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The British Journal of Dermatology Dec 1975Two cases of hypertrichosis due to diazoxide are described. The mechanism is unknown bu may be due either to increased cutaneous perfusion or to increased levels of...
Two cases of hypertrichosis due to diazoxide are described. The mechanism is unknown bu may be due either to increased cutaneous perfusion or to increased levels of cyclic AMP.
Topics: Aged; Child; Diazoxide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrichosis; Hypoglycemia; Male
PubMed: 1220817
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb05123.x -
JAMA Jan 1976Diazoxide given for hypertensive crises caused severe complications in two patients. Hypotension, anginal syndrome, cerebral ischemia, and right hemiplegia developed in...
Diazoxide given for hypertensive crises caused severe complications in two patients. Hypotension, anginal syndrome, cerebral ischemia, and right hemiplegia developed in one patient, and myocardial infarction in the other.
Topics: Acute Disease; Diazoxide; Female; Hemiplegia; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Injections, Intravenous; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 946045
DOI: No ID Found -
Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin Jan 1972
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diazoxide; Humans; Hypertension; Injections, Intravenous
PubMed: 5014555
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Pharmacology and... Jul 1974
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Water; Depression, Chemical; Diazoxide; Drinking Behavior; Kidney; Male; Nephrectomy; Parasympathomimetics; Propranolol; Rats; Renin; Tolazoline; Water Deprivation
PubMed: 4152587
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Jan 1967
Topics: Adult; Diazoxide; Female; Humans; Leukopenia; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 4163755
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(67)92461-0 -
Paediatric Anaesthesia Jul 2004Hyperinsulism is a rare cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. Therapy can be accomplished either surgically or pharmacologically. Diazoxide treatment...
Hyperinsulism is a rare cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. Therapy can be accomplished either surgically or pharmacologically. Diazoxide treatment remains the mainstay of medical therapy. Tolerance of diazoxide is usually excellent, but several adverse effects of this drug have been described. A case of severe diazoxide intoxication with fluid retention, congestive heart failure, and respiratory failure is reported. The patient was a 43-day-old infant, affected by persistent and severe hypoglycemia. After the diagnosis, hyperinsulinism was established he was treated with diazoxide (17 mg x kg(-1) daily) and octreotide (12 microg x kg(-1) daily). A few days later he presented with hepatomegaly, severe fluid retention, diffuse edema, congestive heart failure, and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. After introduction of ACE inhibitors he developed acute renal failure. The clinical condition worsened and he developed pulmonary hypertension requiring high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Diazoxide was stopped on the 12th day in spite of poor control of blood sugar. During the next 5 days his hemodynamic status dramatically improved and he was weaned from catecholamines: he lost weight, had a negative fluid balance, and the edema disappeared, a normal diuresis resumed and renal function improved. Improvement of respiratory patterns and gas exchange made it possible to switch back to conventional ventilation and then to extubate the patient. Echocardiography demonstrated reduction of the PA pressure to normal and resolution of atrial enlargement. The patient was scheduled for elective subtotal pancreatectomy. Diagnosis and management of diazoxide intoxication are discussed.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diazoxide; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Infant; Male; Pancreatectomy; Potassium Channels; Respiratory Insufficiency; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 15200661
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01276.x -
Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine Sep 19751. To assess whether diazoxide-induced sodium retention is due to a direct renal action of the durg, independent of its systemic haemodynamic effects, diazoxide was...
1. To assess whether diazoxide-induced sodium retention is due to a direct renal action of the durg, independent of its systemic haemodynamic effects, diazoxide was infused directly into one renal artery of hydropenic rats. During the infusion period there was a small fall in mean systemic arterial blood pressure. There were no significant changes in the clearances of inulin or p-aminohippurate by either kidney. 2. Absolute and fractional excretion of sodium were unchanged on the non-infused side. On the side of infusion, there was a significant increase in absolute and in fractional sodium excretion. 3. Thus natriuresis rather than sodium retention seems to be the direct renal effect of diazoxide and may be related to its vasodilator properties.
Topics: Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Blood Pressure; Diazoxide; Female; Infusions, Parenteral; Inulin; Kidney; Rats; Sodium
PubMed: 1175343
DOI: 10.1042/cs0490277 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Dec 2004Prolonged periods of "beta-cell rest" exert beneficial effects on insulin secretion from pancreatic islets subjected to a high-glucose environment. Here, we tested for...
