-
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur... Apr 2021
Topics: Dexamethasone; Drug Implants; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Edema; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Uveitis, Intermediate
PubMed: 33930917
DOI: 10.1055/a-1384-1056 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Jun 2002
Topics: Administration, Oral; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Dexamethasone; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Pemphigus
PubMed: 12058710
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1A047 -
Acta Physiologica Hungarica Jun 2013Previous experimental data suggest that steroids might have protective effects during hypoxic/ischemic injury of various organs. In this study, the association between...
Previous experimental data suggest that steroids might have protective effects during hypoxic/ischemic injury of various organs. In this study, the association between dexamethason (Dexa) treatment and the anti-apoptotic SGK-1 was tested in ischemic renal injury. In vitro, HK-2 cells were exposed to 24 h hypoxia, and the effect of Dexa incubation on SGK-1 expression / activation and on cell death was studied. In an in vivo rat model of unilateral renal IR, animals were treated with Dexa, and serum renal function parameters, tissue injury and SGK-1 expression and localization were examined after different reperfusion times (2 h, 4 h and 24 h). Dexa at a dose of 2 mg/L exerted a protective effect on cell survival assessed by LDH release and vital staining paralleled by marked up-regulation of SGK-1. In rats, 2 mg/kg Dexa treatment 24 h prior to ischemia resulted in less severe tissue injury and ameliorated urea nitrogen levels 24 h after reperfusion. Furthermore, SGK-1 expression and phosphorylation were higher in Dexa animals demonstrated by Western blot and immunofluorescence technique. Our results provide novel data on the signalling mechanism of Dexa under hypoxia / ischemia and further support that Dexa emerges as an attractive pharmacological agent for the prevention of ischemic injury.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Cell Line; Dexamethasone; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immediate-Early Proteins; Male; Phosphorylation; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Reperfusion Injury
PubMed: 23524182
DOI: 10.1556/APhysiol.100.2013.001 -
Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der... Oct 2021
Topics: Dexamethasone; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Edema
PubMed: 33712902
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01328-1 -
Neonatal Network : NN Oct 1991
Review
Topics: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Dexamethasone; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male
PubMed: 1944082
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Perinatology : Official... Sep 1992Dexamethasone is often given to intubated neonates to facilitate successful extubation. To study the effects of dexamethasone on pulmonary function immediately following... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Dexamethasone is often given to intubated neonates to facilitate successful extubation. To study the effects of dexamethasone on pulmonary function immediately following extubation, we conducted a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 51 infants. All infants had been intubated for a minimum of 3 days but no more than 30 days. Mean weight at extubation was 2.41 kg in treated infants, 2.25 kg in control infants. When infants were deemed ready for extubation, dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg/dose or an equal volume of normal saline was given in three doses 8 hours apart. The final dose was given 1 hour before extubation. Esophageal pressure, air flow integrated to tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate, and heart rate were measured before extubation, immediately following extubation, and every 20 minutes for 80 minutes. Total pulmonary resistance (RTP), dynamic lung compliance (CL), and minute ventilation (VE) were calculated. Forty-two infants completed the study; 19 infants received dexamethasone and 23 received placebo. There was no difference between the two groups in gestational age, weight at study, or length of intubation. Vt, RTP, VE, and CL were not significantly different between the two groups over time; however, RTP increased over time in the placebo group. Heart rate was significantly lower in the dexamethasone group. We conclude that dexamethasone appears to have limited effect on pulmonary function immediately following extubation in the population studied. Further studies should evaluate the drug effect beginning at least 1 hour after extubation.
Topics: Dexamethasone; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 1432282
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neurosurgery Mar 1980
Topics: Brain Injuries; Dexamethasone; Humans; Intracranial Pressure
PubMed: 7359203
DOI: 10.3171/jns.1980.52.3.0436 -
Equine Veterinary Journal Jan 2018Nebulisation of the injectable dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) would offer an inexpensive way of delivering a potent corticosteroid directly to the lungs of horses... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Nebulisation of the injectable dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) would offer an inexpensive way of delivering a potent corticosteroid directly to the lungs of horses with asthma. However, this approach would be advantageous only if systemic absorption is minimal and if the preservatives present in the formulation do not induce airway inflammation.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the bioavailability of nebulised DSP and determine whether it induces airway inflammation or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression in healthy adult horses.
STUDY DESIGN
Randomised crossover experiment.
METHODS
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate was administered to six healthy adult horses at a dose of 5 mg q. 24 h for 5 days via nebulised, or intravenous (i.v.) routes. Plasma dexamethasone concentrations were measured by UPLC/MS-MS to calculate bioavailability. Cytological examination of bronchoalveolar fluid was performed at baseline and after the last dose of DSP. A validated chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to measure basal serum cortisol concentrations.
