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Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Sep 2007Recent work in teleosts has renewed interest in the dermomyotome, which was initially characterized in the late 19th century. We review the evidence for the teleost... (Review)
Review
Recent work in teleosts has renewed interest in the dermomyotome, which was initially characterized in the late 19th century. We review the evidence for the teleost dermomyotome, comparing it to the more well-characterized amniote dermomyotome. We discuss primary myotome morphogenesis, the relationship between the primary myotome and the dermomyotome, the differentiation of axial muscle, appendicular muscle, and dermis from the dermomyotome, and the signaling molecules that regulate myotome growth from myogenic precursors within the dermomyotome. The recognition of a dermomyotome in teleosts provides a new perspective on teleost muscle growth, as well as a fruitful approach to understanding the vertebrate dermomyotome.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Dermis; Developmental Biology; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Fishes; Models, Anatomic; Models, Biological; Muscles; Signal Transduction; Zebrafish
PubMed: 17654604
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21253 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Carnosine is an endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide endowed with antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties, which is able to significantly prevent the visible...
Carnosine is an endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide endowed with antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties, which is able to significantly prevent the visible signs of aging and photoaging. To investigate the mechanism of action of carnosine on human skin proteome, a 3D scaffold-free spheroid model of primary dermal fibroblasts from a 50-year-old donor was adopted in combination with quantitative proteomics for the first time. The label free proteomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, integrated with network analyses, provided a highly sensitive and selective method to describe the human dermis spheroid model during long-term culture and upon carnosine treatment. Overall, 2171 quantified proteins allowed the in-depth characterization of the 3D dermis phenotype during growth and differentiation, at 14 versus 7 days of culture. A total of 485 proteins were differentially regulated by carnosine at 7 days, an intermediate time of culture. Of the several modulated pathways, most are involved in mitochondrial functionality, such as oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, extracellular matrix reorganization and apoptosis. In long-term culture, functional modules related to oxidative stress were upregulated, inducing the aging process of dermis spheroids, while carnosine treatment prevented this by the downregulation of the same functional modules. The application of quantitative proteomics, coupled to advanced and relevant in vitro scaffold free spheroids, represents a new concrete application for personalized therapies and a novel care approach.
Topics: Carnosine; Dermis; Humans; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Oxidative Stress; Proteomics; Spheroids, Cellular
PubMed: 35163388
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031468 -
Biomaterials Oct 2011Tissue engineering and transplantation of autogenic grafts have been widely investigated for solving problems on current allograft treatments (i.g., donor shortage and...
Tissue engineering and transplantation of autogenic grafts have been widely investigated for solving problems on current allograft treatments (i.g., donor shortage and rejection). However, it is difficult to obtain an autogenic corneal stromal replacement that is composed of transparent, tough, and thick collagen constructs by current cell culture-based tissue engineering. Aim of this study is to develop transparent dermis for an autogenic corneal stroma transplantation. This study examined dehydration at 4-8°C and carbodiimide cross-linking on cloudy rabbit dermis (approx. 1.8%-3.8% light transmittance at 550 nm) for dermis optical clearing. Transparency of dehydrated rabbit dermis was founded to be approx. 37.9%-41.4% at 550 nm. Additional cross-linking treatment on dehydrated dermis prevented from swelling and clouding in saline, and improved its transparency to be 56.9% at 550 nm. Rabbit corneal epithelium was found to regenerate on optically cleared dermis in vitro. Furthermore, no abnormal biological response (i.e., inflammation, vascularization, and the barrier defect of epithelia) or no optical functional change on optically cleared dermis was observed during its 4-week autogenic transplantation into rabbit corneal stromal pocket.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Corneal Stroma; Corneal Transplantation; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dermis; Epithelium, Corneal; Humans; Implants, Experimental; Materials Testing; Rabbits; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 21715003
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.081 -
Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods Sep 2015Spatial information has been shown to be critical for cell differentiation and function. Therefore, a better understanding of skin microstructures is very important for...
