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Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Oct 2010About 30% of autistic cases experience developmental regression around 2 years of age. The clinical course and manifestations of autistic children with regression remain...
OBJECTIVE
About 30% of autistic cases experience developmental regression around 2 years of age. The clinical course and manifestations of autistic children with regression remain unclear. This study investigated the clinical features of a group of autistic children with regression.
METHODS
One hundred and fifty-two children at ages of 2.5-6.5 years confirmed with autism based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were enrolled. They were grouped according to language development: normal or regression. The perinatal history, developmental history and characteristics of regression were investigated. The symptoms were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
Regressions were observed in 33 children (21.7%) at age of between 16 and 21 months, with loss both in communicative skills and social engagement. The regressive group was scored significantly higher on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (P<0.05) and had a relatively higher proportion of severely ill children (66.7% vs 45.4%; P<0.05)compared with the non-regressive group.
CONCLUSIONS
Regression as a characteristic symptom occurs in some autistic children and is of value for diagnosis of autism. The autistic children with regression display more severe social and language impairments than those without regression. Regressive autism may be a special subtype.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Language Development; Male; Social Behavior
PubMed: 20959041
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Personality Assessment 2019The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) has received considerable support as a reliable and valid measure of individual differences in emotional awareness (EA)...
The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) has received considerable support as a reliable and valid measure of individual differences in emotional awareness (EA) since the original report involving 40 participants (Lane, Quinlan, Schwartz, Walker, & Zeitlin, 1990 ). However, the hypothesized developmental nature of EA (conceptualized as a cognitive skill) has thus far only been examined in that 1 early study. Here we report multiple regression analyses on the entire sample of 94 participants who completed the LEAS as part of that original study, as well as the same developmental and affective measures used in the original report. We first observed that different developmental measures, including the Object Relations Inventory and the Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development, accounted for unique portions of the variance in LEAS scores. We also observed that higher LEAS scores were associated with greater within-category variance in the self-reported positive and guilt- and shame-related emotions people reported experiencing on a typical day. Based on these findings, we introduce a 3-dimensional cognitive-developmental framework that LEAS scores plausibly track, including (a) the transition from focusing on external/physical to internal/psychological characteristics, (b) greater conceptual complexity, and (c) self-other differentiation. We then discuss the implications of this framework for understanding the nature of EA and for future research.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Awareness; Cognition; Female; Humans; Individuality; Language; Male; Middle Aged; Object Attachment; Psychometrics; Self Report; Self-Assessment
PubMed: 29388809
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1411917 -
Journal of Adolescence Jun 1996Regression has held varied meanings within psychoanalytic and developmental literatures. Within psychodynamic literature, regression has often implied return to earlier...
Regression has held varied meanings within psychoanalytic and developmental literatures. Within psychodynamic literature, regression has often implied return to earlier developmental levels for the purpose of mastering childhood trauma. It has, however, been stated that regression is an essential and adaptive feature of normative adolescent development. Within developmental literature, regression has been discussed in relation to structural characteristics of stage change; the concept has remained problematic, for developmental theories often postulate directionality in development inconsistent with the notion of regression. It is the purpose of this paper to (a) review varied meanings regression has held within psychoanalytic and developmental literatures, (b) focus on the forms, frequencies and functions of regression when examining data from two structural developmental models addressing dimensions of normative adolescent identity development, and (c) consider precipitants for different forms of regressive movement. The paper will conclude with suggestions for hypotheses to be tested in future research.
PubMed: 9245278
DOI: 10.1006/jado.1996.0020 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Oct 2012To understand the characteristics of autistic regression and to compare the clinical and developmental profile of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in whom...
OBJECTIVES
To understand the characteristics of autistic regression and to compare the clinical and developmental profile of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in whom parents report developmental regression with age matched ASD children in whom no regression is reported.
METHODS
Participants were 35 (Mean age = 3.57 y, SD = 1.09) children with ASD in whom parents reported developmental regression before age 3 y and a group of age and IQ matched 35 ASD children in whom parents did not report regression. All children were recruited from the outpatient Child Psychology Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. Multi-disciplinary evaluations including neurological, diagnostic, cognitive, and behavioral assessments were done. Parents were asked in detail about the age at onset of regression, type of regression, milestones lost, and event, if any, related to the regression. In addition, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was administered to assess symptom severity.
