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The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1995Depersonalization is a subjective sense of unreality regarding various aspects of the self, experienced as disconnectedness from one's own body, mentations, feelings, or... (Review)
Review
Depersonalization is a subjective sense of unreality regarding various aspects of the self, experienced as disconnectedness from one's own body, mentations, feelings, or actions. When episodes of depersonalization are recurrent or persistent and lead to distress or dysfunction, the diagnosis of depersonalization disorder is made. Certain similarities in phenomenology, comorbidity, neurochemistry, and treatment response suggest a relationship to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. However, depersonalization is a very poorly studied condition, and any conclusions must be viewed tentatively. Self-injurious behaviors are defined as intentionally self-inflicted bodily injuries without lethal intent. Basic categories are briefly described. Subsequently, the phenomenology and biology of both impulsive and compulsive self-injurious behaviors, and their relationship to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Comorbidity; Depersonalization; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Self Mutilation; Self-Injurious Behavior; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 7713864
DOI: No ID Found -
Biological Psychiatry Jun 1999A case of alcohol-induced depersonalization disorder is presented. The subject had experienced several depersonalization states following the consumption of alcohol...
BACKGROUND
A case of alcohol-induced depersonalization disorder is presented. The subject had experienced several depersonalization states following the consumption of alcohol rather than from a psychogenic etiology, and the episodes were transient, not chronic.
METHODS
Three quantitative EEG (QEEG) studies were performed on the subject, one during the index depersonalization episode and two subsequent studies when the subject was clinically asymptomatic.
RESULTS
Slow wave activity (relative theta power) was significantly increased when symptomatic. This slowing was still present over the occiput 3 days after the symptoms had remitted but was absent 17 days after symptoms had ameliorated.
CONCLUSIONS
The time course of EEG slowing suggests a metabolic encephalopathy, a condition which likely contributes to the manifestations of depersonalization syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cerebral Cortex; Depersonalization; Electroencephalography; Ethanol; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 10356638
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00257-1 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022Depersonalisation disorder (DPD) is a psychopathological condition characterised by a feeling of detachment from one's own body and surrounding, and it is understood as...
Depersonalisation disorder (DPD) is a psychopathological condition characterised by a feeling of detachment from one's own body and surrounding, and it is understood as emerging from the downregulation of interoceptive afferents. However, the precise mechanisms that drive this 'interoceptive silencing' are yet to be clarified. Here we present a computational and neurobiologically plausible model of DPD within the active inference framework. Specifically, we describe DPD as arising from disrupted interoceptive processing at higher levels of the cortical hierarchy where the interoceptive and exteroceptive streams are integrated. We simulated the behaviour of an agent subjected to a situation of high interoceptive activation despite the absence of a perceivable threat in the external environment. The simulation showed how a similar condition, if perceived as inescapable, would result in a downregulation of interoceptive signals, whilst leaving the exteroceptive ones unaffected. Such interoceptive silencing would force the agent to over-rely on exteroceptive information and would ultimately lead to the DPD phenomenology. Finally, our simulation shows that repeated exposure to similar situations over time will lead the agent to increasingly disengage from bodily responses even in the face of a less triggering situation, explaining how a single episode of depersonalization can lead to chronic DPD.
Topics: Depersonalization; Down-Regulation; Heart Rate
PubMed: 36543824
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22277-y -
Psychiatria Danubina Mar 2018French expression standing for the phrase "already seen" is a déjà vu. It is thought that as much as 97% of the population have experienced déjà vu at least once in... (Review)
Review
French expression standing for the phrase "already seen" is a déjà vu. It is thought that as much as 97% of the population have experienced déjà vu at least once in their lifetime and 67% experience it regularly. The explanations of this phenomenon in novels and poems include reincarnation, dreams, organic factors, and unconscious memories. In this narrative review connection between déjà vu and various other conditions has been mentioned: false memories, temporal lobe epilepsy and other neurological conditions. In psychiatric patients déjà vu phenomenon is more often seen in patients with anxiety and people with derealisation/ depersonalization. It seems that temporal region is the origin of déjà vu phenomena in both healthy individuals and in individuals with neurological and psychiatric conditions, but the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is however still unknown. More attention should also be given to déjà vu from philosophical and religious perspectives as well. Déjà vu is still an enigma which could only be revealed with multidisciplinary approach through cooperation between neurologists, brain scientists, psychiatrists and experimental psychologists.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Deja Vu; Depersonalization; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Intersectoral Collaboration; Male; Neurocognitive Disorders; Repression, Psychology
PubMed: 29546854
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2018.21 -
British Medical Journal Nov 1972
Topics: Adolescent; Depersonalization; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Humans; Schizophrenia; Syndrome
PubMed: 4637147
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatry May 1990From a review of the literature on meditation and depersonalization and interviews conducted with six meditators, this study concludes that: 1) meditation can cause...
