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Comprehensive Psychiatry 2011Prevalence and clinical correlates of depersonalization symptoms have been associated with panic disorder. Personality traits might increase the likelihood of...
BACKGROUND
Prevalence and clinical correlates of depersonalization symptoms have been associated with panic disorder. Personality traits might increase the likelihood of experiencing depersonalization symptoms or depersonalization disorder in panic patients.
AIMS
The objectives of this study are to establish the prevalence of depersonalization symptoms during the panic attack and in depersonalization disorder and to examine the personality factors associated with the presence of depersonalization in patients with panic disorder.
METHODS
The sample comprised 104 consecutive adult outpatients with panic disorder, diagnosed according to the Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Axis I/II disorders). Participants were assessed with the Cambridge Depersonalization Scales, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale.
RESULTS
Forty-eight percent of the sample had depersonalization symptoms during the panic attack, whereas 20% of patients had a depersonalization disorder. Women presented more depersonalization disorders than did men (P = .036). Patients with panic disorder with depersonalization disorder had a more severe panic disorder (P = .002). Logistic regression analysis showed that self-transcendence trait (odds ratio, 1.089; 95% confidence interval, 1.021-1.162; P = .010) and severity of panic (odds ratio, 1.056; 95% confidence interval, 1.005-1.110; P = .032) were independently associated with depersonalization disorder.
CONCLUSIONS
A high prevalence of depersonalization symptoms and depersonalization disorder was confirmed in patients with panic disorder, supporting a dosage effect model for understanding depersonalization pathology. Self-transcendence trait and severity of panic disorder were reported as risk factors for depersonalization disorder.
Topics: Adult; Comorbidity; Depersonalization; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Outpatients; Panic Disorder; Personality; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 21683177
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.09.002 -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Jul 1970
Review
Topics: Adult; Brain; Depersonalization; Female; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Middle Aged; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychological Theory; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors
PubMed: 4920886
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Nervenarzt Jul 2006In his classic overview, Mayer-Gross indicated two clinical features of depersonalization to be taken as starting points for future investigation: excessive difficulty... (Review)
Review
In his classic overview, Mayer-Gross indicated two clinical features of depersonalization to be taken as starting points for future investigation: excessive difficulty in describing it and its relatively rare appearance in organic disorders. Neither characteristic has so far been discussed sufficiently in psychopathology and neurobiology. In this article, we examine the language aspect of depersonalization by comparisons with aphasia, in which the two objects of study described by Mayer-Gross, speech and organic disorders, intertwine. Concerning amnestic aphasia, Gelb and Goldstein insist that an object cannot be grasped as a generally understood fact using a categorical attitude but only experienced subjectively in its this-ness with a concrete attitude. The particular experience of depersonalization is the reverse of that in amnestic aphasia, as the relation of the depersonalized patient to this-ness is disturbed but an ideal view of the generality remains.
Topics: Anomia; Brain Diseases; Depersonalization; Female; Humans; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological
PubMed: 16523352
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-006-2066-2 -
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and... 2002Depersonalization and derealization are commonly reported in the general population as a response to stress. The symptoms have also been described in patients with a... (Review)
Review
Depersonalization and derealization are commonly reported in the general population as a response to stress. The symptoms have also been described in patients with a primary psychiatric or organic diagnosis, where their secondary status precludes a DSM-IV diagnosis of depersonalization disorder. The authors present 4 new cases of depersonalization in patients with an underlying organic condition, along with 47 cases from the literature in which the available information permits diagnosis of organic depersonalization. Information from case series documenting depersonalization in the context of medical illnesses is also presented and the underlying etiology discussed. Epilepsy and migraine appear to be the disorders most commonly associated with depersonalization. Left-sided temporal lobe dysfunction and anxiety are suggested as factors in the development of depersonalization; however, further studies are needed to determine the relationship. The introduction to the DSM-IV of an organic subtype of depersonalization disorder would facilitate research in this area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Depersonalization; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Stress, Psychological; Temporal Lobe; Vertigo
PubMed: 11983788
DOI: 10.1176/jnp.14.2.141 -
The Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and... Dec 1986Depersonalization is a comparatively rare disease in the psychiatric field. Particularly, its occurrence in early adolescence or even before seems to be quite uncommon....
