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BioEssays : News and Reviews in... Dec 2018Efforts from diverse disciplines, including evolutionary studies and biomechanical experiments, have yielded new insights into the genetic, signaling, and mechanical... (Review)
Review
Efforts from diverse disciplines, including evolutionary studies and biomechanical experiments, have yielded new insights into the genetic, signaling, and mechanical control of tooth formation and functions. Evidence from fossils and non-model organisms has revealed that a common set of genes underlie tooth-forming potential of epithelia, and changes in signaling environments subsequently result in specialized dentitions, maintenance of dental stem cells, and other phenotypic adaptations. In addition to chemical signaling, tissue forces generated through epithelial contraction, differential growth, and skeletal constraints act in parallel to shape the tooth throughout development. Here recent advances in understanding dental development from these studies are reviewed and important gaps that can be filled through continued application of evolutionary and biomechanical approaches are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Dentition; Fishes; Fossils; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Stem Cells; Tooth
PubMed: 30387177
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800140 -
Integrative and Comparative Biology Sep 2020Teeth are critical to the functional ecology of vertebrate trophic abilities, but are also used for a diversity of other non-trophic tasks. Teeth can play a substantial... (Review)
Review
Teeth are critical to the functional ecology of vertebrate trophic abilities, but are also used for a diversity of other non-trophic tasks. Teeth can play a substantial role in how animals move, manipulate their environment, positively interact with conspecifics, antagonistically interact with other organisms, and sense the environment. We review these non-trophic functions in an attempt to place the utility of human and all other vertebrate dentitions in a more diverse framework that emphasizes an expanded view of the functional importance and ecological diversity of teeth. In light of the extensive understanding of the developmental genetics, trophic functions, and evolutionary history of teeth, comparative studies of vertebrate dentitions will continue to provide unique insights into multi-functionality, many-to-one mapping, and the evolution of novel abilities.
Topics: Animals; Dentition; Life History Traits; Tooth; Vertebrates
PubMed: 32573716
DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa086 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Apr 1994The typical values and normal ranges of the permanent dentition root surface areas were estimated based on a meta-analysis of 4730 root surface area measurements... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The typical values and normal ranges of the permanent dentition root surface areas were estimated based on a meta-analysis of 4730 root surface area measurements collected from 22 published studies between 1950 and 1992. A typical dentition root surface area, excluding 3rd molars, was 75 cm2, and 95% of the dentitions had a total root surface area somewhere between 65 cm2 and 86 cm2. The prognostic significance of particular values of root surface areas for dental treatment outcomes requires further investigation.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Bicuspid; Cuspid; Dentition; Humans; Incisor; Mandible; Maxilla; Molar; Odontometry; Tooth Root
PubMed: 8195437
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb00310.x -
The Journal of the Michigan Dental... Jan 2012Management of dental trauma in children can be a challenging problem in dental practices. Knowledge of current trauma guidelines is vital in effectively managing dental... (Review)
Review
Management of dental trauma in children can be a challenging problem in dental practices. Knowledge of current trauma guidelines is vital in effectively managing dental trauma so that favorable outcomes are achieved. The purpose of this paper is to review the current guidelines and management strategies of dental trauma in primary and permanent dentitions. When planning emergency treatment for a primary tooth, it is important to consider the lifespan of the tooth, the potential damage to the permanent dentition, and the behavior of the child. After injury to permanent teeth, the treatment strategy is dictated by the concern for vitality of the periodontal ligament and pulp of the injured tooth. The emergency nature of dental trauma requires that the dentist be knowledgeable and readily available during and after office hours to provide care.
Topics: Child; Dental Pulp; Emergency Treatment; Humans; Patient Care Planning; Periodontal Ligament; Tooth Injuries; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 22439523
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Aug 1993Posttreatment changes of orthodontically treated dentitions are inherent to every orthodontic practice. Various studies have documented the ideal posttreatment dental...
