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Lakartidningen
Review
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Exercise Therapy; History, 20th Century; Humans; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 23540034
DOI: No ID Found -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Feb 2008Despite the high prevalence of depressive disorders in cancer patients and elderly people, the topic of depression in elderly cancer patients still remains unexplored.... (Review)
Review
Despite the high prevalence of depressive disorders in cancer patients and elderly people, the topic of depression in elderly cancer patients still remains unexplored. This emerges from a systematic review of the literature conducted to investigate issues of depression, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment and their complex neuroimmunobiological interactions. Indeed, it becomes apparent that depression in elderly patients with cancer may have a peculiar phenomenology. In addition, the moderate rate of major depressive disorder and the high rate of minor depressive disorder are accompanied by subthreshold forms of depression that are at risk to be underrecognized and untreated. Immune dysfunction may represent a common pathogenic ground of depression, cancer and aging. This may have important implications for treatment. In the near future, we need to develop validated mood disorder diagnoses and verify antidepressant treatment efficacy for elderly cancer patients with depression in order to improve their clinical outcome and quality of life.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Suicide
PubMed: 18068997
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.10.005 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2004
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Cost of Illness; Denmark; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Health Care Costs; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 15101118
DOI: No ID Found -
Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis 2013Early onset depression, regarding its high prevalence and debilitating effects on development, is considered to be one of the major mental illness in children and... (Review)
Review
Early onset depression, regarding its high prevalence and debilitating effects on development, is considered to be one of the major mental illness in children and adolescents. Most commonly is recurrent and continues in adulthood. Factors determining vulnerability to depression can be grouped into following categories: genetics, familial environment, personal characteristics and severe stress. Main risk factors include: being a female, family history of depression, subclinical symptoms, negative cognitive style, negative life events. Common symptoms of depression can be different in children and teens than they are in adults. Often occur with atypical features. The diagnosis might be problematic as it often relays on the observation of children's dysfunctions. Therefore treatment of major depression in children and adolescents is considered difficult. It is important to estimate all the features that underlie the symptoms, their persistence, and then implement proper therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Medical History Taking; Prevalence; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 24734332
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2005Numerous animal models of depression have been advanced, each having multiple attributes and some limitations. This review provides caveats concerning etiologically... (Review)
Review
Numerous animal models of depression have been advanced, each having multiple attributes and some limitations. This review provides caveats concerning etiologically valid animal models of depression, focusing on characteristics of the depressive subtype being examined (e.g. typical vs atypical major depression, dysthymia, melancholia), and factors that contribute to the interindividual behavioral variability frequently evident in stressor-related behavioral paradigms. These include the stressor type (processive vs systemic stressors), and characteristics of the stressor (controllability, predictability, ambiguity, chronicity, intermittence), as well as organismic variables (genetic, age, sex), experiential variables (stressor history, early life events) and psychosocial and personality factors that moderate stressor reactivity. Finally, a model of depression is reviewed that evaluates the effects of stressors on hedonic processes, reflected by responding for rewarding brain stimulation. Anhedonia is a fundamental feature of depression, and assessment of stressor-related reductions in the rewarding value of brain stimulation, especially when coupled with other potential symptoms of depression, provides considerable face, construct and predictive validity. Stressful events markedly impact rewarding brain stimulation, and this effect varies across strains of mice differentially reactive to stressors, is modifiable by antidepressant treatments, and allows for analyses of the contribution of different brain regions to anhedonic processes. The paradigm is sensitive to several factors known to acts as moderators of stress responses, but analyses remain to be conducted with regard to several such variables.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Individuality; Personality; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors
PubMed: 15925696
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.007 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Jun 1998To review the literature regarding the purported association between oral ingestion of beta-blocker drugs and depressed mood. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature regarding the purported association between oral ingestion of beta-blocker drugs and depressed mood.
DATA SOURCE
MEDLINE was searched for published articles using the key words propranolol, atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, timolol, beta-blocker, beta-adrenergic antagonist, or beta-adrenergic blocker in combination with the key words depression, depressive symptomatology, major depressive disorder, or depressed mood from January 1966 through December 1996.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Findings regarding the association are equivocal. Plausible explanations include study design, case definition, and confounding disease states. Most of the evidence supporting an association has used case series and case reports. Findings from cross-sectional observational studies and case-control studies are equivocal. Case definition and measurement instruments may partially explain these inconsistencies. Studies using a diagnosis of depression generally do not support the relationship. Trials using depressive symptoms are about evenly split, but they have generally enrolled a small number of patients and have questionable statistical power. Studies defining antidepressant prescriptions dispensed as a marker for depression generally support the association. Evidence exists both for and against the hypothesis that lipophilic beta-blockers cause more depression than do hydrophilic beta-blockers.