Spatial information has been shown to be critical for cell differentiation and function. Therefore, a better understanding of skin microstructures is very important for biomimetic and bioengineered scaffolds of engineering skin. The purpose of the study was to generate collagen/elastin-based three-dimensional (3D) images of human dermis to further understand the microstructures of the skin, which is believed to be helpful in the fabrication of bionic engineered skin. Skin samples were fixed, embedded, serially sectioned, stained with aldehyde-fuchsin, and photographed as serial panoramas. Dermal subregions were divided according to dermal depth and distance to hair follicle. The porosity, pore diameters, and wall thickness of human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) were measured by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Three-dimensional reconstructed images of collagen and elastic fibers were generated. Our results showed that there were fewer elastic fibers in the subregions close to hair follicles than in the subregions far away from hair follicles (p<0.001), but the collagen fibers were evenly distributed. Both collagen and elastic fibers were found in fewer numbers in the layers either close to the epidermis or close to the hypodermis. The mean proportions of collagen fibers and elastic fibers in the whole dermis were 28.96%±14.63% and 8.06%±3.75%, respectively. The porosity of ADM calculated by micro-CT was 68.3%±5.8%. The mean pore diameter of ADM was 131.2±96.8 μm, and the wall thickness of pores was 207.2±251.7 μm. This study represents for the first time that 3D histological cutaneous structures have been presented, which may be helpful for the next generation of skin engineering.
Topics: Adult; Dermis; Elasticity; Hair Follicle; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Porosity; Staining and Labeling; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 25781868
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2014.0578 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering May 2023Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of... (Review)
Review
Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of mechanisms in tissue engineering, the proliferation of HFs in vitro has achieved more promising trust for the treatments of alopecia and other skin impairments. Theoretically, HF organoids have great potential to develop into native HFs and attachments such as sweat glands after transplantation. However, since the rich extracellular matrix (ECM) deficiency, the induction characteristics of skin-derived cells gradually fade away along with their trichogenic capacity after continuous cell passaging in vitro. Therefore, ECM-mimicking support is an essential prelude before HF transplantation is implemented. This review summarizes the status of providing various epidermal and dermal cells with a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold to support the cell homeostasis and better mimic in vivo environments for the sake of HF regeneration. HF-relevant cells including dermal papilla cells (DPCs), hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to be induced to form HF organoids in the vitro culture system. The niche microenvironment simulated by different forms of biomaterial scaffold can offer the cells a network of ordered growth environment to alleviate inductivity loss and promote the expression of functional proteins. The scaffolds often play the role of ECM substrates and bring about epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) through coculture to ensure the functional preservation of HF cells during in vitro passage. Functional HF organoids can be formed either before or after transplantation into the dermis layer. Here, we review and emphasize the importance of 3D culture in HF regeneration in vitro. Finally, the latest progress in treatment trials and critical analysis of the properties and benefits of different emerging biomaterials for HF regeneration along with the main challenges and prospects of HF regenerative approaches are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Hair Follicle; Dermis; Regeneration; Alopecia; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37036820
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00028 -
BioMed Research International 2016Electrically layered tissue structure significantly modifies distribution of radiofrequency (RF) current in the dermis and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue comparing...
Electrically layered tissue structure significantly modifies distribution of radiofrequency (RF) current in the dermis and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue comparing to that in a homogeneous medium. On the basis of the simple model of RF current distribution in a two-layer skin containing dermis and subcutis, we assess the influence of the dermal thickness on the current density in different skin layers. Under other equal conditions, current density in the dermis is higher for the skin having thinner dermis. This contradicts the main paradigm of the RF theory stating that treatment results are mainly dependent on the maximal temperature reached in a target tissue, since the best short- and long-term clinical results of RF application to the skin were reported in the areas having thicker dermis. To resolve this contradiction, it is proposed that the long-term effect of RF can be realized through a structural modification of the subcutaneous fat depot adjacent to the treated skin area. Stimulation of these cells located near the interface dermis/subcutis will demand the concentration of applied RF energy in this area and will require the optimal arrangement of RF electrodes on the skin surface.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Dermis; Electrodes; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment; Skin; Temperature
PubMed: 27493952
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1953203 -
Journal of Biomechanics Mar 2009Dermis is a heterogeneous tissue in which extracellular matrix components change in relative amount and spatial assembly across the tissue thickness. The effect of the...
