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The Journal of Pediatrics Oct 2021
Topics: Adolescent; COVID-19; Child; Family; Humans; Pandemics; Parent-Child Relations; Psychosocial Functioning; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34224744
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.082 -
Quarterly Journal of Experimental... 2016Positive mood ameliorates several cognitive processes: It can enhance cognitive control, increase flexibility, and promote variety seeking in decision making. These...
Positive mood ameliorates several cognitive processes: It can enhance cognitive control, increase flexibility, and promote variety seeking in decision making. These effects of positive mood have been suggested to depend on frontostriatal dopamine, which is also associated with the detection of novelty. This suggests that positive mood could also affect novelty detection. In the present study, children and adults saw either a happy or a neutral movie to induce a positive or neutral mood. After that, they were shown novel and familiar images. On some trials a beep was presented over headphones either at the same time as the image or at a 200-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and the task of the participant was to detect these auditory targets. Children were slower in responding than adults. Positive mood, however, speeded responses, especially in children, and induced facilitatory effects of novelty. These effects were consistent with increased arousal. Although effects of novelty were more consistent with an attentional response, in children who had watched a happy movie the novel images evoked a more liberal response criterion, suggestive of increased arousal. This suggests that mood and novelty may affect response behaviour stronger in children than in adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age Factors; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Attention; Bias; Child; Decision Making; Female; Happiness; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photic Stimulation; Psychology, Developmental; Reaction Time; Visual Analog Scale; Young Adult
PubMed: 25692224
DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1019520 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Dec 2019This paper discusses the notion of language games as cultural practices in children's early linguistic and socio-cognitive development. First, we trace the emergence of...
This paper discusses the notion of language games as cultural practices in children's early linguistic and socio-cognitive development. First, we trace the emergence of this concept in Jerome Bruner's experimental and theoretical work at Oxford University in the 1960s, work that was informed by the thinking of Wittgenstein and Austin, amongst others. Second, we provide a systematic historical account of how Bruner has influenced more recent research traditions in developmental psychology, especially in the field of social cognition. Finally, we hone in on one specific approach within this field developed by the Laboratory for Developmental and Educational Studies in Psychology at the University of Milano Bicocca.
Topics: Child; Child Development; Cognition; Culture; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Language; Psychology, Developmental; Social Perception
PubMed: 31020461
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-019-09489-0 -
Personality Disorders Nov 2022Understanding resilience has expanded our knowledge of certain risk and protective factors regarding the development of different forms of psychopathology. Particularly,...
Understanding resilience has expanded our knowledge of certain risk and protective factors regarding the development of different forms of psychopathology. Particularly, a focus on resilience can be used to implement interventions and to target specific behaviors in hopes of mitigating the onset of a disorder or to alleviate symptoms. Less research on resilience has been done with individuals with psychosis, particularly schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Only 1 previous study has targeted individuals assessed for schizotypy. The current study examined associations between resilience and schizotypy features, assessed using self-report measures. Specifically, we compared 3 different resilience measures, social and occupational functioning, and 3 schizotypy measures in 3 different samples: undergraduate students ( = 878), adult community members ( = 120), and an Amazon Mechanical Turk adult community members ( = 329). Data analyses consisted of correlation and regression analyses, including tests for statistical moderation. Specifically, this study found negative associations between schizotypy and both psychosocial functioning and resilience. Although we predicted resilience would moderate the relations between schizotypy and psychosocial functioning, our analyses did not provide support for a moderating role for resilience. We discuss our findings in terms of understanding the relations among schizotypy, resilience, and psychosocial outcome constructs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Psychosocial Functioning; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Psychopathology
PubMed: 35286103
DOI: 10.1037/per0000559 -
Journal of Clinical Child and... 2017Research in the field of pediatric sleep has grown significantly in the past 25 years. However, because much remains to be learned about the complex and dynamic...
Research in the field of pediatric sleep has grown significantly in the past 25 years. However, because much remains to be learned about the complex and dynamic relationship between sleep and developmental psychopathology, this special issue of the Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology was created to provide an influx of cutting-edge research on this important topic. This introduction provides an overview of the special issue, with articles focusing on what different measurement approaches tells us about the intersection of sleep and developmental psychopathology; the overlap between interventions for sleep and anxiety; sleep as a potential mechanism for the development of social, emotional, and behavioral problems; and how population-based studies can be used to consider the interaction between sleep, well-being, and symptoms of psychopathology.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Child; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Developmental; Psychopathology; Risk Factors; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 27768386
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1220316 -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... 2019Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) continue to afflict a significant segment of the clinical and general population, sometimes with fatal consequences. The development of... (Review)
Review
Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) continue to afflict a significant segment of the clinical and general population, sometimes with fatal consequences. The development of SIB seems to share developmental pathways and mechanisms similar to attachment insecurity. To date, no reviews have explored their relationship. A search of publication databases PubMed and PsychInfo from 1969 through April 2018 was conducted and 17 papers met inclusion criteria. Of the 17 articles identified, 13 reported a positive relationship and 1 reported a negative relationship between attachment insecurity and SIB. Both attachment anxiety and avoidance seem to play a role in the risk for SIB, possibly through different mechanisms and likely with different impacts on the choice for either self-harm or suicide attempts.