From a review of the literature on meditation and depersonalization and interviews conducted with six meditators, this study concludes that: 1) meditation can cause depersonalization and derealization; 2) the meanings in the mind of the meditator regarding the experience of depersonalization will determine to a great extent whether anxiety is present as part of the experience; 3) there need not be any significant anxiety or impairment in social or occupational functioning as a result of depersonalization; 4) a depersonalized state can become an apparently permanent mode of functioning; 5) patients with Depersonalization Disorder may be treated through a process of symbolic healing--that is, changing the meanings associated with depersonalization in the mind of the patient, thereby reducing anxiety and functional impairment; 6) panic/anxiety may be caused by depersonalization if catastrophic interpretations of depersonalization are present.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anxiety; Delusions; Depersonalization; Female; Humans; Male; Relaxation Therapy
PubMed: 2191357
DOI: 10.1080/00332747.1990.11024497 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Mar 2013
Topics: Adult; Depersonalization; Emotions; Female; Humans; Medicine in the Arts; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Photography; Symbolism
PubMed: 23450287
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12111413 -
Journal of Consulting and Clinical... Feb 1975
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Depersonalization; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged
PubMed: 1114229
DOI: 10.1037/h0076319 -
Biological Psychiatry Mar 1993Depersonalization and other behavioral and physiological indices were monitored before and after the administration of high- and low-potency marijuana cigarettes and a... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Depersonalization and other behavioral and physiological indices were monitored before and after the administration of high- and low-potency marijuana cigarettes and a placebo cigarette in 35 physically and mentally healthy normal volunteers. The cigarettes were administered under double-blind conditions during three visits to the laboratory separated by a minimum of 1 week. Marijuana smoking, but not placebo smoking, was associated with significant depersonalization that was maximal 30 min after smoking the high-potency cigarettes. Other behavioral changes induced by marijuana included disintegration of time sense, sensation of "high," increased state anxiety, tension, anger, and confusion. Respiration, pulse rate, and systolic blood pressure also increased after marijuana smoking. Multiple regression identified temporal disintegration as the most significant predictor of depersonalization.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Brain; Depersonalization; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Regional Blood Flow; Respiration; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 8490070
DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90171-9 -
History of Psychiatry Jun 1997As with other clinical phenomena, the historical analysis of the term, concepts and behaviours involved in the construction of 'depersonalization' should provide...
As with other clinical phenomena, the historical analysis of the term, concepts and behaviours involved in the construction of 'depersonalization' should provide researchers with an essential frame for its empirical study. Before the term was coined in 1898, and under a variety of names, behaviours typical of 'depersonalization' were reported by Esquirol, Zeller, Billod, and Griesinger. The word 'depersonnalisation, derived from a usage in Amiel's Journal intime, was first used in a technical sense by Ludovic Dugas. The new disorder has since been explained as resulting from pathological changes in the sensory system, memory, affect, body image and self-experience. During the 1930s, evolutionary views became popular, particularly in the work of Mayer-Gross. The unclear conceptual boundaries of depersonalization still invite confusion and often enough fragments of what used to be its core-behaviour are used to diagnose the disorder. Depersonalization has of late become subsumed under the dissociative disorders. The definitional instability of the latter, however, has caused further complications to the study of depersonalization. It is recommended that the term is used to refer only to the original core-behaviour as this has shown adequate stability.
Topics: Depersonalization; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Psychiatry; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 11619439
DOI: 10.1177/0957154X9700803002