-
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2023Depersonalization-Derealization disorder (DDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent feelings of detachment from one's self and of unreality about the... (Review)
Review
Depersonalization-Derealization disorder (DDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent feelings of detachment from one's self and of unreality about the outside world. This review aims to examine the prevalence of DDD amongst different populations. A systematic review protocol was developed before literature searching. Original articles were drawn from three electronic databases and included only studies where prevalence rates of DDD were assessed by standardized diagnostic tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Twenty-three papers were identified and categorized into three groups of participants: general population, mixed in/outpatient samples, and patients with specific disorders. The prevalence rates ranged from 0% to 1.9% amongst the general population, 5-20% in outpatients and 17.5-41.9% in inpatients. In studies of patients with specific disorders, prevalence rates varied: 1.8-5.9% (substance abuse), 3.3-20.2% (anxiety), 3.7-20.4% (other dissociative disorders), 16.3% (schizophrenia), 17% (borderline personality disorder), ~50% (depression). The highest rates were found in people who experienced interpersonal abuse (25-53.8%). The prevalence rate of DDD is around 1% in the general population, consistent with previous findings. DDD is more prevalent amongst adolescents and young adults as well as in patients with mental disorders. There is also a possible relationship between interpersonal abuse and DDD, which merits further research.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Depersonalization; Prevalence; Dissociative Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35699456
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2079796 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2017The purpose of this study was to examine the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed adolescents by...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed adolescents by evaluating evidence for the depersonalization/derealization dissociative subtype of PTSD as defined by the DSM-5 and then examining a broader set of dissociation symptoms.
METHOD
A sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed adolescents 12 to 16 years old (N = 3,081) from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set was used to meet the study objectives. Two models of PTSD/dissociation co-occurrence were estimated using latent class analysis, one with 2 dissociation symptoms and the other with 10 dissociation symptoms. After model selection, groups within each model were compared on demographics, trauma characteristics, and psychopathology.
RESULTS
Model A, the depersonalization/derealization model, had 5 classes: dissociative subtype/high PTSD; high PTSD; anxious arousal; dysphoric arousal; and a low symptom/reference class. Model B, the expanded dissociation model, identified an additional class characterized by dissociative amnesia and detached arousal.
CONCLUSION
These 2 models provide new information about the specific ways PTSD and dissociation co-occur and illuminate some differences between adult and adolescent trauma symptom expression. A dissociative subtype of PTSD can be distinguished from PTSD alone in adolescents, but assessing a wider range of dissociative symptoms is needed to fully characterize adolescent traumatic stress responses.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Models, Statistical; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 29173740
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.425 -
Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 2003
Review
Topics: Depersonalization; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic Drugs; Reference Standards
PubMed: 12877059
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2024Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPD) is characterized by persistent or recurrent experiences of detachment from oneself and surroundings, as well as a sense of... (Review)
Review
Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPD) is characterized by persistent or recurrent experiences of detachment from oneself and surroundings, as well as a sense of unreality. Considering the inadequacy of current research on treatment, we performed a systematic review of the available pharmacotherapies, neuromodulations, and psychotherapies for DPD. The systematic review protocol was based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines and pre-registered. The PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched from inception to June 2021. All treatments for DPD and all study types, including controlled and observational studies as well as case reports, were assessed. Of the identified 17,540 studies, 41 studies (four randomized controlled trials, one non-randomized controlled trial, 10 case series, and 26 case reports) involving 300 participants met the eligibility criteria. We identified 30 methods that have been applied independently or in combination to treat DPD since 1955. The quality of these studies was considered. The relationship between individual differences, such as symptoms, comorbidities, history, and duration since onset, and treatment effects was explored. The results suggest that a series of treatments, such as pharmacotherapies, neuromodulation, and psychotherapies, could be considered in combination. However, the quality and quantity of studies were generally low considering the high prevalence of DPD. The review concludes with suggestions for future research and an urgent call for more high-quality research.
Topics: Humans; Comorbidity; Depersonalization; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 37431255
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231920 -
Qualitative Health Research Oct 2022Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder is an under-researched condition that is often left out of the larger discourse surrounding mental health and mental illness....
Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder is an under-researched condition that is often left out of the larger discourse surrounding mental health and mental illness. This autoethnography examines the material and discursive tensions that are a product of my experience with Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder. In this critical self-exploration, I use communication privacy management theory, communication theory of resilience, and stigma management communication theory to unpack the communicative negotiations that accompany my disembodied experience, with the overarching goal of spreading awareness about Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder to help others make sense of their own diagnosis.
