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Veterinary Microbiology Jun 2017Despite the recent global increase in fatal endemic outbreaks of proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracelluralis...
Despite the recent global increase in fatal endemic outbreaks of proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracelluralis (LI) in the swine industry, development of effective prevention strategies or immunodiagnostic tests has been delayed due to the difficulty of cultivating this pathogen in vitro. Although several genetic analyses have been performed at the level of gene transcription after the complete genome sequence of LI was made available, the mechanism of LI infection and virulence genes remain unidentified. In the present study, we assessed the antigenic features of the LI0004 protein, which we putatively defined as Lawsonia hemolysin A (LhlyA), by employing bioinformatics tools and in vivo and in vitro protein-based molecular assays. The amino acid sequence of LhlyA showed approximately 60% homology to the hemolysin-like proteins of Bilophila wadsworthia and Desulfovibrio piger. Presence of computationally predicted linear antigenic B-cell epitopes on the LhlyA protein was demonstrated by immunoblotting; a band with a molecular mass corresponding to the predicted size of the protein was strongly recognized by sera collected from artificially infected mice. Further, in an in vivo cytotoxicity assay, no splenomegaly was observed in mice inoculated with purified LhlyA. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that the LhlyA protein is a highly immuno-reactive antigen of L. intracellullaris and can potentially be used to develop effective protection strategies against PE.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Female; Hemolysin Proteins; Lawsonia Bacteria; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Sequence Alignment; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 28622862
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.05.007 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental disorder that affects pregnant women around the world, with serious consequences for mothers, families, and children. Its...
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental disorder that affects pregnant women around the world, with serious consequences for mothers, families, and children. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and medications for treating PPD that can be used during lactation remain to be identified. 919 syrup (919 TJ) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of postpartum depression in both clinical and experimental studies. The mechanism of action of 919 TJ is unclear. 919 syrup is ingested orally, making the potential interaction between the drug and the gut microbiome impossible to ignore. We therefore hypothesized that 919 syrup could improve the symptoms of postpartum depression by affecting the structure and function of the intestinal flora, thereby altering hippocampal metabolism. We compared changes in hippocampal metabolism, fecal metabolism, and intestinal microflora of control BALB/c mice, mice with induced untreated PPD, and mice with induced PPD treated with 919 TJ, and found that 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus corresponded with PPD behaviors. Based on changes in GABA levels, multiple key gut bacterial species ( sp.2.1.33B and sp. CAG:755) were associated with PPD. Metabolic markers that may represent the function of the intestinal microbiota in mice with PPD were identified (Met-Arg, urocanic acid, thioetheramide-PC, L-pipecolic acid, and linoleoyl ethanolamide). The relationship between these factors is not a simple one-to-one correspondence, but more likely a network of staggered functions. We therefore believe that the composition and function of the entire intestinal flora should be emphasized in research studying the gut and PPD, rather than changes in the abundance of individual bacterial species. The introduction of this concept of "GutBalance" may help clarify the relationship between gut bacteria and systemic disease.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Bifidobacterium; Depression, Postpartum; Desulfovibrio; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pregnancy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 34490139
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.694443 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology May 2002We have searched for sulfate-reducing bacteria in the feces of 41 healthy individuals and 110 patients from a Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit using a specific liquid...
We have searched for sulfate-reducing bacteria in the feces of 41 healthy individuals and 110 patients from a Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit using a specific liquid medium (Test-kit Labège, Compagnie Française de Géothermie, Orléans, France). The 110 patients were separated in 22 patients presenting with inflammatory bowel diseases and 88 patients hospitalized for other lower (n=30) or upper (n=58) digestive tract diseases. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from 10 healthy individuals (24%), 15 patients presenting with inflammatory bowel diseases (68%), and 33 patients with other symptoms (37%). A multiplex PCR was devised for the identification of Desulfovibrio piger (formerly Desulfomonas pigra), Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and applied to the above isolates. The strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria consisted of D. piger (39 isolates), D. fairfieldensis (19 isolates) and D. desulfuricans (one isolate). The prevalence of D. piger was significantly higher in inflammatory bowel disease patients (55%) as compared to healthy individuals (12%) or patients with other symptoms (25%) (P<0.05).
PubMed: 19709217
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00942.x -
Endocrinology Oct 2017Recently, the gastrointestinal microbiome, and its metabolites, has emerged as a potential regulator of host metabolism. However, to date little is known on the precise...
