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Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... Jan 2017The field of psychology has done a remarkable job discovering the ways people differ from one another in their abilities and talents, but has long neglected the diverse... (Review)
Review
The field of psychology has done a remarkable job discovering the ways people differ from one another in their abilities and talents, but has long neglected the diverse ways people can unleash those capacities. There is no plausible mechanism by which our genes directly encode skills like how to dribble a basketball, play the violin, or solve an algebraic equation. We are not born knowing how to write a sonnet or flip an omelet. On the contrary, all human expertise-even at the far-right tail of the distribution-depends on experience and training. A more accurate understanding of the development of high achievement should inspire people to push beyond their perceived and often self-imposed limits to reach heights they never would have imagined possible. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1365. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1365 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Topics: Achievement; Humans; Motor Skills; Professional Competence; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 26372618
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1365 -
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology Oct 2017Psychology must confront the bias in its broad literature toward the study of participants developing in environments unrepresentative of the vast majority of the...
Psychology must confront the bias in its broad literature toward the study of participants developing in environments unrepresentative of the vast majority of the world's population. Here, we focus on the implications of addressing this challenge, highlight the need to address overreliance on a narrow participant pool, and emphasize the value and necessity of conducting research with diverse populations. We show that high-impact-factor developmental journals are heavily skewed toward publishing articles with data from WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations. Most critically, despite calls for change and supposed widespread awareness of this problem, there is a habitual dependence on convenience sampling and little evidence that the discipline is making any meaningful movement toward drawing from diverse samples. Failure to confront the possibility that culturally specific findings are being misattributed as universal traits has broad implications for the construction of scientifically defensible theories and for the reliable public dissemination of study findings.
Topics: Child; Cultural Diversity; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Humans; Population Groups; Psychology, Developmental; Research Design; Selection Bias; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 28575664
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.04.017 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Apr 2018The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry's Annual Research Review (ARR) is a must-read special issue of the journal that presents a series of major reviews of key...
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry's Annual Research Review (ARR) is a must-read special issue of the journal that presents a series of major reviews of key topics in the field. This year the ARR consists of eight reviews, each accompanied by a commentary from a leading expert in the field, on a diverse range of topics addressing, in complementary ways, the key role of the environment in child psychopathology and in leveraging change in the service of prevention and intervention. Topics include epigenetics, stress physiology, neonatal imaging, interparental conflict, bullying, autism treatments and suicide. The papers considered together represent the very best of contemporary child psychology and psychiatry research.
Topics: Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Gene-Environment Interaction; Humans; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 29574739
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12904 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2018Culture is a human universal, yet it is a source of variation in human psychology, behaviour and development. Developmental researchers are now expanding the...
Culture is a human universal, yet it is a source of variation in human psychology, behaviour and development. Developmental researchers are now expanding the geographical scope of research to include populations beyond relatively wealthy Western communities. However, culture and context still play a secondary role in the theoretical grounding of developmental psychology research, far too often. In this paper, we highlight four false assumptions that are common in psychology, and that detract from the quality of both standard and cross-cultural research in development. These assumptions are: (i) , that empirical uniformity is evidence for universality, while any variation is evidence for culturally derived variation; (ii) , that Western populations represent a normal and/or healthy standard against which development in all societies can be compared; (iii) , that population-level differences in developmental timing or outcomes are necessarily due to something lacking among non-Western populations; and (iv) , that using identical research methods will necessarily produce equivalent and externally valid data, across disparate cultural contexts. For each assumption, we draw on cultural evolutionary theory to critique and replace the assumption with a theoretically grounded approach to culture in development. We support these suggestions with positive examples drawn from research in development. Finally, we conclude with a call for researchers to take reasonable steps towards more fully incorporating culture and context into studies of development, by expanding their participant pools in strategic ways. This will lead to a more inclusive and therefore more accurate description of human development.This article is part of the theme issue 'Bridging cultural gaps: interdisciplinary studies in human cultural evolution'.
Topics: Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cultural Evolution; Humans; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 29440524
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0059 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jun 2023Up to one third of all stroke patients suffer from one or more psychosocial impairments. Recognition and treatment of these impairments are essential in improving...
BACKGROUND
Up to one third of all stroke patients suffer from one or more psychosocial impairments. Recognition and treatment of these impairments are essential in improving psychosocial well-being after stroke. Although nurses are ideally positioned to address psychosocial well-being, they often feel insecure about providing the needed psychosocial care. Therefore, we expect that providing nurses with better knowledge to deliver this care could lead to an improvement in psychosocial well-being after stroke. Currently it is not known which interventions are effective and what aspects of these interventions are most effective to improve psychosocial well-being after stroke.
OBJECTIVE
To identify potentially effective interventions - and intervention components - which can be delivered by nurses to improve patients' psychosocial well-being after stroke.
