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Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2020Activated cokes have attracted great interest inwater treatment to remove organic pollutants due to their low cost and specific textural properties. In this study,...
Activated cokes have attracted great interest inwater treatment to remove organic pollutants due to their low cost and specific textural properties. In this study, adsorptive removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF) from neutral aqueous solution by available lignite activated cokes (LACs) was reported for the first time. Diclofenac sodium could be quickly removed from aqueous solution by LAC-2, with the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity q of 224 mg/g at pH 6.5. Characterization results (including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analyses, Boehm titrations, N adsorption-desorption isotherms and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and a series of adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms model studies revealed that high porosity with developed macro- and micropore structures on LAC-2, as well as high content of phenolic groups, could obviously enhance the DCF adsorption capacity and rate. Moreover, LAC-2 showed high affinity towards DCF at low concentrations, as well as good reusability after three adsorption-desorption cycles. pH effect studies revealed that hydrogen-bonding interaction plays an important role during adsorption, accompanied with certain contribution from electrostatic interaction and π-π interaction. This study indicates the promising potential of LAC-2 as an efficient, low-cost and recyclable material for DCF removal from water bodies.
Topics: Adsorption; Coal; Coke; Diclofenac; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 31628061
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121284 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Jan 2023To develop a diclofenac sodium-loaded gelatin scaffold with anti-inflammatory activity and provide a new avenue for alleviating the inflammatory response and enhancing...
OBJECTIVE
To develop a diclofenac sodium-loaded gelatin scaffold with anti-inflammatory activity and provide a new avenue for alleviating the inflammatory response and enhancing cartilage regeneration .
METHODS
Diclofenac sodium was homogeneously mixed with gelatin to prepare a diclofenac sodium-loaded porous gelatin scaffold by freeze-drying method as the experimental group, and a pristine porous gelatin scaffold was served as a control group. The general morphology of the scaffold was observed, the pore size of the scaffold was measured by scanning electron microscopy, the porosity of the scaffold was calculated by drainage method, the loading of diclofenac sodium into the gelatin scaffold was detected by fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffraction examinations, and the release kinetics of diclofenac sodium from gelatin scaffold was tested using an release assay. The two scaffolds were co-cultured with lipopolysaccharide-predisposed RAW264.7 , and the expressions of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, and Western blot, to detect the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug-loaded scaffold. Thereafter, the second generation chondrocytes of New Zealand white rabbits were inoculated on the two groups of scaffolds for culture, and the cytocompatibility of the scaffold was tested by live/dead staining and cell counting kit 8 assay, the feasibility of cartilage regeneration of the scaffold was evaluated via gross observation, HE staining, Safranin-O staining, and immunohistochemical collagen type Ⅱ staining, as well as biochemical quantitative analyses. Finally, the two groups of chondrocyte-scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into New Zealand white rabbits, and after 4 weeks, the general observation, HE staining, safranin O staining, immunohistochemical collagen type Ⅱ staining, and biochemical quantitative analyses were performed to verify the cartilage regeneration , and the expression of inflammation-related genes CD3 and CD68 was detected by RT-PCR to comprehensively evaluate the anti-inflammatory performance of the scaffolds .
RESULTS
The two scaffolds exhibited similar gross, microporous structure, pore size, and porosity, showing no significant difference (>0.05). Diclofenac sodium was successfully loaded into gelatin scaffold. Data from anti-inflammatory assay suggested that diclofenac sodium-loaded gelatin scaffold showed alleviated gene and protein expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α when compared with gelatin scaffold (<0.05). The evaluation of cartilage regeneration showed that the number of living cells increased significantly with the extension of culture time, and there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point (>0.05). White cartilage-like tissue was regenerated from the scaffolds in both groups, histological observation showed typical cartilage lacuna structure and specific cartilage extracellular matrix secretion. There was no significant difference in the content of cartilage-specific glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type Ⅱ between the two groups (>0.05). experiments showed that the samples in the experimental group had porcelain white cartilage like morphology, histologic staining showed obvious cartilage lacuna structure and cartilage specific extracellular matrix, the contents of GAG and collagen type Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the protein and mRNA expressions of CD3 and CD68 were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant differences (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The diclofenac sodium-loaded gelatin scaffold presents suitable pore size, porosity, and cytocompatibility, as well as exhibited satisfactory anti-inflammatory ability, providing a reliable scheme for alleviating the inflammatory reaction of regenerated cartilage tissue after implantation and promoting cartilage regeneration .
