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Development and Psychopathology Oct 2022Although variable-oriented analyses are dominant in developmental psychopathology, researchers have championed a person-oriented approach that focuses on the individual...
Although variable-oriented analyses are dominant in developmental psychopathology, researchers have championed a person-oriented approach that focuses on the individual as a totality. This view has methodological implications and various person-oriented methods have been developed to test person-oriented hypotheses. Configural frequency analysis (CFA) has been identified as a prime method for a person-oriented analysis of categorical data. CFA searches for configurations in cross-classifications and asks whether the number of observed cases is larger (CFA type) or smaller (CFA antitype) than expected under a probability model. The present study introduces a combination of CFA and model-based recursive partitioning (MOB) to test for type/antitype heterogeneity in the population. MOB CFA is well suited to detect complex moderation processes and can distinguish between subpopulation and population types/antitypes. Model specifications are discussed for first-order CFA and prediction CFA. Results from two simulation studies suggest that MOB CFA is able to detect moderation processes with high accuracy. Two empirical examples are given from school mental health research for illustrative purposes. The first example evaluates heterogeneity in student behavior types/antitypes, the second example focuses on the effect of a teacher classroom management intervention on student behavior. An implementation of the approach is provided in R.
Topics: Humans; Psychology, Developmental; Psychopathology
PubMed: 33750489
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579421000018 -
Advances in Child Development and... 2015
Topics: Brain; Child; Child Development; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 25735948
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2407(15)00010-5 -
New Directions For Child and Adolescent... Jul 2020Although developmental science has always been evolving, these times of fast-paced and profound social and scientific changes easily lead to disorienting fragmentation...
Although developmental science has always been evolving, these times of fast-paced and profound social and scientific changes easily lead to disorienting fragmentation rather than coherent scientific advances. What directions should developmental science pursue to meaningfully address real-world problems that impact human development throughout the lifespan? What conceptual or policy shifts are needed to steer the field in these directions? The present manifesto is proposed by a group of scholars from various disciplines and perspectives within developmental science to spark conversations and action plans in response to these questions. After highlighting four critical content domains that merit concentrated and often urgent research efforts, two issues regarding "how" we do developmental science and "what for" are outlined. This manifesto concludes with five proposals, calling for integrative, inclusive, transdisciplinary, transparent, and actionable developmental science. Specific recommendations, prospects, pitfalls, and challenges to reach this goal are discussed.
Topics: Biobehavioral Sciences; Humans; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 32960503
DOI: 10.1002/cad.20359 -
The American Psychologist Sep 2018García Coll et al.'s (1996) integrative model was a landmark article for developmental science, and for psychology more broadly, in outlining the multitude of social...
García Coll et al.'s (1996) integrative model was a landmark article for developmental science, and for psychology more broadly, in outlining the multitude of social and cultural factors at play when seeking to understand the development of racial/ethnic minority children. The time is ripe to not only take stock of those advances but also evaluate the integrative model in the context of present-day research practice within developmental psychology, and psychology more broadly. The purpose of this article is to bring a systemic perspective to developmental science through a discussion of current practices in the field. To do so, we examine invisibility, or how dominant practices serve to overlook, silence, or dismiss knowledge produced by and for racial/ethnic minority populations. Guided by the interpretive framework of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991), we discuss three key questions: From whose vantage point is research conducted? What types of questions are valued? And who gets left out? We then conclude with recommendations for changes in practices for individuals, institutions, and the field at large. Importantly, although our analysis is largely grounded in research and practices in developmental psychology, it is also highly relevant to psychological science as a whole. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Humans; Institutional Practice; Minority Groups; Psychology, Developmental; Research
PubMed: 30188168
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000294 -
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Oct 2018Previous research has found that the categorization of emotional facial expressions is influenced by a variety of factors, such as processing time, facial mimicry,...
Previous research has found that the categorization of emotional facial expressions is influenced by a variety of factors, such as processing time, facial mimicry, emotion labels, and perceptual cues. However, past research has frequently confounded these factors, making it impossible to ascertain how adults use this varied information to categorize emotions. The current study is the first to explore the magnitude of impact for each of these factors on emotion categorization in the same paradigm. Participants (N = 102) categorized anger and disgust emotional facial expressions in a novel computerized task, modeled on similar tasks in the developmental literature with preverbal infants. Experimental conditions manipulated (a) whether the task was time-restricted, and (b) whether the labels "anger" and "disgust" were used in the instructions. Participants were significantly more accurate when provided with unlimited response time and emotion labels. Participants who were given restricted sorting time (2s) and no emotion labels tended to focus on perceptual features of the faces when categorizing the emotions, which led to low sorting accuracy. In addition, facial mimicry related to greater sorting accuracy. These results suggest that when high-level (labeling) categorization strategies are unavailable, adults use low-level (perceptual) strategies to categorize facial expressions. Methodological implications for the study of emotion are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Emotions; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Male; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 28880097
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000364 -
Pediatric Exercise Science May 2016Exercise has long been reputed to have beneficial effects on cognitive processes and emotional stability, with obvious applications to lifespan developmental issues in... (Review)
Review
Exercise has long been reputed to have beneficial effects on cognitive processes and emotional stability, with obvious applications to lifespan developmental issues in mental health. Over the last 20 years, animal studies have provided potential mechanisms for this link in neurophysiological terms. Only a very small number of studies have applied this model to well-controlled child and adolescent studies of psychological development, with such studies necessarily requiring collaboration across the fields of exercise science and developmental psychology. In this paper, I outline why the field is now well positioned to increase this effort. Core to this argument is an outline of historical reasons for a (somewhat still active) resistance to this integrative perspective within developmental psychology and a brief synopsis of the countering evidence, followed by a summary of how advances in electrophysiology now make such studies highly accessible and reasonable in terms of cost and convenience.
