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Digestive Diseases and Sciences Sep 1983In order to assess systemic absorption, serum diatrizoate levels were measured in 25 patients requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Urinary...
In order to assess systemic absorption, serum diatrizoate levels were measured in 25 patients requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Urinary diatrizoate was measured in the urine of seven of these. In five additional patients, diatrizoate was instilled into the duodenum during endoscopy. Blood was drawn before and after completion of the procedure in all patients and at intervals from 2 to 24 hr in nine. Eighteen-hour urine collections were obtained from seven patients. Increases in serum diatrizoate concentration were 7.10 micrograms/ml +/- 3.01 (mean +/- SE) in the duodenal-instillation patients, 230.68 +/- 53.24 micrograms/ml in 9 patients in whom only the pancreatic duct was visualized, 7.83 +/- 1.05 micrograms/ml in three patients in whom only the bile duct was visualized, and 77.67 +/- 28.22 micrograms/ml in 13 patients in whom both ducts were visualized. The mean total urinary excretion of diatrizoate was 3.05 +/- 0.98 g of diatrizoate. Endoscopists performing ERCP should be aware of the likelihood of systemic absorption and the possibility of reactions to iodinated contrast materials in sensitive patients.
Topics: Absorption; Adult; Aged; Cholangiography; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 6884166
DOI: 10.1007/BF01296902 -
Kidney International Jan 1995The incidence of nephrotoxicity occurring with the nonionic contrast agent, iohexol, and the ionic contrast agent, meglumine/sodium diatrizoate, was compared in 1196... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
The incidence of nephrotoxicity occurring with the nonionic contrast agent, iohexol, and the ionic contrast agent, meglumine/sodium diatrizoate, was compared in 1196 patients undergoing cardiac angiography in a prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter trial. Patients were stratified into four groups: renal insufficiency (RI), diabetes mellitus (DM) both absent (N = 364); RI absent, DM present (N = 318); RI present, DM absent (N = 298); and RI and DM both present (N = 216). Serum creatinine levels were measured at -18 to 24, 0, and 24, 48, and 72 hours following contrast administration. Prophylactic hydration was administered pre- and post-angiography. Acute nephrotoxicity (increase in serum creatinine of > or = 1 mg/dl 48 to 72 hours post-contrast) was observed in 42 (7%) patients receiving diatrizoate compared to 19 (3%) patients receiving iohexol, P < 0.002. Differences in nephrotoxicity between the two contrast groups were confined to patients with RI alone or combined with DM. In a multivariate analysis, baseline serum creatinine, male gender, DM, volume of contrast agent, and RI were independently related to the risk of nephrotoxicity. Patients with RI receiving diatrizoate were 3.3 times as likely to develop acute nephrotoxicity compared to those receiving iohexol. Clinically severe adverse renal events were uncommon (N = 15) and did not differ in incidence between contrast groups (iohexol N = 6; diatrizoate N = 9). In conclusion, in patients undergoing cardiac angiography, only those with pre-existing RI alone or combined with DM are at higher risk for acute contrast nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Angiocardiography; Diabetes Complications; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infusions, Intravenous; Iohexol; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency; Risk Factors
PubMed: 7731155
DOI: 10.1038/ki.1995.32 -
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging :... Oct 2007To determine the temporal evolution of diffusion abnormalities of in vivo experimental spinal cord infarction.
PURPOSE
To determine the temporal evolution of diffusion abnormalities of in vivo experimental spinal cord infarction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Guided by a digital subtract angiography (DSA) monitor, an agent of 1:1 match of lipiodol and diatrizoate meglumine was injected into bilateral T9-11 intercostal arteries of six dogs to embolize the spinal branches of intercostal arteries and establish the canine spinal cord infarction models. The progression of experimental spinal cord infarction was followed by dynamic MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on a 1.5 Tesla MR system from one hour to 168 hours postembolization. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated and analyzed. At the end of the MRI experiments, the spinal cords of the animals were fixed for histology.
RESULTS
A total of six experimental models were successfully established. In all cases, DWI images showed slight hyperintensity within one hour postembolization, whereas only four cases presented slight hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. ADC values of spinal cord infarction lesions decreased rapidly at early stage (several hours to 24 hours) and then increased gradually.
CONCLUSION
The temporal evolution of diffusion abnormality of experimental spinal cord infarction may help us better understand various DWI signals in the process of spinal cord infarction.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cohort Studies; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Diffusion; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Hemorrhage; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Iodized Oil; Ischemia; Male; Spinal Cord; Time Factors
PubMed: 17896378
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21044 -
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 2006Although oral contrast agents are known to improve the accuracy of CT colonography (CTC) by tagging fluid and stool, it is not well recognized that oral contrast also...