METHODS
A systematic review and data synthesis of randomized controlled trials and quasi experimental studies was conducted. Papers were included according to the following criteria: 1) before-after design, 2) all types of stroke patients, 3) interventions that can be delivered by nurses, 4) the primary outcome(s) were psychosocial. PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Cochrane library were searched (August 2019-April 2022). Articles were selected based on title, abstract, full text and quality. Quality was assessed by using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and a standardized data extraction form developed by Joanna Brigss Institute was used to extract the data.
RESULTS
In total 60 studies were included, of which 52 randomized controlled trials, three non-randomized controlled trials, four quasi-experimental studies, and one randomized cross-over study. Nineteen studies had a clear psychosocial content, twenty-nine a partly psychosocial content, and twelve no psychosocial content. Thirty-nine interventions that showed positive effects on psychosocial well-being after stroke were identified. Effective intervention topics were found to be mood, recovery, coping, emotions, consequences/problems after stroke, values and needs, risk factors and secondary prevention, self-management, and medication management. Active information and physical exercise were identified as effective methods of delivery.
DISCUSSION
The results suggest that interventions to improve psychosocial well-being should include the intervention topics and methods of delivery that were identified as effective. Since effectiveness of the intervention can depend on the interaction of intervention components, these interactions should be studied. Nurses and patients should be involved in the development of such interventions to ensure it can be used by nurses and will help improve patients' psychosocial well-being.
FUNDING AND REGISTRATION
This study was supported by the Taskforce for Applied Research SIA (RAAK.PUB04.010). This review was not registered.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke; Psychosocial Functioning; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37084476
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104492 -
Child Development Nov 2018Bjorklund synthesizes promising research directions in developmental psychology using an evolutionary framework. In general terms, we agree with Bjorklund: Evolutionary...
Bjorklund synthesizes promising research directions in developmental psychology using an evolutionary framework. In general terms, we agree with Bjorklund: Evolutionary theory has the potential to serve as a metatheory for developmental psychology. However, as currently used in psychology, evolutionary theory is far from reaching this potential. In evolutionary biology, formal mathematical models are the norm. In developmental psychology, verbal models are the norm. In order to reach its potential, evolutionary developmental psychology needs to embrace formal modeling.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Psychology, Developmental; Research
PubMed: 29336023
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13021 -
Journal of Clinical Child and... 2017It is critical for psychologists to gain a better understanding about the intersection between sleep and developmental psychopathology. However, while many strive to...
It is critical for psychologists to gain a better understanding about the intersection between sleep and developmental psychopathology. However, while many strive to answer the question of whether sleep causes developmental psychopathology, or vice versa, ultimately the relationship between sleep and developmental psychopathology is complex and dynamic. This article considers future directions in the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology that go beyond this mechanistic question, highlighting areas important to address for clinicians and researchers who strive to better understand how best to serve children and adolescents with developmental psychopathology. Questions are presented about what is normal in terms of sleep across development, the role of individual variability in terms of sleep needs and vulnerability to sleep loss, and how sleep may serve as a risk or resilience factor for developmental psychopathology, concluding with considerations for interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Forecasting; Humans; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Developmental; Psychopathology; Sleep
PubMed: 27880041
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1236727 -
Health Promotion International Aug 2018In response to the ever-increasing longevity in Western societies, old age has been divided into two different periods, labelled the third and fourth age. Where the...
In response to the ever-increasing longevity in Western societies, old age has been divided into two different periods, labelled the third and fourth age. Where the third age, with its onset at retirement, mostly involves positive aspects of growing old, the fourth age involves functional decline and increased morbidity. This article focuses on the entry to the third age and its potential for health promotion initiatives. Well-being is an important factor to emphasize in such health promotion, and this article views the lifestyle of third agers as essential for their well-being. The structural developmental theory of Robert Kegan delineates how a person's way of knowing develops throughout the life course. This theory is an untapped and salient perspective for health promotion initiatives in the third age. This article outlines Kegan's approach as a tool for developing psychologically spacious health promotion, and suggests future directions for research on the topic.
Topics: Aged; Health Promotion; Humans; Psychological Theory; Psychology, Developmental; Quality of Life
PubMed: 28082372
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daw104 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Jun 2020Gilead et al.'s theory presupposes that traversing temporal, spatial, social, and hypothetical distances are largely interchangeable acts of mental travel that co-occur...
Gilead et al.'s theory presupposes that traversing temporal, spatial, social, and hypothetical distances are largely interchangeable acts of mental travel that co-occur in human ontogeny. Yet, this claim is at odds with recent developmental data suggesting that children's reasoning is differentially affected by the dimension which they must traverse, and that different representational abilities underlie travel across different dimensions.
Topics: Brain; Child; Humans; Problem Solving; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 32645798
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X19003078 -
Advances in Child Development and... 2018
Topics: Attention; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Cognition; Humans; Neurosciences; Psychological Theory; Psychology, Developmental; Public Policy; Social Environment
PubMed: 29455868
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2407(18)30009-0