RESULTS
The mean age at regression was 22.43 mo (SD = 6.57) and large majority (66.7%) of the parents reported regression between 12 and 24 mo. Most (75%) of the parents of the regression-autistic group reported regression in the language domain, particularly in the expressive language sector, usually between 18 and 24 mo of age. Regression of language was not an isolated phenomenon and regression in other domains was also reported including social skills (75%), cognition (31.25%). In majority of the cases (75%) the regression reported was slow and subtle. There were no significant differences in the motor, social, self help, and communication functioning between the two groups as measured by the DP II.There were also no significant differences between the two groups on the total CARS score and total number of DSM IV symptoms endorsed. However, the regressed children had significantly (t = 2.36, P = .021) more social deficits as per the DSM IV as compared to the non-regressed children with autism.
CONCLUSIONS
Autism with regression is not characterized by a distinctive developmental or symptom profile. Developmental regression may, however, be an early and reliable marker in a significant number of children with autism.
Topics: Child; Child Development; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; India; Male; Regression, Psychology
PubMed: 22350733
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-012-0683-2 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Mar 2011The characteristics of early developmental regression (EDR) were investigated in individuals with ASD from affected relative pairs recruited to the International...
The characteristics of early developmental regression (EDR) were investigated in individuals with ASD from affected relative pairs recruited to the International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMGSAC). Four hundred and fifty-eight individuals with ASD were recruited from 226 IMGSAC families. Regression before age 36 months occurred in 23.9% of individuals. The observed concordance rate for EDR within sibling pairs (18.9%) was not significantly above the rate expected under independence (13.5%, p = 0.10). The rate of regression in individuals with ASD from multiplex families was similar to that reported in singleton and epidemiological samples. Regression concordance data were not supportive of a separate familial influence on EDR, other than as a part of autism itself.
Topics: Child Development; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Language Development; Regression, Psychology
PubMed: 20711649
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1055-2 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2022Millions of children in China are diagnosed with developmental disabilities (DD), many of whom are subject to physical abuse. While a significant body of research... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Parenting Programs That Address Physical Abuse in Childhood for Families of Children With Developmental Disabilities in Mainland China: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.
Millions of children in China are diagnosed with developmental disabilities (DD), many of whom are subject to physical abuse. While a significant body of research suggests that parenting interventions can reduce the incidence and risk of such abuse, there is currently limited evidence of their effectiveness for this population or from non-English-speaking countries. This review involved searches in both English and Chinese databases to identify randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of parenting interventions for families of children with DD in mainland China. Multilevel meta-analyses were undertaken to examine the effectiveness of parenting programs. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to investigate heterogeneity and identify potential moderators with a focus on intervention and delivery components. Risk of bias was assessed for each study. Thirty-one studies were included. The results showed that parenting interventions could reduce child emotional and behavioral problems (CEBP) and improve the parent-child relationship, although only one study directly measured the actual incidence of abuse. Programs for autism and epilepsy had stronger treatment effects. Teaching knowledge about CEBP, skills to improve parental mental health, and techniques to cultivate empathy were associated with program success; however, positive reinforcement was associated with more problems. The results also supported the delivery of programs with longer duration, a combination of group and individual sessions, efforts to build rapport, ongoing communication outside the programs, and delivery in hospitals or service agencies. Further research is needed, however, in addition to improvements in the quality of research and reporting.
Topics: Child; China; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Parenting; Physical Abuse
PubMed: 32323637
DOI: 10.1177/1524838020915599 -
Autism : the International Journal of... Sep 2001The developmental profile of a child with autism during the first 3 years of life is presented. Clinical material obtained from different sources is discussed: home... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The developmental profile of a child with autism during the first 3 years of life is presented. Clinical material obtained from different sources is discussed: home videos from birth to 3 years, and cognitive and communicative evaluations at 24, 34 and 38 months. The videos show how the child appeared to make progress up to 12 months, but from 12 to 18 months some abilities that had been previously acquired were lost, and a decrease in social interaction, communication and language was observed. From 18 to 38 months communicative and linguistic abilities remained unchanged, but social interactive behaviours continued to decrease. The particular profile identified is discussed as one of the possible pathways through which autism may develop.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Child, Preschool; Communication; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Interpersonal Relations; Language Development Disorders; Male; Regression, Psychology; Videotape Recording
PubMed: 11708588
DOI: 10.1177/1362361301005003006 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Aug 2017To describe the frequency and characteristics of developmental regression in a sample of 50 patients with Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMS) and investigate the possibility...
PURPOSE
To describe the frequency and characteristics of developmental regression in a sample of 50 patients with Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMS) and investigate the possibility of association between regression, epilepsy, and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and deletion size.