Although oral contrast agents are known to improve the accuracy of CT colonography (CTC) by tagging fluid and stool, it is not well recognized that oral contrast also adheres to the surface of polyps. The authors' objective was to quantitate the frequency of contrast adhering to polyps. Three hundred thirty-eight optical colonoscopy-proven polyps were identified on CTC of all of the 216 patients with polyps in a larger cohort of screening patients. CT scans of polyps were analyzed for adherent contrast (ie, a thin coat/adherent drops) in at least one view (prone/supine). Forty-six percent of the 312 polyps not touching a contrast pool had adherent contrast. Polyps with villous histology were significantly more likely to have adherent contrast (77% [20/26] vs. 43% [124/286], P<0.001). Oral contrast agents often tag polyp surfaces in a pattern that is distinct from internal tagging of adherent stool, which must be recognized during CTC interpretation. Polyps with villous histology show a higher rate of contrast adherence than nonvillous polyps.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Colonic Polyps; Colonography, Computed Tomographic; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 16365572
DOI: 10.1097/01.rct.0000191686.35968.f1 -
Investigative Radiology May 1986State-of-the-art imaging technology such as digital subtraction angiography can produce coronary artery opacification with contrast media formulations that contain less...
State-of-the-art imaging technology such as digital subtraction angiography can produce coronary artery opacification with contrast media formulations that contain less than 170 mgI/ml. We examined the effect of electrolyte composition in such formulations on the incidence of fibrillation. Right coronary injections of contrast were made for 25 seconds in anesthetized dogs. This injection is longer than clinical injections, but the model approximates the worst condition of a wedged catheter preventing media washout. Formulations of several mixtures of meglumine and sodium diatrizoate (173 to 141 mgI/ml) and sodium diatrizoate alone (143 mgI/ml) produced fibrillation in only 10 to 20% of the injections. Meglumine diatrizoate (141 mgI/ml) and full strength meglumine/sodium diatrizoate (Angiovist 370) produced fibrillation in 100% and 50% of the injections, respectively. These animal studies demonstrate that dilute contrast media containing few or no sodium ions are more likely to induce fibrillation than Angiovist 370, whereas dilute contrast media containing sodium are the least likely to induce fibrillation.
Topics: Angiography; Animals; Contrast Media; Coronary Angiography; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Female; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Subtraction Technique; Ventricular Fibrillation
PubMed: 3519525
DOI: 10.1097/00004424-198605000-00011 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2015Three sensitive, selective, and precise stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the X-ray contrast agent, diatrizoate sodium (DTA) in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A comparative study between three stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for the determination of diatrizoate sodium in presence of its cytotoxic degradation product based on two-wavelength selection.
Three sensitive, selective, and precise stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the X-ray contrast agent, diatrizoate sodium (DTA) in the presence of its acidic degradation product (highly cytotoxic 3,5-diamino metabolite) and in pharmaceutical formulation, were developed and validated. The first method is ratio difference, the second one is the bivariate method, and the third one is the dual wavelength method. The calibration curves for the three proposed methods are linear over a concentration range of 2-24 μg/mL. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory prepared mixtures. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of DTA in pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from other dosage form additives. The results were statistically compared with the official US pharmacopeial method. No significant difference for either accuracy or precision was observed.
Topics: Cell Death; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Light; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry
PubMed: 25791882
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.030 -
Resolution of adhesive small bowel obstruction with a protocol based on Gastrografin administration.Journal of Medicine and Life 2019The use of Gastrografin may have a therapeutic effect on resolving adhesive small bowel obstruction. Adhesive Small Bowel obstruction (ASBO) accounts for the majority of...
The use of Gastrografin may have a therapeutic effect on resolving adhesive small bowel obstruction. Adhesive Small Bowel obstruction (ASBO) accounts for the majority of patients with small bowel obstruction. Most patients are managed conservatively; frequent admissions create a considerable burden. We sought to examine the adherence to the Bologna guidelines for the management of ASBO in a high volume tertiary center and whether or not Gastrografin had a therapeutic effect. A comparison was made between an initial retrospective audit looking at ASBO and a prospective re-audit after applying standards derived from the Bologna guidelines. During re-audit it was found that more patients underwent conservative management and fewer patients had surgery as first line management. In the re-audit, those who had to undergo surgery within/after a period of 72h of conservative management were also fewer. Whether they were managed surgically primarily or after a period of conservative management, the average length of stay was also shorter. In comparison to the preliminary audit, there appeared to be no change in the way that medical history and physical examination was documented during the re-audit. However, there was a marked difference in the use of appropriate blood tests and CT scans. Changes were made successfully following the initial audit results and have been implemented, thus closing the audit loop. This study shows that the use of Gastrografin has decreased the need for surgical intervention in a group of patients with small bowel obstruction.