Posttreatment changes of orthodontically treated dentitions are inherent to every orthodontic practice. Various studies have documented the ideal posttreatment dental and cephalometric norms that could pertain to stable long-term occlusal results. Clinically, changes in these parameters are often observed as mandibular incisor crowding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in certain variables representing the anterior border of the dentition. Eighty-eight white subjects were assessed regarding stability of the dentition after edgewise orthodontic treatment. (44% nonextraction, 56% extraction) The following variables in proximity of the anterior limit of the dentition (overbite, overjet, mandibular arch length, upper and lower incisor position, Little irregularity index) were assessed and correlated with each other. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, the Friedman test for significant changes and pairwise comparisons, and the Spearman correlation test. Mandibular intercanine width was not significantly altered during treatment, but although not significantly, p > 0.05 did decrease beyond the original measurement during posttreatment evaluation (mean 7 years after treatment). The other variables influenced by the orthodontic manipulation were all within normal ranges and remained stable. The arch length decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the entire evaluation period and was the only variable not stable. It was concluded that: (1) sound treatment leads to attainment of ideal occlusal parameters, (2) mandibular intercanine expansion could lead to failure of results, (3) arch length change plays a major role in causing irregularity of mandibular incisors after treatment, and (4) patient education regarding posttreatment orthodontic changes is imperative.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cephalometry; Child; Dental Arch; Dentition; Female; Humans; Incisor; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Malocclusion; Mandible; Orthodontics, Corrective; Recurrence; Regression Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 8338067
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81004-2 -
The American Journal of Anatomy Apr 1990Development of the upper dentition in Alligator mississippiensis was investigated using a close series of accurately staged and aged embryos, hatchlings, and young... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Development of the dentition in Alligator mississippiensis: upper jaw dental and craniofacial development in embryos, hatchlings, and young juveniles, with a comparison to lower jaw development.
Development of the upper dentition in Alligator mississippiensis was investigated using a close series of accurately staged and aged embryos, hatchlings, and young juveniles up to 11 days posthatching, as well as some young and old adult specimens. Studies from scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, acetate and computer reconstructions, radiography and macroscopy were combined to elucidate the details of embryonic dental development, tooth initiation pattern, dentitional growth, and erupted functional dentition. The results were compared with those from the lower jaw and related to the development of other craniofacial structures. Approximately 17 early teeth in each jaw half develop as surface teeth, of which 13 project for 1 to 12 days before sinking into the mesenchyme. The first three teeth initiate directly from the oral epithelium at Ferguson stages 14-15 (days 15-19 after egg laying), before there is any local trace of dental lamina formation. All other teeth develop from a dental prolamina or lamina; and with progressive lamina development, submerged teeth initiate from the aboral end leading to the formation of replacement teeth. All teeth form dentin matrix, but 12 early teeth do not form enamel. Approximately 20 embryonic teeth are resorbed, 6 are transitional, and 42 function for longer periods after hatching. The embryonic tooth initiation pattern (illustrated by defining a tooth position formula) does not support the previous models of Odontostichi, Zahnreihen, and Tooth Families, each of which postulates perfect regularity. Up to three interstitial tooth positions develop between sites of primary tooth initiation, and families with up to five generations at hatching are at first arbitrarily defined.
Topics: Alligators and Crocodiles; Animals; Dentition; Facial Bones; Mandible; Maxilla; Reptiles; Skull; Tooth
PubMed: 2353674
DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001870407 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... May 2023Prediction of unerupted permanent teeth is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This prediction is done by mixed dentition space analysis... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Prediction of unerupted permanent teeth is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This prediction is done by mixed dentition space analysis based on the estimation of mesiodistal dimensions of unerupted permanent canine and premolars from already erupted permanent teeth. Permanent mandibular incisors are most commonly used for prediction. Recent literature reveals that mandibular incisors are not accurate predictors and other independent variables have been introduced to make a more accurate and precise prediction. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the literature in light of a variety of independent variables and their predictive accuracy.
METHODS
Electronic databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus were searched to identify articles published until September 2021.
RESULTS
The search resulted in a total of 1098 articles, of which 24 papers met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Articles using permanent mandibular incisors only as a predictor were excluded during the eligibility assessment. The results show that various independent variables including mesiodistal and vestibulo-oral dimensions of permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars, molar basal arch length, intermolar distance, maxillary and mandibular arch and gender have been used as predictors to more accurately determine mesiodistal width of unerupted canine and premolars in different populations.
CONCLUSION
Ethnic tooth size variations strongly emphasize the need to determine which independent variable gives a more accurate prediction of unerupted permanent teeth to develop a population-specific prediction model. This will play a significant role in managing space problems and developing malocclusions.