METHODS
The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was used to evaluate regression in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PMS. Information on seizure history and EEGs was obtained from medical record review. Deletion size was determined by DNA microarray.
RESULTS
A history of regression at any age was present in 43% of all patients. Among those exhibiting regression, 67% had onset after the age of 30 months, affecting primarily motor and self-help skills. In 63% of all patients there was a history of seizures and a history of abnormal EEG was also present in 71%. No significant associations were found between regression and seizures or EEG abnormalities. Deletion size was significantly associated with EEG abnormalities, but not with regression or seizures.
CONCLUSION
This study found a high rate of regression in PMS. In contrast to regression in autism, that often occurs earlier in development and affects language and social skills, we found regression in PMS most frequently has an onset in mid-childhood, affecting motor and self-help skills. We also found high rates of seizures and abnormal EEGs in patients with PMS. However, a history of abnormal EEG and seizures was not associated with an increased risk of regression. Larger deletion sizes were found to be significantly associated with a history of abnormal EEG.
Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; Electroencephalography; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Language; Male; Motor Skills; Regression, Psychology; Seizures; Young Adult
PubMed: 28346892
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.010 -
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral... Apr 2013Kristen is a 13-year-old girl with Down syndrome (DS) who was seen urgently with concerns of cognitive and developmental regression including loss of language, social,...
Kristen is a 13-year-old girl with Down syndrome (DS) who was seen urgently with concerns of cognitive and developmental regression including loss of language, social, and toileting skills. The evaluation in the DS clinic focused on potential medical diagnoses including atlantoaxial joint instability, vitamin deficiency, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and seizures. A comprehensive medical evaluation yielded only a finding of moderate OSA. A reactive depression was considered in association with several psychosocial factors including moving homes, entering puberty/onset of menses, and classroom change from an integrated setting to a self-contained classroom comprising unfamiliar peers with behavior challenges.Urgent referrals for psychological and psychiatric evaluations were initiated. Neuropsychological testing did not suggest true regression in cognitive, language, and academic skills, although decreases in motivation and performance were noted with a reaction to stress and multiple environmental changes as a potential causative factor. Psychiatry consultation supported this finding in that psychosocial stress temporally correlated with Kristen's regression in skills.Working collaboratively, the team determined that Kristen's presentation was consistent with a reactive form of depression (DSM-IV-TR: depressive disorder, not otherwise specified). Kristen's presentation was exacerbated by salient environmental stress and sleep apnea, rather than a cognitive regression associated with a medical cause. Treatment consisted of an antidepressant medication, continuous positive airway pressure for OSA, and increased psychosocial supports. Her school initiated a change in classroom placement. With this multimodal approach to evaluation and intervention, Kristen steadily improved and she returned to her baseline function.
Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Depression; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Psychology; Regression, Psychology; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 23572173
DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31828b2b42 -
Psychological Review Oct 2011Loss of previously established behaviors in early childhood constitutes a markedly atypical developmental trajectory. It is found almost uniquely in autism and its cause...
Loss of previously established behaviors in early childhood constitutes a markedly atypical developmental trajectory. It is found almost uniquely in autism and its cause is currently unknown (Baird et al., 2008). We present an artificial neural network model of developmental regression, exploring the hypothesis that regression is caused by overaggressive synaptic pruning and identifying the mechanisms involved. We used a novel population-modeling technique to investigate developmental deficits, in which both neurocomputational parameters and the learning environment were varied across a large number of simulated individuals. Regression was generated by the atypical setting of a single pruning-related parameter. We observed a probabilistic relationship between the atypical pruning parameter and the presence of regression, as well as variability in the onset, severity, behavioral specificity, and recovery from regression. Other neurocomputational parameters that varied across the population modulated the risk that an individual would show regression. We considered a further hypothesis that behavioral regression may index an underlying anomaly characterizing the broader autism phenotype. If this is the case, we show how the model also accounts for several additional findings: shared gene variants between autism and language impairment (Vernes et al., 2008); larger brain size in autism but only in early development (Redcay & Courchesne, 2005); and the possibility of quasi-autism, caused by extreme environmental deprivation (Rutter et al., 1999). We make a novel prediction that the earliest developmental symptoms in the emergence of autism should be sensory and motor rather than social and review empirical data offering preliminary support for this prediction.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Humans; Language Development; Models, Psychological; Neural Networks, Computer; Phenotype; Regression, Psychology
PubMed: 21875243
DOI: 10.1037/a0025234