Recently, the gastrointestinal microbiome, and its metabolites, has emerged as a potential regulator of host metabolism. However, to date little is known on the precise mechanisms of how this regulation occurs. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is abundantly produced in the colon by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). H2S is a bioactive gas that plays regulatory roles in many systems, including metabolic hormone regulation. This gas metabolite is produced in close proximity to the glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1)-secreting cells in the gut epithelium. GLP-1 is a peptide hormone that plays pivotal roles in both glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation. We hypothesized that H2S can directly regulate GLP-1 secretion. We demonstrated that H2S donors (NaHS and GYY4137) directly stimulate GLP-1 secretion in murine L-cells (GLUTag) and that this occurs through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase without affecting cell viability. We then increased SRB in mice by supplementing the diet with a prebiotic chondroitin sulfate for 4 weeks. Mice treated with chondroitin sulfate had elevated Desulfovibrio piger levels in the feces and increased colonic and fecal H2S concentration. These animals also had enhanced GLP-1 and insulin secretion, improved oral glucose tolerance, and reduced food consumption. These results indicate that H2S plays a stimulatory role in GLP-1 secretion and that sulfate prebiotics can enhance GLP-1 release and its downstream metabolic actions.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Chondroitin Sulfates; Colon; DNA, Bacterial; Desulfovibrio; Eating; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hydrogen Sulfide; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mice; Morpholines; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Prebiotics; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sulfides
PubMed: 28977605
DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00391 -
Neuro Endocrinology Letters 2015The aim of our work was to evaluate effect of selected salicylamides on cell viability of sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 isolated from the human...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of our work was to evaluate effect of selected salicylamides on cell viability of sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 isolated from the human large intestine, as well as to assess antimicrobial activity and biological properties of these compounds.
METHODS
Microbiological, biochemical, biophysical methods, and statistical processing of the results were used.
RESULTS
An antimicrobial activity and biological properties of salicylamides against intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria was studied. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized selected salicylamides was performed against D. piger Vib-7. Adding 0.37-1.10 µmol.L(-1) (N-(4-bromophenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide, 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide, 5-chloro-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide, 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-(4-nitrophenyl)benzamide and 4-chloro-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide) caused decrease in biomass accumulation by 8-53, 64-66, 49-50, 82-90, 43-46% compared to control, respectively. The studied compounds completely inhibited the growth of D. piger Vib-7 under the effect of 30 µmol.L(-1). Moreover, addition of the compounds in the culture medium inhibited the process of dissimilation sulfate dose dependently. Treatment with salicylamides led to the bacterial growth inhibition which correlated with the level of inhibition of sulfate reduction. The data on relative survival of D. piger Vib-7 cells and cytotoxicity of salicylamides are consistent to our research in previous series of the biomass accumulation experiments.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant cytotoxic activity under the influence of salicylamides was determined. These results are consistent with a data on bacterial growth and inhibition process of dissimilation sulfate. The strongest cytotoxic effect of the derivatives was observed in compounds of 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide and 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-(4-nitrophenyl)benzamide which showed low survival and high toxicity rates.
Topics: Desulfovibrio; Humans; Intestine, Large; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Salicylamides
PubMed: 26757109
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Jan 2019Oral glucosamine sulfate (GS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), while widely marketed as joint-protective supplements, have limited intestinal absorption and are...
Oral glucosamine sulfate (GS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), while widely marketed as joint-protective supplements, have limited intestinal absorption and are predominantly utilized by gut microbiota. Hence the effects of these supplements on the gut microbiome are of great interest, and may clarify their mode of action, or explain heterogeneity in therapeutic responses. We conducted a systematic review of animal and human studies reporting the effects of GS or CS on gut microbial composition. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases for journal articles in English from database inception until July 2018, using search terms microbiome, microflora, intestinal microbiota/flora, gut microbiota/flora and glucosamine or chondroitin. Eight original articles reported the effects of GS or CS on microbiome composition in adult humans (four articles) or animals (four articles). Studies varied significantly in design, supplementation protocols, and microbiome assessment methods. There was moderate-quality evidence for an association between CS exposure and increased abundance of genus in the murine and human gut, and low-quality evidence for an association between CS exposure and an increase in species, an increase in family, and a decrease in . We discuss the possible metabolic implications of these changes for the host. For GS, evidence of effects on gut microbiome was limited to one low-quality study. This review highlights the importance of considering the potential influence of oral CS supplements on gut microbiota when evaluating their effects and safety for the host.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Chondroitin Sulfates; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucosamine; Humans
PubMed: 30704054
DOI: 10.3390/nu11020294 -
BMC Bioinformatics Sep 2016The explosive growth of microbiome research has yielded great quantities of data. These data provide us with many answers, but raise just as many questions. 16S rDNA-the...
BACKGROUND
The explosive growth of microbiome research has yielded great quantities of data. These data provide us with many answers, but raise just as many questions. 16S rDNA-the backbone of microbiome analyses-allows us to assess α-diversity, β-diversity, and microbe-microbe associations, which characterize the overall properties of an ecosystem. However, we are still unable to use 16S rDNA data to directly assess the microbe-microbe and microbe-environment interactions that determine the broader ecology of that system. Thus, properties such as competition, cooperation, and nutrient conditions remain insufficiently analyzed. Here, we apply predictive community metabolic models of microbes identified with 16S rDNA data to probe the ecology of microbial communities.