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Gelatin; Tissue Scaffolds; Diclofenac; Tissue Engineering; Collagen Type II; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Cartilage; Chondrocytes; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Regeneration; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 36708121
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202207114 -
Pharmaceutical Development and... Aug 2014Sustained release diclofenac sodium (Df-Na) solid lipid matrices with Compritol® 888 ATO were developed in this study. The drug/lipid powders were processed via cold...
Sustained release diclofenac sodium (Df-Na) solid lipid matrices with Compritol® 888 ATO were developed in this study. The drug/lipid powders were processed via cold and hot melt extrusion at various drug loadings. The influence of the processing temperatures, drug loading and the addition of excipients on the obtained dissolution rates was investigated. The physicochemical characterization of the extruded batches showed the existence of crystalline drug in the extrudates with a small amount being solubilized in the lipid matrix. The drug content and uniformity on the tablet surface were also investigated by using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The dissolution rates were found to depend on the actual Df-Na loading and the nature of the added excipients, while the effect of the processing temperatures was negligible. The dissolution mechanism of all extruded formulations followed Peppas-Korsemeyer law, based on the estimated determination coefficients and the dissolution constant rates, indicating drug diffusion from the lipid matrices.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diclofenac; Fatty Acids; Hot Temperature; Solubility
PubMed: 23763447
DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.805775 -
The Journal of Rheumatology Sep 2009To measure the efficacy and safety of diclofenac sodium gel in patients with primary hand osteoarthritis (OA). (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To measure the efficacy and safety of diclofenac sodium gel in patients with primary hand osteoarthritis (OA).
METHODS
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, men and women aged > or = 40 years diagnosed with primary OA in the dominant hand were randomly assigned to self-apply topical 1% diclofenac sodium gel (Voltaren Gel) (n = 198) or vehicle (n = 187) to both hands 4 times daily for 8 weeks. Primary outcome measures included OA pain intensity (100-mm visual analog scale), total Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) score, and global rating of disease activity at 4 and 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included onset of efficacy in Weeks 1 and 2, durability of efficacy at 8 weeks, measures of disease activity in the dominant hand, pain intensity in the non-dominant hand, AUSCAN subindices, end of study rating of efficacy, and Osteoarthritis Research Society International response criteria.
RESULTS
Diclofenac sodium gel decreased pain intensity scores by 42%-45%, total AUSCAN scores by 35%-40%, and global rating of disease by 36%-40%. Significant differences favoring diclofenac sodium gel over vehicle were observed at Week 4 for pain intensity and AUSCAN, with a trend for global rating of disease activity. At Week 6, diclofenac sodium gel treatment significantly improved each primary outcome measure compared with vehicle. Secondary outcomes generally supported the primary outcomes. The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) was application-site paresthesia. Most AE were mild. No cardiac events, gastrointestinal bleeding, or ulcers were reported.
CONCLUSION
Topical diclofenac sodium gel was generally well tolerated and effective in primary hand OA. (NCT ID: NCT00171665).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthralgia; Diclofenac; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Hand Joints; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19648310
DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.081316 -
Macromolecular Bioscience Jan 2023The aim of this study is to prepare dissolvable biopolymeric microneedle (MN) patches composed solely of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a water-soluble cellulose...