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid; Cuspid; Tooth, Unerupted; Odontometry; Dentition, Permanent; Dentition, Mixed
PubMed: 35420320
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00392-9 -
Archives of Oral Biology Mar 2018Studies have observed the presence of extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease (CD), including involvement of the oral cavity, such that developmental defects... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Studies have observed the presence of extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease (CD), including involvement of the oral cavity, such that developmental defects of enamel (DDE) occur. Thus, the aim of this review was to access the polled prevalence of DDE in individuals with CD, and to establish the strength of the association between these two variables.
METHODS
To carry out the systematic review, four electronic databases and the Grey Literature were searched, complemented by a manual search of reference lists within the selected articles. Two pairs of independent reviewers selected the articles, and perform the data extractions and bias risk assessment Studies evaluating the presence of DDE in individuals with CD as well as in healthy individuals and which performed the DDE diagnosis by direct visualization of tooth enamel changes and the CD diagnosis were included. Meta-analyses were performed using the software R.
RESULTS
Of 557 studies, 45 were selected for review, encompassing 2840 patients. The prevalence of DDE in people with CD was 50% (95% CI 0.44-0.57, I = 88%). In a general analysis, it was observed that patients with CD had a significantly higher prevalence of enamel defects compared to healthy people (RR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.71-3.12, I = 98%). Only developmental defects of enamel diagnosed using Aine's method were associated with the disease (RR: 3.30, 95% CI 2.39-4.56, I = 75%). In a sensitivity analysis involving the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions, only individuals with deciduous dentition were observed to have association with the disease (RR: 2.34, 95% CI 1.25-4.39, I = 39%).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with enamel developmental defects should be screened for the possibility of their having celiac disease.
Topics: Celiac Disease; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 29306074
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.025 -
Journal of Dental Research Jan 2001The neural status of carious teeth, particularly those associated with a painful pulpitis, is largely unknown. This study sought to determine differences in the...
The neural status of carious teeth, particularly those associated with a painful pulpitis, is largely unknown. This study sought to determine differences in the innervation density of human primary and permanent teeth and whether caries or painful pulpitis was associated with anatomical changes in pulpal innervation. Coronal pulps were removed from 120 primary and permanent molars with a known pain history. Teeth were categorized as intact, moderately carious, or grossly carious. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we labeled sections for the general neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5. Using image analysis, we found permanent teeth to be significantly more densely innervated than primary teeth. While there was no significant correlation with reported pain experience, neural density in both dentitions increased significantly with caries. Analysis of these data suggests that caries-induced changes in neural density may be functionally more important in the regulation of pulpal inflammation and healing than in the processing and perception of dental pain.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Dentition, Permanent; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Molar; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pain Measurement; Thiolester Hydrolases; Tooth, Deciduous; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
PubMed: 11269734
DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800011601 -
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part... Mar 2011Classically the oral dentition with teeth regulated into a successional iterative order was thought to have evolved from the superficial skin denticles migrating into... (Review)
Review
Classically the oral dentition with teeth regulated into a successional iterative order was thought to have evolved from the superficial skin denticles migrating into the mouth at the stage when jaws evolved. The canonical view is that the initiation of a pattern order for teeth at the mouth margin required development of a sub-epithelial, permanent dental lamina. This provided regulated tooth production in advance of functional need, as exemplified by the Chondrichthyes. It had been assumed that teeth in the Osteichthyes form in this way as in tetrapods. However, this has been shown not to be true for many osteichthyan fish where a dental lamina of this kind does not form, but teeth are regularly patterned and replaced. We question the evolutionary origin of pattern information for the dentition driven by new morphological data on spatial initiation of skin denticles in the catshark. We review recent gene expression data for spatio-temporal order of tooth initiation for Scyliorhinus canicula, selected teleosts in both oral and pharyngeal dentitions, and Neoceratodus forsteri. Although denticles in the chondrichthyan skin appear not to follow a strict pattern order in space and time, tooth replacement in a functional system occurs with precise timing and spatial order. We suggest that the patterning mechanism observed for the oral and pharyngeal dentition is unique to the vertebrate oro-pharynx and independent of the skin system. Therefore, co-option of a successional iterative pattern occurred in evolution not from the skin but from mechanisms existing in the oro-pharynx of now extinct agnathans.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Dentition; Fishes; Odontogenesis; Pharynx; Tooth
PubMed: 21328527
DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21387