Dermis is a heterogeneous tissue in which extracellular matrix components change in relative amount and spatial assembly across the tissue thickness. The effect of the microstructural and compositional heterogeneities on the overall mechanical response of dermis is, however, largely ignored. In this work, we aimed at gaining a better insight into the effect of extracellular matrix microstructure and composition on the mechanical behaviour of different dermal strata by combining mechanical analysis and selective enzymatic digestion of extracellular matrix components. The dynamical-mechanical tests we performed on bovine dermal splits show that the upper dermal stratum, which is richer in papillary dermis, is characterized by higher mechanical properties than the lower one, which is almost composed of reticular dermis. Moreover, the depletion of interfibrillar proteins, proteoglycans and glycosamminoglycans decreases the dynamic moduli of dermis, especially at small frequencies. Of the two dermal layers tested, the upper dermal layer is more sensitive to the enzymatic treatment than the lower layer. Interestingly, the disruption of the elastic network greatly influenced the viscoelastic properties of upper dermis, inducing a dramatic decrease of both storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli, suggesting that the spatial assembly of the elastin and collagen networks as well as their mutual interactions dominate the dynamical mechanical response of the tissue.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dermis; Elasticity; Female; Microscopy, Confocal
PubMed: 19159885
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.12.004 -
Kaibogaku Zasshi. Journal of Anatomy Dec 1999In this study, the morphometric differences of the different dermis regions during the development of the human fetus were investigated. The different dermis regions,...
In this study, the morphometric differences of the different dermis regions during the development of the human fetus were investigated. The different dermis regions, namely, cranial, femoral and plantar (sole) parts of 40 fetuses which were between 12th-23.5th week gestation age were obtained from maternity hospital and after the routine H&E histological procedure, the measurement was performed with ocular micrometer. The first sharp increase was observed in the dermis of cranial region. It has been suggested that the thickness of the dermis is dependent on the collagen and elastic fibres, but the flexibility of the dermis is dependent on the number and the structure of the elastic fibres. The early beginning of the increase of the dermis thickness in the cranial part may be due to the effect of the cranio-caudal stimulation on the production of the collagen and elastic fibres in the embryonic term.
Topics: Dermis; Gestational Age; Humans
PubMed: 10659580
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the American Osteopathic... Mar 2015
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Dermis; Herpes Zoster; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Male
PubMed: 25722364
DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2015.034 -
Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Jan 2004Neural crest melanoblasts display unique navigational abilities enabling them to colonize the dorsal path between ectoderm and somite. One signal shown here to elicit...
Neural crest melanoblasts display unique navigational abilities enabling them to colonize the dorsal path between ectoderm and somite. One signal shown here to elicit melanoblast migration is a chemotactic cue supplied by the emerging dermis. Until dermis emerges, melanoblasts fail to enter the dorsal path. The dermis emerges from a site that is too distant to stimulate migration by cell contact. Instead, surgeries show that dermis elicits migration from a distance. When dermis is grafted distally, neural crest cells enter the path precociously. Moreover, large grafts recruit melanoblasts from the control sides (without increasing crest cell numbers) as well as a few crest cells from ventral somite. Because other grafted tissues fail to stimulate migration, the dermis stimulus is specific. This report is the first documentation that trunk neural crest cells can be guided chemotactically. It also extends evidence that migration is exquisitely sensitive to temporal-spatial patterns of somite morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 229:99-108, 2004.
Topics: Animals; Cell Movement; Chemotaxis; Chick Embryo; Dermis; Melanocytes; Neural Crest; Quail; Somites; Stem Cells; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 14699581
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10492