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Revue Medicale de Liege Apr 2006Diaper dermatitis is the most frequent skin disorder of the newborn. Several clinical types are distinguished. The most frequent type results from increased fragility of... (Review)
Review
Diaper dermatitis is the most frequent skin disorder of the newborn. Several clinical types are distinguished. The most frequent type results from increased fragility of the newborn buttock skin when covered by diapers. According to the mechanisms involved and the severity of the dermatitis, one can distinguish the intertrigo of the chubby baby, and the so-called "W", "Y" and "red panties" types of diaper dermatitis. When the effects of occlusion are not controlled by adequate absorption by the diapers maceration of the stratum corneum occurs. As a result, degradation of the skin barrier function takes place. In addition, the value of the coefficient of friction of the skin increases with epidermal weakening to rubbing. In addition, fecal enzymes alter urines and skin. Judicious hygiene measures and a correct choice of care and diapers are mandatory. Cutaneous colonisation by microorganisms, in particular the yeasts Candida spp, is the main complication. Adequate preventive and curative measures can combat diaper dermatitis with confidence. A miconazole paste allows to improve the tribological properties of the interface between diapers and the skin. It also corrects the degradation of the skin barrier function, reduces inflammation and abates the impact of Candida spp. in the pathogenesis of the skin disorder.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant; Skin Care
PubMed: 16789605
DOI: No ID Found -
Beneficial Microbes Aug 2021The gut microbiome during infancy is directly involved in the digestion of human milk, development of the immune system, and long-term health outcomes. Gut dysbiosis in...
The gut microbiome during infancy is directly involved in the digestion of human milk, development of the immune system, and long-term health outcomes. Gut dysbiosis in early life has been linked to multiple short-term ailments, from diaper dermatitis and poor stooling habits, to poor sleep and fussiness, with mixed results in the scientific literature on the efficacy of probiotics for symptom resolution. Despite the growing interest in probiotics for consumer use, observed symptomatic relief is rarely documented. This study aims to evaluate observed symptomatic relief from at-home use of activated EVC001 in infants. Consumer feedback was collected over a 2-year period via a 30-day post-purchase online survey of EVC001 (Evivo) customers. Outcome measures included observed changes in diaper rash, symptoms of colic, and sleep behaviours in infants fed EVC001. A total of 1,621 respondents completed the survey. Before purchasing EVC001, the majority of respondents visited the product website, researched infant probiotics online, or consulted with their doctor or other healthcare professional. Of the participants whose infants had ever experienced diaper rash, 72% (n=448) reported improvements, and 57% of those reported complete resolution of this problem. Of those who responded to questions about gassiness/fussiness, naptime sleep, and night-time sleep behaviours, 63% (n=984), 33% (n=520), and 52% (n=806) reported resolution or improvements, respectively. Although clinical data regarding probiotic use are often inconclusive for symptom resolution, home use of EVC001 in infants improved diaper rash, gassiness/fussiness, and sleep quality within the first week of use in a significant number of respondents who engaged in a voluntary post-purchase survey. These outcomes may be a result of the unique genetic capacity of EVC001 to colonise the infant gut highlighting the importance of strain selection in evaluating the effects of probiotic products.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; Colic; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant; Probiotics; Sleep
PubMed: 34057053
DOI: 10.3920/BM2020.0229 -
BMC Dermatology Jul 2019To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with diaper dermatitis in Thai children aged 1-24 months.
BACKGROUND
To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with diaper dermatitis in Thai children aged 1-24 months.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 1153 participants using structural questionnaires, which was conducted at Khon Kaen University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric department in Thailand. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between diaper dermatitis and its possible risk factors.
RESULTS
The prevalence of diaper dermatitis among the study population was 36.1%, a rate which significantly decreased with age. The highest prevalence was found in subjects who were one to six months old. Risk factors that had a statistically significant association with diaper dermatitis in both univariate and multivariate analysis were i) diaper changing fewer than three times/night, ii) previous episodes of diaper rash, iii) using cloth diapers, and iv) topical application of baby talcum powder to the diaper area.
CONCLUSIONS
Frequent diaper changings during the daytime do not compensate for fewer changings during the night. Moreover, the use of baby talcum powder on the diaper area significantly increased the risk of diaper dermatitis among the study population. These findings should be applied in future preventive strategies for diaper dermatitis in this age group.