Topics: Brain; Child; Evoked Potentials; Exercise; Humans; Pediatrics; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 27137168
DOI: 10.1123/pes.2016-0028 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Oct 2015
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropology, Cultural; Child; Child Development; Humans; Pedigree; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 26454763
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.018 -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Mar 2022Research has linked executive function (EF) deficits to many of the behavioral symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Evidence of the involvement... (Review)
Review
Research has linked executive function (EF) deficits to many of the behavioral symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Evidence of the involvement of EF impairment in ADHD is corroborated by accumulating neuroimaging studies, specifically functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. However, in recent years, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become increasingly popular in ADHD research due to its portability, high ecological validity, resistance to motion artifacts, and cost-effectiveness. While numerous studies throughout the past decade have used fNIRS to examine alterations in neural correlates of EF in ADHD, a qualitative review of the reliability of these findings compared with those reported using gold-standard fMRI measurements does not yet exist. The current review aims to fill this gap in the literature by comparing the results generated from a qualitative review of fNIRS studies (children and adolescents ages 6-16 years old) to a meta-analysis of comparable fMRI studies and examining the extent to which the results of these studies align in the context of EF impairment in ADHD. The qualitative analysis of fNIRS studies of ADHD shows a consistent hypoactivity in the right prefrontal cortex in multiple EF tasks. The meta-analysis of fMRI data corroborates altered activity in this region and surrounding areas during EF tasks in ADHD compared with typically developing controls. These findings indicate that fNIRS is a promising functional brain imaging technology for examining alterations in cortical activity in ADHD. We also address the disadvantages of fNIRS, including limited spatial resolution compared with fMRI.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Psychology, Developmental; Reproducibility of Results; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
PubMed: 34185132
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01288-2 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Dec 2017Data sharing has come of age. Long expected as a professional courtesy but rarely honored, data sharing is now highlighted in codes of ethics, supported by research...
Data sharing has come of age. Long expected as a professional courtesy but rarely honored, data sharing is now highlighted in codes of ethics, supported by research communities, required by leading funding organizations, and variously encouraged and mandated by journals and even publishers. These developments reveal how sharing generates many benefits, all of which go to the integrity of the scientific process. Yet, sharing remains a complex phenomenon. This Editorial explains the journal’s response to the publisher’s mandate to establish an appropriate data sharing policy for the Journal of Youth and Adolescence. It describes the need to balance the benefits of sharing with its costs for authors publishing in multidisciplinary, developmental science journals like this one. For this journal and at this time, that balance leads us to err on the side of caution, which means supporting those who created their data and not coercing public sharing as a condition for publishing. This approach recognizes authors’ reliance on a wide variety of data, the needs of differentially situated authors, the requirements of robust peer review, and the potential harms that can come from editors’ unilateral sharing mandates.
Topics: Adolescent; Editorial Policies; Humans; Information Dissemination; Periodicals as Topic; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 28905163
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0741-1 -
Developmental Science Sep 2020We review the support for, and criticisms of, the teleological stance theory, often described as a foundation for goal-directed action understanding early in life. A... (Review)
Review
We review the support for, and criticisms of, the teleological stance theory, often described as a foundation for goal-directed action understanding early in life. A major point of contention in the literature has been how teleological processes and assumptions of rationality are represented and understood in infancy, and this debate has been largely centered on three paradigms. Visual habituation studies assess infant's abilities to retrospectively assess teleological processes; the presence of such processes is supported by the literature. Rational imitation is a phenomenon that has been questioned both theoretically and empirically, and there is currently little support for this concept in the literature. The involvement of teleological processes in action prediction is unclear. To date, the ontology of teleological processes remains unspecified. To remedy this, we present a new action-based theory of teleological processes (here referred to as the embodied account of teleological processes), based on the development of goal-directed reaching with its origin during the fetal period and continuous development over the first few months of life.
Topics: Goals; Habits; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Infant; Male; Perception; Psychology, Child; Psychology, Developmental; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32304172
DOI: 10.1111/desc.12970