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European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular... Nov 2018
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; Echocardiography; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Murmurs; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Reoperation; Risk Assessment; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30113654
DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey115 -
Circulation Jan 2005
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Heart Sounds; Humans; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 15668345
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000153388.41229.CB -
The American Journal of Cardiology Sep 2009The physics of turbulence include Reynolds numbers, but they argued that these do not apply for biomedical applications. However, the 2 key variables, viscosity and flow... (Review)
Review
The physics of turbulence include Reynolds numbers, but they argued that these do not apply for biomedical applications. However, the 2 key variables, viscosity and flow velocity, are conceptually useful. They also warned that turbulence and murmurs are not equivalent, obvious from Doppler studies of children with innocent murmurs who demonstrate no turbulence or abnormal velocities. The musical Still's murmur contrasts with the noise generated by abnormalities of heart valves. McKusick compared the Still's murmur with the Aeolian harp's strings set into vibration by the wind. He looked for analogues in the heart and suggested false chords, but he failed to acknowledge that these become flaccid during systole. McKusick did not suggest the normal chords of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve that are tightened in systole by papillary muscles and traverse the pulmonary outflow, nor has anyone else, to the author's knowledge. The location of the Still's murmur was found in the pulmonary outflow by microphonic catheterization. The innocent ejection murmurs in children and pregnant women are not musical but are associated with decreased hematocrit and increased ejection velocity compared to nonpregnant adults. The aorta has been suggested as the origin of Still's murmur, but that study was done in older adults with angina who presumably had aortic valvular sclerosis. In conclusion, innocent murmurs in childhood are not normally found in adults, except for pregnant women whose blood viscosity and velocity resemble children's. When murmurs are found in nonpregnant adults, echocardiography is prudent.
Topics: Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Viscosity; Child; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Hematocrit; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 19699354
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.04.031 -
Lippincott's Primary Care Practice 1998Most of the murmurs that are detected in children between the ages of 6 months and 15 years are of the innocent type. Given the high prevalence of murmurs in this... (Review)
Review
Most of the murmurs that are detected in children between the ages of 6 months and 15 years are of the innocent type. Given the high prevalence of murmurs in this population coupled with the low occurrence of congenital heart disease, distinguishing innocent from pathologic murmur is a frequent and important task for the primary care clinician. The primary care clinician can develop the necessary skills to distinguish between the innocent heart murmurs and pathologic murmurs using history and physical examination skills. Becoming familiar with the characteristics of the five most common innocent heart murmurs, which are (1) vibratory or Still's murmur, (2) pulmonary flow murmur, (3) peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis murmur, (4) supraclavicular arterial bruit murmur, and (5) venous hum, will assist the primary care clinician in accomplishing this task in a competent and cost-effective manner.
Topics: Adolescent; Auscultation; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nursing Assessment; Primary Health Care; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 9791388
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Jun 2008Innocent heart murmur is a frequent auscultatory finding in children. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, without need for further investigation. However, excluding... (Review)
Review
Innocent heart murmur is a frequent auscultatory finding in children. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, without need for further investigation. However, excluding heart disease can be a difficult task. This review article describes some features of medical history and physical examination that help in this differentiation. The role of diagnostic tests is also examined.
Topics: Child; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Physical Examination
PubMed: 18751509
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Aug 1999Many normal children have heart murmurs, but most children do not have heart disease. An appropriate history and a properly conducted physical examination can identify... (Review)
Review
Many normal children have heart murmurs, but most children do not have heart disease. An appropriate history and a properly conducted physical examination can identify children at increased risk for significant heart disease. Pathologic causes of systolic murmurs include atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonary or aortic outflow tract abnormalities, and patent ductus arteriosus. An atrial septal defect is often confused with a functional murmur, but the conditions can usually be differentiated based on specific physical findings. Characteristics of pathologic murmurs include a sound level of grade 3 or louder, a diastolic murmur or an increase in intensity when the patient is standing. Most children with any of these findings should be referred to a pediatric cardiologist.
Topics: Auscultation; Child; Child, Preschool; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Palpation; Patient Education as Topic; Referral and Consultation; Teaching Materials
PubMed: 10465230
DOI: No ID Found -
European Heart Journal Jun 2021
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diastole; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Hypertension
PubMed: 33677481
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab109 -
Heart, Lung & Circulation Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Heart Murmurs; Echocardiography
PubMed: 35927192
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.055 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Oct 2015
Review
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Echocardiography; Heart Murmurs; Incidental Findings; Mitral Valve Insufficiency
PubMed: 26456867
DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12405 -
Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the... Dec 2015A dog or a cat has an incidentally detected heart murmur if the murmuris an unexpected discovery during a veterinary consultation that was not initially focused on the... (Review)
Review
A dog or a cat has an incidentally detected heart murmur if the murmuris an unexpected discovery during a veterinary consultation that was not initially focused on the cardiovascular system. This document presents approaches for managing dogs and cats that have incidentally-detected heart murmurs, with an emphasis on murmur characteristics, signalment profiling, and multifactorial decision-making to choose an optimal course for a given patient.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Decision Trees; Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Heart Murmurs; Incidental Findings
PubMed: 26777392
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.05.001