Topics: Adult; Causality; Child; Child Development; Humans; Object Attachment; Psychology, Developmental; Psychopathology; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 29952724
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1486251 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Dec 2019The philosophy of Bruner transcends traditional boundaries in the study of the human mind with a new kind of psychology, one that frees the thinking mind from its...
The philosophy of Bruner transcends traditional boundaries in the study of the human mind with a new kind of psychology, one that frees the thinking mind from its opposition to feelings and also from the limitations of being considered an 'inside-the-head' phenomenon. It is with active engagement with the outside world that a child develops its understanding. In this engagement with the outside world, the developmental construction of thought is actively created through the use of symbols. The cultural context, images, and languages a person experiences are thus considered to be formative in thinking. Opposing the notion of readiness, Bruner believed children to be capable of complex thought, and the dynamics of these developments were guided by meaning-making. The significance of meaning in Psychology was resurrected in his writing. Furthermore, the notion of narrative as constructive in facilitating the organisation and management of mental processes is invaluable. In this article, we bring a commentary on two articles, one that relates to the study of scaffolding of emotion regulation by parents of adolescents and the other on the narrative understanding of selfhood of individuals with autism.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cognition; Emotional Regulation; Humans; Narration; Philosophy; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 30877559
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-019-09486-3 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jan 2016This opinion piece offers a commentary on the four papers that address the theme of the development of self and other understanding with a view to highlighting the... (Review)
Review
This opinion piece offers a commentary on the four papers that address the theme of the development of self and other understanding with a view to highlighting the important contribution of developmental research to understanding of mechanisms of social cognition. We discuss potential mechanisms linking self-other distinction and empathy, implications for grouping motor, affective and cognitive domains under a single mechanism, applications of these accounts for joint action and finally consider self-other distinction in group versus dyadic settings.
Topics: Affect; Cognition; Empathy; Humans; Psychology, Developmental; Psychomotor Performance; Self Concept; Social Behavior
PubMed: 26644595
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0076 -
Development and Psychopathology May 2023The present study examined patterns of stability and change in loneliness across adolescence. Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin...
The present study examined patterns of stability and change in loneliness across adolescence. Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population-representative cohort of 2,232 individuals born in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was assessed when participants were aged 12 and 18. Loneliness showed modest stability across these ages ( = .25). Behavioral genetic modeling indicated that stability in loneliness was explained largely by genetic influences (66%), while change was explained by nonshared environmental effects (58%). Individuals who reported loneliness at both ages were broadly similar to individuals who only reported it at age 18, with both groups at elevated risk of mental health problems, physical health risk behaviors, and education and employment difficulties. Individuals who were lonely only at age 12 generally fared better; however, they were still more likely to finish school with lower qualifications. Positive family influences in childhood predicted reduced risk of loneliness at age 12, while negative peer experiences increased the risk. Together, the findings show that while early adolescent loneliness does not appear to exert a cumulative burden when it persists, it is nonetheless a risk for a range of concomitant impairments, some of which can endure.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Loneliness; Mental Health; Psychosocial Functioning; Educational Status; Academic Success; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 35109947
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579421001632 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Jun 2017Women undergo developmental and cyclic changes in hormonal exposures that affect brain function and mental health. Some women are more vulnerable to the effects of these... (Review)
Review
Women undergo developmental and cyclic changes in hormonal exposures that affect brain function and mental health. Some women are more vulnerable to the effects of these hormonal exposures, for reasons that remain to be determined. Evidence to date indicates that anxiety and mood disorders are the most sensitive to hormonal fluctuations in women but there is also growing evidence for a protective effect of female reproductive hormones on schizophrenia. The hormonal exposures of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the postpartum period, lactation, and menopause are quite different and may be associated with at least partially distinct symptom profiles.
Topics: Human Development; Humans; Neurosecretory Systems; Psychology, Developmental; Women's Health
PubMed: 28477647
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2017.01.008