Depersonalization is a comparatively rare disease in the psychiatric field. Particularly, its occurrence in early adolescence or even before seems to be quite uncommon. We have observed 120 cases of depersonalization, of which only 16 cases had their onset before the age of 15. Among them, we will present here 6 cases for which a detailed observation was available. It is very difficult for these minors to put their feeling into verbal expressions because the experience of depersonalization is a "negative symptom." Adult patients can explain metaphorically how they feel. However, children can use only similes. Therefore, in the case of depersonalization, children have more difficulty in expressing their feeling than adults. This might cause to clinically overlook depersonalization in children. Even in our observation of the cases reported here, we found after a while that their complaints actually meant experiences of depersonalization, although their explanations were at first obscure. These 6 cases showed common personality traits that they are passive in interpersonal relationship and that they easily become frustrated or hold a sense of inferiority even at trifles.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Depersonalization; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Psychotherapy; Self Concept
PubMed: 3599562
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1986.tb03174.x -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Sep 2005Although the literature on depersonalization (DP) indicates links between DP and anxiety disorders, there has been no systematic investigation of the association of DP... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Although the literature on depersonalization (DP) indicates links between DP and anxiety disorders, there has been no systematic investigation of the association of DP with social anxiety. The present study explores a hypothesized connection between DP and social anxiety by using correlative and regression analyses in a sample of 116 psychotherapy inpatients, 54 outpatients with epilepsy, and 31 nonpatients. Corresponding to our hypothesis, we found a connection of medium to large effect size between DP and social fears exceeding the impact of general psychopathologic symptom severity both for the psychotherapy patients and the nonpatients. The association of social anxiety with DP merits further research. A general consideration of DP in clinical and neurobiological trials on anxiety disorders like social phobia is warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Depersonalization; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Dissociative Disorders; Epilepsy; Female; Germany; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Personality Inventory; Phobic Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy; Regression Analysis; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 16131947
DOI: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000178038.87332.ec -
Psychiatry Research Sep 2022The dissociative disorders and germane conditions are reliably characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. However, it remains unclear whether...
The dissociative disorders and germane conditions are reliably characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. However, it remains unclear whether atypical responsiveness to suggestion is similarly present in depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD). 55 DDD patients and 36 healthy controls completed a standardised behavioural measure of direct verbal suggestibility that includes a correction for compliant responding (BSS-C), and psychometric measures of depersonalization-derealization (CDS), mindfulness (FFMQ), imagery vividness (VVIQ), and anxiety (GAD-7). Relative to controls, patients did not exhibit elevated suggestibility (g = 0.26, BF = .11) but displayed significantly lower mindfulness (g = 1.38), and imagery vividness (g = 0.63), and significantly greater anxiety (g = 1.39). Although suggestibility did not correlate with severity of depersonalization-derealization symptoms in controls, r = -.03 [95% CI: -.36, .30], there was a weak tendency for a positive association in patients, r = .25, [95% CI: -.03, .48]. Exploratory analyses revealed that patients with more severe anomalous bodily experiences were also more responsive to suggestion, an effect not seen in controls. This study demonstrates that DDD is not characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. These results have implications for the aetiology and treatment of this condition, as well as its classification as a dissociative disorder in psychiatric nosology.
Topics: Anxiety; Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Suggestion
PubMed: 35870293
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114730 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly 1981
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Depersonalization; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
PubMed: 7330135
DOI: 10.1007/BF01070099 -
Psychiatry Research May 2012A significant association between anxiety and depersonalization has been found in healthy controls and psychiatric patients irrespective of underlying conditions....
A significant association between anxiety and depersonalization has been found in healthy controls and psychiatric patients irrespective of underlying conditions. Although patients with depersonalization disorder (DPD) often have a history of severe anxiety symptoms, clinical observations suggest that the relation between anxiety and depersonalization is complex and poorly understood. Using relevant rating scales, levels of anxiety and depersonalization were assessed in 291 consecutive DPD cases. 'High' and 'low' depersonalization groups, were compared according to anxiety severity. Correlation and multivariate regression analyses were also used to assessed the contribution of anxiety to the phenomenology and natural course of depersonalization. A low but significant association between depersonalization and anxiety (as measured by Beck's Anxiety Inventory) was only apparent in those patients with low intensity depersonalization, but not in those with severe depersonalization. Levels of anxiety did not seem to make specific contributions to the clinical features of depersonalization itself, although DPD patients with high anxiety seem characterised by additional non-specific perceptual symptoms. The presence of a 'statistical dissociation' between depersonalization and anxiety adds further evidence in favour of depersonalization disorder being an independent condition and suggests that its association with anxiety has been overemphasized.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Depersonalization; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 22414660
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.017 -
Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social... Jan 2023Previous research shows that virtual reality (VR) users may experience symptoms of depersonalization/derealization (DPDR) immediately after use. However, the impact of...
Previous research shows that virtual reality (VR) users may experience symptoms of depersonalization/derealization (DPDR) immediately after use. However, the impact of long-term VR use on these symptoms has not been analyzed so far. In a preregistered study, we conducted an online survey among a bigger sample of VR users ( = 754) to investigate the relationship between time of use during the past 6 months and the presence of DPDR symptoms. The results support the absence of a linear association between time of VR use and the presence of symptoms, when controlling for other factors. DPDR symptoms are more frequent among younger female users and in those who experience higher levels of embodiment during use. Secondary analyses show that symptoms are more common among newer users and among those who engage in longer sessions. These findings suggest that current common VR experiences are not a cause of long-term DPDR symptoms for the majority of users, yet also encourage further research about specific cases where VR use might trigger DPDR experiences in the long term.
Topics: Humans; Female; Depersonalization; Cross-Sectional Studies; Virtual Reality; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36595349
DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0152