layer. The occurrence of VIP- and PHI-immunoreactive fibres lends support to the hypothesis that human tooth may be supplied by parasympathetic nerves. The immunocytochemical results here shown provide a morphological basis to previous experimental studies concerning the possible roles of neuropeptides in nociception mechanisms, control of the blood flow and modulation of the inflammatory response in dental tissues.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Nerve Fibers; Neuropeptides
PubMed: 2081689
DOI: 10.1007/BF00266583 -
Archives of Oral Biology 1985The development of an antiserum, monospecific to the collagenase inhibitor, from bovine dental pulps permitted localization of immunoreactive inhibitor protein, by means...
The development of an antiserum, monospecific to the collagenase inhibitor, from bovine dental pulps permitted localization of immunoreactive inhibitor protein, by means of both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase-staining techniques in sections of bovine dental pulps. The immunoreactive inhibitor protein in bovine dental pulps is present both in cells and extracellular matrices. When cultured in Eagle minimal essential medium, coronal pulps from bovine-unerupted teeth were shown, by assay of the medium, to produce only about 1/10 of the amount of inhibitor produced by the root pulps. When compared by immunohistochemical observation, however, essentially no differences in fluorescent activity was found between coronal and root pulps. Specific cytoplasmic staining was seen both in explanted root-pulp tissues and in immature fibroblast-like pulp cells from monolayer cell cultures of bovine root pulps, which indicate that the pulp cells are responsible for inhibitor production. Sections of dental follicle and gingiva from the same animal, showed a distribution of immunoreactive inhibitor protein similar to that in dental pulps.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Connective Tissue; Dental Pulp; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extracellular Matrix; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Mouth; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
PubMed: 3904681
DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(85)90059-7 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Nov 2016Cariopathogen Streptococcus mutans exists in infected dental pulp of deciduous teeth and is frequently linked with heart diseases. Organotypic (3D) dental pulp stem cell...
Cariopathogen Streptococcus mutans exists in infected dental pulp of deciduous teeth and is frequently linked with heart diseases. Organotypic (3D) dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) cultures/microtissues, developed to mimic the physiological conditions in vivo, were utilized to assess the bacterial impact on their (i) 3D structural configuration and (ii) recovery mechanisms. The cultures, developed in extracellular matrix (ECM) bio-scaffold (Matrigel™), interacted with WT and GFP-tagged bacterial biofilms by permitting their infiltration through the ECM. Challenged cell constructs were visualized by F-actin/nuclei staining. Their pluripotency (Sox2) and differentiation (osteocalcin) markers were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Secreted mineral was detected by alizarin red, and 3D structural arrangements were analysed by epi-fluorescence and confocal scanning microscopy. Bacterial biofilm/ECM-embedded DPSC interactions appeared in distinct areas of the microtissues. Bacterial attachment to the cell surface occurred without evidence of invasion. Surface architecture of the challenged versus unchallenged microtissues was apparently unaltered. However, significant increases in thickness (138.42 vs 106.51 µm) and bacterial penetration were detected in challenged structures causing canal-like microstructures with various diameters (12.94 -42.88 µm) and average diameter of 20.66 to 33.42 µm per microtissue. Challenged constructs expressed pluripotency and differentiation markers and secreted the mineral. Presented model shows strong potential for assessing pulp-pathogen interactions in vivo. S. mutans infiltrated and penetrated the microtissues but did not invade the cells or compromise major cell repair mechanisms. These findings would suggest reexamining the role of S. mutans as an endodontic pathogen and investigating DPSC resistance to its pathogenicity.
Topics: Biofilms; Cell Differentiation; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Stem Cells; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 27638752
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000353