CONCLUSIONS
beta-Blockers may have been unjustly associated with depression and their use avoided for that reason. Future studies into the association between depression and beta-blocker use should evaluate whether the association is affected by case definition and study design characteristics, including disease, dose-response, bias, measurement error, or ability to precisely measure the length of the exposure.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Research Design
PubMed: 9640490
DOI: 10.1345/aph.17185 -
Recenti Progressi in Medicina Jan 2007In old age, depression mainly affects those with chronic medical illness, severe disability or mental decline. Depression in elderly worsens the outcomes of many medical... (Review)
Review
In old age, depression mainly affects those with chronic medical illness, severe disability or mental decline. Depression in elderly worsens the outcomes of many medical illness and increases mortality. Age-related processes, including arteriosclerosis, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, may compromise the integrity of prefrontostriatal pathways and amygdala leading to increased vulnerability to depression. Environmental factors, such as impoverishment, isolation, relocation, caregiving and bereavement, contribute to further increase susceptibility to depression or triggering depression in already vulnerable elderly people. Suitable treatment of depression in elderly reduces the symptoms, prevents suicidal ideation, improves cognitive and functional status and helps patients to develop the skills needed to cope with their disability or psychosocial adversity. Prevention of depression in given pathological conditions may greatly improve the outcomes, mostly the recovery of function and quality of life, as well as the mortality risk. Therefore, it should be considered the opportunity of a depression prophylaxis, particularly in those circumstances in which the risk of depression is noteworthy increased, such as stroke, cancer, institutionalization, etc.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans
PubMed: 17345879
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Affective Disorders Dec 2000This review discusses the prevalence and characteristics of depression in childhood and adolescence. Depression in this age group is a major public health concern, but... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the prevalence and characteristics of depression in childhood and adolescence. Depression in this age group is a major public health concern, but is often under-recognised and dismissed as 'growing pains'. Interviewing the patient and their parents is essential for accurate diagnosis and structured interviews may be helpful. Prevalence increases with age. Risk of recurrence is high and is influenced by family conflict. Childhood onset depression has a 60-70% risk of continuing into adulthood and 20-40% develop bipolar disorder within 5 years. The nature of the disorder is affected by family history and symptoms vary with age. Comorbidity is common and influences treatment choice and long-term outcome. It is hoped that complications such as poor academic performance, impaired social functioning, and substance abuse may be prevented by early intervention.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Prevalence; Psychology, Adolescent
PubMed: 11155967
DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00284-6 -
Depression and Anxiety 2000Although DSM-IV acknowledged the clinical significance of some subthreshold forms of unipolar depression, such as minor depression (MinD) and recurrent brief depression... (Review)
Review
Although DSM-IV acknowledged the clinical significance of some subthreshold forms of unipolar depression, such as minor depression (MinD) and recurrent brief depression (RBD), clinicians continued to struggle with the concept of "subthreshold" depression. A substantial number of patients continued to present with depressive symptoms that still did not satisfy any DSM-IV diagnosis. Generally, these patients failed to complain of anhedonia and depressed mood, a criterion that DSM-IV mandates for any diagnosis of depression. Therefore, researchers reexamined the question of whether this cluster of depressive symptoms, in the absence of anhedonia and depressed mood, was clinically significant. Some researchers labeled this cluster of symptoms, "subsyndromal symptomatic depression" (SSD). Specifically, SSD is defined as a depressive state having two or more symptoms of depression of the same quality as in major depression (MD), excluding depressed mood and anhedonia. The symptoms must be present for more than 2 weeks and be associated with social dysfunction. Using Medline Search, the authors reviewed the literature on the epidemiology, demographics, clinical characteristics, and psychosocial impairment of SSD. SSD is found to be comparable in demographics and clinical characteristics to MD, MinD, and dysthymia. SSD is also associated with significant psychosocial dysfunction as compared with healthy subjects. Further; it has significant risk for suicide and future MD. Few studies have been conducted on the treatment of SSD. The high prevalence of SSD, the significant psychosocial impairment associated with it, and the chronicity of its course make subsyndromal symptomatic depression a matter for serious consideration by clinicians and researchers.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Cost of Illness; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Dysthymic Disorder; Health Resources; Humans; Models, Psychological; Odds Ratio; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Syndrome; United States
PubMed: 10999243
DOI: 10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:1<30::AID-DA4>3.0.CO;2-P -
Oncology Nursing Forum May 2000To describe neurologic and cognitive alterations underlying symptoms of depression and to explore cognitive-behavioral approaches to promoting recovery from... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To describe neurologic and cognitive alterations underlying symptoms of depression and to explore cognitive-behavioral approaches to promoting recovery from cancer-related depression.
DATA SOURCES
Published literature, unpublished raw data, and clinical observations.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Depression is a progressive condition that is most responsive to treatment in its earliest stages because of the progressive nature of alterations in neurologic circuits and neurotransmitters. Aggressive screening and management using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques can promote recovery from cancer-related depression and improve patients' quality of life. Application of CBT techniques to patient environments also holds promise of relieving and preventing depression.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
By placing more emphasis on screening for cancer-related depression among newly diagnosed and treated patients, oncology nurses can expedite treatment of cancer-related depression. Working within psychiatric liaison teams or guidelines for routine psychiatric care, oncology nurses can promote recovery and create therapeutic environments that are conducive to promoting patients' mental health along the cancer trajectory.
Topics: California; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Maine; Models, Psychological; Neoplasms; Nursing Assessment
PubMed: 10833695
DOI: No ID Found