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International Journal of Dermatology Jul 2016A review of the literature on diapers and diaper rash reveals that many clinicians are unfamiliar with modern diaper construction and materials as well as diaper safety... (Review)
Review
A review of the literature on diapers and diaper rash reveals that many clinicians are unfamiliar with modern diaper construction and materials as well as diaper safety testing methods. Typical modern diapers do not contain ingredients of concern such as latex and disperse dyes, but use ingredients such as spandex and pigments with a favorable safety profile. Today's disposable diaper is a high performance product whose carefully designed layers and liners provide optimal urine and feces absorption and an ever more clothing-like and comfortable fit. This is possible due to a variety of specialized polymer materials that provide optimal absorption of urine and feces, thereby minimizing skin exposure.
Topics: Consumer Product Safety; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Equipment Design; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 27311782
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13333 -
Nursing For Women's Health 2015Diaper dermatitis in infants is commonly seen by clinicians in both primary care and acute care settings. The condition can cause significant discomfort for infants and...
Diaper dermatitis in infants is commonly seen by clinicians in both primary care and acute care settings. The condition can cause significant discomfort for infants and distress for their parents and caregivers. Nursing for Women's Health convened a group of nursing clinicians who work in a variety of settings to discuss the issues and challenges related to preventing and treating diaper dermatitis in both healthy term newborns and premature newborns.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature
PubMed: 26460914
DOI: 10.1111/1751-486X.12233 -
American Family Physician Apr 1982
Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Candidiasis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Impetigo; Infant; Miliaria; Ointments; Powders; Psoriasis; Scabies; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 6461232
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatologic Clinics Jan 1986Diaper dermatitis is a term used to encompass a wide range of inflammatory processes that occur in the area covered by the diaper. The term "diaper dermatitis" is thus...
Diaper dermatitis is a term used to encompass a wide range of inflammatory processes that occur in the area covered by the diaper. The term "diaper dermatitis" is thus simply a description of the location of a rash. Numerous factors can be involved in the pathogenesis of dermatitis in the diaper area. These factors, including the role of the diaper, of friction and contact irritation, of urine and ammonia, of feces, of infection, and of underlying dermatologic conditions, are discussed with an emphasis on management of the rash.
Topics: Ammonia; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Clothing; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diaper Rash; Feces; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Psoriasis
PubMed: 2941200
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Pediatrics Nov 1972
Topics: Diaper Rash; Diarrhea, Infantile; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Iron
PubMed: 5086725
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(72)80552-3 -
Soins. Pediatrie, Puericulture Feb 1997
Topics: Diaper Rash; Humans; Hygiene; Infant; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Risk Factors; Skin Care
PubMed: 9104414
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Dermatology 2015Diaper (napkin) dermatitis is an acutely presenting inflammatory irritant contact dermatitis of the diaper region. It is one of the most common dermatologic diseases in... (Review)
Review
Diaper (napkin) dermatitis is an acutely presenting inflammatory irritant contact dermatitis of the diaper region. It is one of the most common dermatologic diseases in infants and children. In the past, the disease was thought to be caused by ammonia; however, a number of factors, such as friction, wetness, inappropriate skin care, microorganisms, antibiotics, and nutritional defects, are important. Diaper dermatitis commonly affects the lower parts of the abdomen, thighs, and diaper area. Involvement of skin fold regions is typical with diaper dermatitis. At the early stages of the disease, only dryness is observed in the affected area. At later stages, erythematous maceration and edema can be seen. Secondary candidal and bacterial infections can complicate the dermatitis. In the differential diagnosis of the disease, allergic contact dermatitis, intertrigo, psoriasis, atopic and seborrheic dermatitis, and the other diseases should be considered. Causes of the disease should be determined and eliminated primarily. Families need to be informed about the importance of a clean, dry diaper area and the frequency of diaper changes. The use of superabsorbent disposable diapers has decreased the incidence of the disease. Soap and alcohol-containing products should be avoided in cleaning the area. In some cases, corticosteroids and antifungal agents can be administered. If necessary, antibacterial agents and calcineurin inhibitors can also be beneficial.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy, Needle; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatologic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intertrigo; Male; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26051065
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.04.012 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2014Diaper dermatitis leads to approximately 20% of all childhood dermatology visits. There have been several technologic advances in diaper design the last several years;... (Review)
Review
Diaper dermatitis leads to approximately 20% of all childhood dermatology visits. There have been several technologic advances in diaper design the last several years; however, due to the unique environment of the diaper area, many children continue to suffer from a variety of dermatologic conditions of this region. Common causes include allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, infection, and psoriasis. Treatments include allergen avoidance, barrier protection, parent education, and topical therapies.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dermatologic Agents; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Humans; Infant; Infant Welfare; Infant, Newborn; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 25017459
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Aug 2012Diaper dermatitis is the most common cutaneous diagnosis in infants. In this review, common causes of diaper dermatitis and similarly presenting conditions will be... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Diaper dermatitis is the most common cutaneous diagnosis in infants. In this review, common causes of diaper dermatitis and similarly presenting conditions will be covered, as well as updates on treatments of common diaper dermatitides.
RECENT FINDINGS
There have been recent advancements in the treatment of diaper dermatitis. In addition, there are many newly recognized causes of diaper dermatitis that clinicians should be aware of.
SUMMARY
Irritant dermatitis is the most common cause of diaper dermatitis. However, there are multiple other common causes of diaper dermatitis and it is thus imperative that the clinician be aware of cutaneous mimickers of irritant diaper dermatitis as well as their treatments.
Topics: Acrodermatitis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Female; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Miliaria; Psoriasis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus; Zinc
PubMed: 22790100
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32835585f2 -
Pediatric Dermatology Nov 2014A diverse group of diseases can cause skin conditions in the diaper area including those which are directly caused by diapers or the diaper environment, some which are... (Review)
Review
A diverse group of diseases can cause skin conditions in the diaper area including those which are directly caused by diapers or the diaper environment, some which are not directly due to, but are worsened by, the wearing of diapers, and those which are independent of the presence of the diaper or its resulting environment. Many of these conditions are limited to this area of the skin, but others extend to skin outside this area, and some are signs of systemic disease. We review many of the important causes of eruptions in the diaper area and emphasize key points in the differential diagnosis.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 25403935
DOI: 10.1111/pde.12500