Topics: Diatrizoate Meglumine; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Prospective Studies; Reference Standards; Retrospective Studies; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 31123519
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2018-0082 -
Archives of Internal Medicine Jan 1985A new complication of intravenous radiographic contrast medium administration is recognized: severe glossitis. The pathophysiology of adverse reactions to contrast media...
A new complication of intravenous radiographic contrast medium administration is recognized: severe glossitis. The pathophysiology of adverse reactions to contrast media is briefly reviewed.
Topics: Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Glossitis; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 3970636
DOI: No ID Found -
Investigative Radiology May 1993In a previous study, intrauterine injection of meglumine-sodium diatrizoate (high osmolar contrast media) during hysterosalpingography was found to induce lengthening of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES
In a previous study, intrauterine injection of meglumine-sodium diatrizoate (high osmolar contrast media) during hysterosalpingography was found to induce lengthening of the QTc interval on electrocardiography. To evaluate the relationship between high osmolality and electrocardiographic changes during intrauterine injection, the authors evaluated the effect on QTc of two ionic contrast agents with different osmolality during routine hysterosalpingography.
METHODS
Forty-eight women undergoing routine hysterosalpingography were included in the study. Thirty-two women received meglumine-sodium diatrizoate (1500 mOsm/kg) and 16 received meglumine-sodium ioxaglate (600 mOsm/kg). QTc changes were evaluated using a 12 lead computerized electrocardiogram system during all the stages of the procedure.
RESULTS
In the meglumine-sodium diatrizoate group, QTc interval was prolonged significantly from 419 +/- 19 msec at baseline to 447 +/- 30 msec during injection of contrast material, P < .001, and returned to baseline values in late phase (416 +/- 18 msec). The meglumine-sodium ioxaglate group showed no change in the QTc interval.
CONCLUSION
As the single major difference between the two ionic agents is osmolality, we believe that QTc interval prolongation in the meglumine-sodium diatrizoate group is related to increased osmolality.
Topics: Adult; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart; Humans; Hysterosalpingography; Ioxaglic Acid; Osmolar Concentration; Uterus
PubMed: 8496038
DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199305000-00012 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 1985Transient myocardial depression associated with intracoronary injections of contrast medium has been attributed to hypertonicity and to calcium binding. To further...
Transient myocardial depression associated with intracoronary injections of contrast medium has been attributed to hypertonicity and to calcium binding. To further assess the importance of calcium binding, a new technique for continuous monitoring of coronary sinus ionized calcium with an intravascular calcium-selective electrode was used. With this calcium-selective electrode the effects of intracoronary injection in dogs of a conventional ionic contrast agent, sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76), and a new nonionic agent, iohexol, were assessed and compared. Left ventricular pressure was measured with a micromanometer catheter. After bolus injection of 0.2 ml/kg body weight of Renografin-76 (n = 10), coronary sinus pCa increased by 0.27 from 2.98 +/- 0.02 to 3.25 +/- 0.03, indicating a decrease in ionized calcium from 2.0 to 1.1 mEq/liter. With iohexol (n = 9), pCa increased by only 0.05 +/- 0.01 (p less than 0.001), indicating a decrease in ionized calcium from 2.0 to 1.8 mEq/liter. Peak changes occurred approximately 6 seconds after injection. Renografin-76 caused a marked decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure (140 +/- 7 to 106 +/- 8 mm Hg) and in heart rate (122 +/- 7 to 101 +/- 5 beats/min) with an increase in end-diastolic pressure (5 +/- 1 to 12 +/- 1 mm Hg), whereas iohexol did not significantly alter these variables. Using Renografin-76 with calcium added to achieve an ionized calcium level of 2 (n = 4), 4 (n = 4) or 6 (n = 4) mEq/liter, the changes in coronary sinus pCa were abolished and the hemodynamic changes attenuated. These findings indicate that Renografin-76 results in greater myocardial depression than the new nonionic agent iohexol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Contrast Media; Coronary Vessels; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Dogs; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Iohexol; Triiodobenzoic Acids
PubMed: 4031299
DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(85)80493-9