Prolonged periods of "beta-cell rest" exert beneficial effects on insulin secretion from pancreatic islets subjected to a high-glucose environment. Here, we tested for effects of short-term intermittent rest achieved by diazoxide. Rat islets were cultured for 48 h with 27 mmol/l glucose alone, with diazoxide present for 2 h every 12 h or with continuous 48-h presence of diazoxide. Both protocols with diazoxide enhanced the postculture insulin response to 27 mmol/l glucose, to 200 mumol/l tolbutamide, and to 20 mmol/l KCl. Intermittent diazoxide did not affect islet insulin content and enhanced only K(ATP)-dependent secretion, whereas continuous diazoxide increased islet insulin contents and enhanced both K(ATP)-dependent and -independent secretory effects of glucose. Intermittent and continuous diazoxide alike increased postculture ATP-to-ADP ratios, failed to affect [(14)C]glucose oxidation, but decreased oxidation of [(14)C]oleate. Neither of the two protocols affected gene expression of the ion channel-associated proteins Kir6.2, sulfonylurea receptor 1, voltage-dependent calcium channel-alpha1, or Kv2.1. Continuous, but not intermittent, diazoxide decreased significantly mRNA for uncoupling protein-2. A 2-h exposure to 20 mmol/l KCl or 10 mumol/l cycloheximide abrogated the postculture effects of intermittent, but not of continuous, diazoxide. Intermittent diazoxide decreased islet levels of the SNARE protein SNAP-25, and KCl antagonized this effect. Thus short-term intermittent diazoxide treatment has beneficial functional effects that encompass some but not all characteristics of continuous diazoxide treatment. The results support the soundness of intermittent beta-cell rest as a treatment strategy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Apoptosis; Cycloheximide; Diazoxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Oleic Acid; Oxidation-Reduction; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; SNARE Proteins; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vesicular Transport Proteins
PubMed: 15292032
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00255.2004 -
Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2013Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is the most common cause of severe and persistent hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period. Diazoxide, a KATP channel activator, is the...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is the most common cause of severe and persistent hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period. Diazoxide, a KATP channel activator, is the first line of treatment for patients with HH.
METHODS
We present 2 cases diagnosed with HH in the neonatal period. Both were started on diazoxide as the first line of treatment and the dose was titrated in order to achieve euglycaemia.
RESULTS
When the dose of diazoxide was increased to 15 mg/kg/day, we noted that both infants had increased frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes associated with an increase in the intravenous glucose infusion rate required to maintain normoglycaemia. When the diazoxide was stopped, the intravenous glucose infusion rate decreased and the frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes significantly reduced. The period between the increase in the dose of diazoxide and the onset of increased episodes of hypoglycaemia varied from 12 to 48 h.
CONCLUSION
We report for the first time that diazoxide can cause paradoxical hypoglycaemia when used in moderate to high doses in infants with HH. Our clinical observations support the recent in vitro observations on pancreatic tissue isolated from patients with HH, where diazoxide caused an unanticipated increase in insulin secretion. These observations have important implications for managing patients with HH.
Topics: Congenital Hyperinsulinism; Diazoxide; Female; Glucagon; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant; Octreotide; Sulfonylurea Receptors
PubMed: 23886961
DOI: 10.1159/000353773 -
Clinical Pediatrics Nov 1979The safety and efficacy of diazoxide administered intravenously in the treatment of children with acute severe hypertension have been evaluated by a collaborative study....
The safety and efficacy of diazoxide administered intravenously in the treatment of children with acute severe hypertension have been evaluated by a collaborative study. Observations of the response of blood pressure in 36 patients, ranging in age from two months to 18 years, during the initial episode of hospitalization reveal diazoxide treatment to be effective in lowering blood pressure in 94 per cent of the cases. No serious adverse circulatory, fluid and electrolyte, metabolic or hematologic effects were observed. Symptomatic and subjective reactions observed with diazoxide administered intravenously to children were identical with those described in adults. Reinstitution of other means of antihypertensive therapy is safe and effective when delayed until the transiently induced period of hypotension has passed. Repeated use of diazoxide for subsequent recurrence of severe hypertension was equally effective and safe in 93 per cent of the instances. The results lead us to recommend the use of intravenous diazoxide for treatment of children with severe symptomatic hypertension especially when it is refractory to control by other hypertensive agents.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Diazoxide; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Injections, Intravenous; Male
PubMed: 498689
DOI: 10.1177/000992287901801102