RESULTS
After nebulisation to adult horses, dexamethasone had a mean (±s.d.) maximum plasma concentration of 0.774 ± 0.215 ng/mL and systemic bioavailability of 4.3 ± 1.2%. Regardless of route of administration, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid over time. During i.v. administration, basal serum cortisol concentration decreased significantly from baseline to Day 3 and remained low on Day 5. In contrast, basal serum cortisol concentration did not change significantly during administration via nebulisation.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
Small sample size and short period of drug administration.
CONCLUSIONS
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate administered via nebulisation had minimal systemic bioavailability and did not induce lower airway inflammation or HPA axis suppression in healthy horses.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Cross-Over Studies; Dexamethasone; Female; Half-Life; Horses; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Respiratory System
PubMed: 28719014
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12724 -
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports... Sep 2002A single-blind, 2-factor (4 treatments by 8 time points) repeated-measures study design. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
STUDY DESIGN
A single-blind, 2-factor (4 treatments by 8 time points) repeated-measures study design.
OBJECTIVE
To analytically determine dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate concentrations in plasma derived from proximal effluent venous blood, following cathodic iontophoresis.
METHODS AND MEASURES
Six volunteers received the following dexamethasone phosphate (2.5 ml, 4 mg/ml) treatments to their wrists on separate occasions: cathodic iontophoresis (4 mA, 10 minutes or 4 mA, 20 minutes), passive application (10 or 20 minutes). Plasma samples from the ipsilateral antecubital vein were obtained 10 minutes prior to and half way through the treatment (5 or 10 minutes), at the end of the treatment (10 or 20 minutes), and posttreatment (15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). The present investigation examined: (1) the sensitivity and linearity of extraction and analysis of dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate; (2) the necessity for determining both; and (3) the plasma levels from proximal effluent venous blood following cathodic iontophoresis.
RESULTS
The aggregate (n = 18) of the 6-point standard curves were linear for dexamethasone (r > 0.974) and dexamethasone phosphate (r > 0.829). In vitro dephosphorylation of dexamethasone phosphate to dexamethasone occurred in plasma at 37 degrees C and during freeze-thaw. Measurable dexamethasone or dexamethasone phosphate concentrations were absent at all time points and under all conditions in the human subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the current assay and the need for evaluating both forms of the drug, as in vitro dephosphorylation results in the presence of dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate in samples. Absence of measurable dexamethasone or dexamethasone phosphate in the proximal effluent venous blood may require re-evaluation of the extent of drug delivery during the clinical iontophoresis of dexamethasone phosphate.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dexamethasone; Female; Humans; Iontophoresis; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution; Wrist
PubMed: 12322812
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2002.32.9.461 -
Experimental Cell Research Feb 2020The aim of this study is to establish the dexamethasone sodium phosphate multivesicular liposomes thermosensative hydrogel (DEX-MVLs-Gel) drug delivery system and to...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to establish the dexamethasone sodium phosphate multivesicular liposomes thermosensative hydrogel (DEX-MVLs-Gel) drug delivery system and to analyze the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety of DEX-MVLs-Gel as well as to explore whether the prepared DEX-MVLs-Gel can protect the hearing in the guinea pigs following noise exposure.
METHODS
DEX-MVLs formulations were constructed by double emulsion method, and the DEX-MVLs-Gel was prepared after adding P407 and P188 into the DEX-MVLs. A total of 20 adult albino guinea pigs were chosen to establish the animal models with noise-induced hearing loss. After animals were treated with DEX-MVLs-Gel at concentrations of 20, 6 and 2 mg/mL, and 5 mg/mL Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEX-P) solution, respectively, the hearing function, drug concentration in the peripheral lymph fluid, and hair cell morphology were assessed.
RESULTS
The ABR threshold of the 20 mg/mL DEX-MVLs-Gel treated group at the frequencies of 4, 8, 16 and 24 kHz were measured as 47.5 ± 5.2, 48.3 ± 4.1, 55.8 ± 3.8 and 57.5 5 ± 5.2 dB SPL, respectively. Statistical significances were noted between the 20 mg/mL DEX-MVLs-Gel treated group and control group at each frequency (all P < 0.05), between the 2 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL DEX-MVLs-Gel treated groups at the frequencies of 4 and 8 kHz (both P < 0.05). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that the drug concentrations in the peripheral lymph in all groups were gradually decreased on the 1st, 3rd and 7th d after intratympanic injection. Scattered hair cell loss could be observed mainly in the basal and middle turn in the saline administrated group and the 20 mg/mL DEX-MVLs-Gel administration group, and the hair cell loss was not identified in the apical turn.
CONCLUSIONS
A high concentration (20 mg/mL) of DEX-MVLs-Gel exerts significant protective effects upon the guinea pigs with noise-induced hearing loss. The prepared DEX-MVLs-Gel can be effectively maintained in the peripheral lymph fluid of guinea pigs for 3-7 d and MVLs-Gel causes no obvious ototoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Dexamethasone; Guinea Pigs; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Hydrogels; Liposomes; Models, Animal
PubMed: 31812471
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111755