RESULTS
We developed a methodology for the large-scale assessment of microbial metabolic interactions (MMinte) from 16S rDNA data. MMinte assesses the relative growth rates of interacting pairs of organisms within a community metabolic network and whether that interaction has a positive or negative effect. Moreover, MMinte's simulations take into account the nutritional environment, which plays a strong role in determining the metabolism of individual microbes. We present two case studies that demonstrate the utility of this software. In the first, we show how diet influences the nature of the microbe-microbe interactions. In the second, we use MMinte's modular feature set to better understand how the growth of Desulfovibrio piger is affected by, and affects the growth of, other members in a simplified gut community under metabolic conditions suggested to be determinant for their dynamics.
CONCLUSION
By applying metabolic models to commonly available sequence data, MMinte grants the user insight into the metabolic relationships between microbes, highlighting important features that may relate to ecological stability, susceptibility, and cross-feeding. These relationships are at the foundation of a wide range of ecological questions that impact our ability to understand problems such as microbially-derived toxicity in colon cancer.
Topics: Bacteria; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolism; Microbiota; Models, Biological; Software; Species Specificity
PubMed: 27590448
DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1230-3 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Jun 2012The relative abundance of different groups of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in faecal DNA collected before and after therapy from patients suffering from Crohn's...
The relative abundance of different groups of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in faecal DNA collected before and after therapy from patients suffering from Crohn's disease (CD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or ulcerative colitis (UC) has been compared with that from healthy controls. Growth tests revealed that SRB were not more abundant in samples from patients with CD before treatment than in the healthy control group. For most of the 128 samples available, these preliminary results were confirmed using degenerate PCR primers that amplify the dsrAB gene. However, some samples from patients with CD before treatment contained a growth inhibitor that was absent from IBS or UC samples. In-depth sequencing of PCR-generated dsrB fragments revealed that the diversity detected was surprisingly low, with only eight strains of SRB and the sulphite-reducing bacterium, Bilophila wadsworthia, detected above the 0.1% threshold. The proportion of the two major species detected, B. wadsworthia and Desulfovibrio piger, was as high as 93.5% of the total SRB population in the healthy control group and lower in all patient groups. Four previously undescribed species were found: it is impossible to predict whether they are sulphate or sulphite-reducing bacteria.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biota; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Human Experimentation; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Metagenome; Oxidation-Reduction; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sulfates
PubMed: 22309113
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00935.x -
Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 2014The investigation of specific activity of ATP sulfurylase and kinetic properties of the enzyme in cell-free extracts of intestinal bacterial strains Desulfovibrio piger...
The investigation of specific activity of ATP sulfurylase and kinetic properties of the enzyme in cell-free extracts of intestinal bacterial strains Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 and Desulfomicrobium sp. Rod-9 is presented. The microbiological, biochemical, biophysical and statistical methods were used in the work. The optimal temperature (35°C) and pH 8.0-8.5 for enzyme reaction were determined. An analysis of kinetic properties of ATP sulfurylase has been carried out. Initial (instantaneous) reaction velocity (V0), maximum amount of the product of reaction (Pmax), the reaction time (half saturation period, τ) and maximum velocity of the ATP sulfurylase reaction (Vmax) have been defined. Michaelis constants (Km(Sulfate), Km(ATP), Km(APS), and Km(Pyrophosphate)) of the enzyme reaction were demonstrated for both D. piger Vib-7 and Desulfomicrobium sp. Rod-9 intestinal bacterial strains.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Bacterial Proteins; Desulfovibrio; Diphosphates; Enzyme Assays; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestine, Large; Kinetics; Subcellular Fractions; Substrate Specificity; Sulfate Adenylyltransferase; Sulfates; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria; Temperature
PubMed: 25816613
DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.06.129 -
Acta Biochimica Polonica 2015Phosphotransacetylase activity and the kinetic properties of the enzyme from intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio piger and Desulfomicrobium sp. has never...
Phosphotransacetylase activity and the kinetic properties of the enzyme from intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio piger and Desulfomicrobium sp. has never been well-characterized and has not been studied yet. In this paper, the specific activity of phosphotransacetylase and the kinetic properties of the enzyme in cell-free extracts of both D. piger Vib-7 and Desulfomicrobium sp. Rod-9 intestinal bacterial strains were presented at the first time. The microbiological, biochemical, biophysical and statistical methods in this work were used. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme reaction was determined. Analysis of the kinetic properties of the studied enzyme was carried out. Initial (instantaneous) reaction velocity (V0), maximum amount of the product of reaction (Pmax), the reaction time (half saturation period, τ) and maximum velocity of the phosphotransacetylase reaction (Vmax) were defined. Michaelis constants (Km) of the enzyme reaction (3.36 ± 0.35 mM for D. piger Vib-7, 5.97 ± 0.62 mM for Desulfomicrobium sp. Rod-9) were calculated. The studies of the phosphotransacetylase in the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction and kinetic properties of this enzyme in intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria, their production of acetate in detail can be perspective for clarification of their etiological role in the development of the humans and animals bowel diseases. These studies might help in predicting the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, by providing further details on the etiology of bowel diseases which are very important for the clinical diagnosis of these disease types.
Topics: Bacteria; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestines; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphate Acetyltransferase; Sulfates; Temperature
PubMed: 25781158
DOI: 10.18388/abp.2014_845