Topics: Depersonalization; Humans
PubMed: 36045636
DOI: 10.1177/10497323221123763 -
Multisensory Research 2015Patients with an acquired sensory dysfunction may experience symptoms of detachment from self or from the environment, which are related primarily to nonspecific... (Review)
Review
Patients with an acquired sensory dysfunction may experience symptoms of detachment from self or from the environment, which are related primarily to nonspecific symptoms of common mental disorders and secondarily, to the specific sensory dysfunction. This is consistent with the proposal that sensory dysfunction could provoke distress and a discrepancy between the multi-sensory frame given by experience and the actual perception. Both vestibular stimuli and vestibular dysfunction can underlie unreal experiences. Vestibular afferents provide a frame of reference (linear and angular head acceleration) within which spatial information from other senses is interpreted. This paper reviews evidence that symptoms of depersonalization/derealization associated with vestibular dysfunction are a consequence of a sensory mismatch between disordered vestibular input and other sensory signals of orientation.
Topics: Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Orientation; Proprioception; Vestibular Diseases; Vestibule, Labyrinth
PubMed: 26595960
DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002480 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Sep 2022
Topics: Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 36048492
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220573 -
Annals of Clinical and Translational... Sep 2019Depersonalization refers to the sensation of being detached from one's body, often associated with feelings of loss of control over one's own body, actions, or thoughts....
OBJECTIVE
Depersonalization refers to the sensation of being detached from one's body, often associated with feelings of loss of control over one's own body, actions, or thoughts. Derealization refers to the altered perception of one's surroundings that is experienced as unreal. Although usually reported by psychiatric patients suffering from depression or anxiety, single case reports and small case series have described depersonalization- and derealization-like symptoms in the context of epilepsy.
METHODS
We investigated the brain mechanisms of ictal depersonalization- and derealization like symptoms by analyzing clinical and neuropsychological data as well as the epileptogenic zone based on a multimodal approach in a group of patients reporting depersonalization- (n = 9) and derealization-like symptoms (n = 7), from a single presurgical epilepsy center with focal epilepsy. We compared them with a group of control patients with experiential phenomena due to temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 28).
RESULTS
We show that all patients with ictal depersonalization-like symptoms report altered self-identification with their body and mostly suffer from frontal lobe epilepsy with the epileptogenic zone in the dorsal premotor cortex, while patients with derealization-like symptoms suffer from temporal lobe epilepsy. This finding is supported by post-ictal neuropsychological deficits, showing that depersonalization-like symptoms were significantly more often associated with frontal lobe dysfunction as compared to the control patients and patients with derealization-like symptoms.
CONCLUSION
We argue that depersonalization of epileptic origin constitutes a distinct disorder due to frontal lobe epilepsy. We discuss these findings with respect to earlier accounts of depersonalization and the recent concept of bodily self-consciousness.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Depersonalization; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31437864
DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50870 -
Journal of Clinical Psychology Apr 2022Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD) is characterized by diverse symptomatology overlapping with anxiety and dissociative disorders, but the sources of this...
OBJECTIVE
Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD) is characterized by diverse symptomatology overlapping with anxiety and dissociative disorders, but the sources of this variability are poorly understood. This study aims to determine whether symptom heterogeneity is attributable to the presence of latent subgroups.
METHOD
We applied latent profile analysis to psychometric measures of anxiety, depersonalization-derealization, and dissociation in 303 DDD patients.
RESULTS
The analysis yielded evidence for five discrete subgroups: three of varying severity levels and two moderate-to-severe classes characterized by differential dissociative symptoms. The five classes reliably differed on several nondissociative symptoms, comorbidities, and factors precipitating their diagnosis but did not significantly differ in other symptoms including anxiety.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest the presence of three distinct DDD subtypes in the upper severity range that are distinguished by differential expression of detachment and compartmentalization symptoms. Further elucidation of these subtypes has potential implications for the etiology, mechanisms, and treatment of DDD.
Topics: Anxiety; Comorbidity; Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Psychometrics
PubMed: 34487354
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23241 -
PloS One 2018Burnout is a psychological syndrome that is very common among medical residents. It consists of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and reduced personal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Burnout is a psychological syndrome that is very common among medical residents. It consists of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA).
OBJECTIVE
To estimate burnout among different medical residency specialties.
METHODS
A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of bibliographic databases and grey literature was conducted, from inception to March 2018. The following databases were accessed: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus, and 3,575 studies were found. Methodological quality was evaluated by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methodology Checklist for Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study. In the final analysis, 26 papers were included. Their references were checked for additional studies, but none were included.
RESULTS
4,664 medical residents were included. High DP, EE and low PA proportions were compared. Specialties were distributed into three groups of different levels of burnout prevalence: general surgery, anesthesiology, obstetrics/gynecology and orthopedics (40.8%); internal medicine, plastic surgery and pediatrics (30.0%); and otolaryngology and neurology (15.4%). Overall burnout prevalence found for all specialties was 35.7%.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of burnout syndrome was significantly higher among surgical/urgency residencies than in clinical specialties.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42018090270.
Topics: Burnout, Psychological; Depersonalization; Humans; Internal Medicine; Internship and Residency; Physicians; Prevalence; Specialties, Surgical
PubMed: 30418984
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206840