Topics: Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Talc; Thailand
PubMed: 31262288
DOI: 10.1186/s12895-019-0089-1 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 2005Eruptions in the diaper area are the most common dermatologic problem in infancy. Such eruptions can be subdivided into primary diaper dermatitis, an acute inflammation... (Review)
Review
Eruptions in the diaper area are the most common dermatologic problem in infancy. Such eruptions can be subdivided into primary diaper dermatitis, an acute inflammation of the skin in the diaper area with an ill-defined and multifactorial etiology, and secondary diaper dermatitis, a term which encompasses eruptions in the diaper area with defined etiologies. The most important factors in the development of primary diaper dermatitis are: (i) water/moisture, (ii) friction, (iii) urine, (iv) feces, and (v) microorganisms (sometimes). Possible treatments include minimizing diaper use and using disposable diapers, barrier creams, mild topical cortisones, and antifungal agents. A variety of other inflammatory and infectious processes can occur in the diaper area and an awareness of these secondary types of diaper dermatitis aids in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Age Factors; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dermatologic Agents; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 16252927
DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200506050-00001 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Nov 1982
Topics: Clothing; Diaper Rash; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 7131145
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(82)80299-0 -
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and... 2022Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition commonly affecting infants with notable sparing of the diaper region. Though sources anecdotally... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition commonly affecting infants with notable sparing of the diaper region. Though sources anecdotally attribute this sparing to the physical barrier formed by the diaper and the subsequent retention of moisture, urine, sweat and feces, no studies have formally investigated the factors contributing to this sparing phenomenon. We performed a scoping literature review to investigate the factors involved in sparing of AD in the diaper region, namely humidity, scratching, urine, sweat, feces, and microbiome composition. A total of 130 papers met the inclusion criteria, and extracted data were analyzed in an iterative manner. Increased local humidity facilitates protective changes at the cellular level and offsets transepidermal water loss. Exposure to urea from both sweat and urine may contribute to improved moisturization of the skin through its natural humectant properties and ability to modulate gene expression. Introduction of flora in feces contributes to the generation of protective immune responses and outcompetes growth of pathogens such as . Finally, diapers physically prevent scratching, which directly interrupts the itch-scratch cycle classically implicated in AD. Our study reviews factors that may contribute to the sparing of AD in the diaper region in infants. A limitation to our findings is that the studies reviewed here explore the impacts of these factors on AD broadly, and not explicitly in the diaper region. Additional studies investigating this may further our understanding of AD pathogenesis and contribute to the development of effective therapeutics.
Topics: Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant; Infant Care; Skin
PubMed: 35317630
DOI: 10.1177/12034754221088533 -
Current Problems in Dermatology 2018Maintenance of an acidic stratum corneum pH is a major component of the skin's protective system and creates a hostile environment for colonization with pathogenic... (Review)
Review
Maintenance of an acidic stratum corneum pH is a major component of the skin's protective system and creates a hostile environment for colonization with pathogenic microorganisms. This barrier can however be overcome on healthy and in particular on compromised skin. Mycosis, diaper/incontinence dermatitis and wound healing are examples of cases where microbial infection is promoted by the altered skin conditions or environment. Fungi have a complex system that senses ambient pH that leads to metabolic responses allowing adhesion, growth and invasion, as microbial metabolites further increase skin pH resulting in a clinically manifest infection (mycosis). Diabetic patients with a higher pH in intertriginous areas are particularly vulnerable to candidiasis. In diaper and incontinence dermatitis, the increase in skin pH and damage to the skin barrier function is triggered by the contact with urine and faeces with or without occlusion and maintained by host and microbial enzymes and metabolites. This leads to the reduction of the protective resident microflora and fungal overgrowth, mostly with Candida albicans. Skin care with slightly acidic products may help to prevent and treat this kind of dermatitis. Wound healing is a complex sequence of biologic events correlated with ambient pH, which influences the different phases of the healing process. The pH determines the appropriate activity of immune cells and key enzymes as well as biofilm formation. Chronic wounds emerging from the disruption of the healing process are characterized by a neutral to slightly alkaline pH and may benefit from wound pH monitoring and therapeutic acidification.
Topics: Aged; Dermatitis; Dermatomycoses; Diaper Rash; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Microbiota; Skin; Skin Diseases; Wound Healing
PubMed: 30130777
DOI: 10.1159/000489522 -
Child Health Alert Oct 2005
Topics: Child, Preschool; Coloring Agents; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 16294376
DOI: No ID Found -
Skin Therapy Letter Sep 2006Common diaper dermatitis is an irritant contact diaper dermatitis (IDD) created by the combined influence of moisture, warmth, urine, feces, friction, and secondary... (Review)
Review
Common diaper dermatitis is an irritant contact diaper dermatitis (IDD) created by the combined influence of moisture, warmth, urine, feces, friction, and secondary infection. It is difficult to completely eradicate these predisposing factors in a diapered child. Thus, IDD presents an ongoing therapeutic challenge for parents, family physicians, pediatricians, and dermatologists. This article will focus on practical management strategies for IDD.
Topics: Candidiasis; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant; Risk Factors
PubMed: 17021645
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Feb 1981
Topics: Candidiasis; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant; Infant Care
PubMed: 6780055
DOI: No ID Found