The aim of this study is to prepare dissolvable biopolymeric microneedle (MN) patches composed solely of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a water-soluble cellulose derivative with good film-forming ability, by micromolding technology for the transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium salt (DCF). The MNs with ≈456 µm in height displayed adequate morphology, thermal stability up to 200 °C, and the required mechanical strength for skin insertion (>0.15 N needle ). Experiments in ex vivo abdominal human skin demonstrate the insertion capability of the CMC_DCF MNs up to 401 µm in depth. The dissolution of the patches in saline buffer results in a maximum cumulative release of 98% of diclofenac after 40 min, and insertion in a skin simulant reveals that all MNs completely dissolve within 10 min. Moreover, the MN patches are noncytotoxic toward human keratinocytes. These results suggest that the MN patches produced with CMC are promising biopolymeric systems for the rapid administration of DCF in a minimally invasive manner.
Topics: Humans; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Diclofenac; Administration, Cutaneous; Skin; Drug Delivery Systems
PubMed: 36189897
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200323 -
The Breast Journal Jul 2017Mondor's disease of the breast is a rare, benign sclerosing superficial thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterior or lateral chest wall, which is...
Mondor's disease of the breast is a rare, benign sclerosing superficial thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterior or lateral chest wall, which is treated conservatively. We aim in this study to evaluate the outcome and effectiveness of our treatment protocol using oral diclofenac sodium and topical diclofenac sodium patch in 172 patients. A retrospective database analysis of 172 female patients between January 2001 and December 2010 was done. The treatment protocol consisted of group 1: treatment by oral diclofenac sodium 100 mg once daily for 3 weeks. Group 2: treatment by diclofenac sodium patches for 8 hours twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 week. The patients were instructed to document the time as soon as pain relief is achieved following the patch application and the intake of the oral dose. The incidence rate was 2.49%. Diclofenac sodium patch was statistically found to be significantly better in subsiding the inflammatory process of the veins, relieving the pain, and enhancing faster healing rate. We conclude that diclofenac sodium patch showed a promising role in the treatment of Mondor's disease of the breast by significantly decreasing the inflammatory process due to its transdermal migration action within a short period and the ability to reach a high local concentration. It achieved the best results for rapid relief of pain and disease regression compared to the oral capsules. Therefore, our protocol was changed to implement diclofenac sodium patch as the first choice in treating Mondor's disease of the breast.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Breast Diseases; Databases, Factual; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Thrombophlebitis; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 28079297
DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12752 -
Eksperimental'naia I Klinicheskaia... 2010Diclofenac sodium is one of the most prescribed NSAIDs in the world which is frequently used in therapy of musculosceletal diseases. Therefore it is important to justify... (Review)
Review
Diclofenac sodium is one of the most prescribed NSAIDs in the world which is frequently used in therapy of musculosceletal diseases. Therefore it is important to justify clinical and literary data about diclofenac hepatotoxicity. We searched for diclofenac versus placebo investigations performed in patients with osteoarthrosis. A method of the search included international databases such as EMBASE, Cochrane Database, databases of medical publishers and search engines. Total amount of patients in all trials was 1121. 583 patients took diclofenac and 538 ones took placebo. Meta-analysis was performed in StatsDirect software. We estimated 95% confidence interval, Q and 12 criteria, Mantel-Haenszel and DerSimonian-Laird statistics and relative risk of adverse reactions. Relative risk of hepatitis in diclofenac group did not differ from placebo. Hereby the fact of diclofenac hepatotoxicity needs more detailed study and genetic factors of risk should be taken into account.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Diclofenac; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk
PubMed: 21434381
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2018Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant lesion caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light. The aim of this research was to analyze the efficacy of...
OBJECTIVE
Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant lesion caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light. The aim of this research was to analyze the efficacy of diclofenac sodium 3% gel in the treatment of this condition, through clinical follow-up.
METHODS
Thirty-one patients diagnosed with AC were instructed to perform a topical application of the gel three times a day for a period of 90 days. In each visit, a digital photography was obtained for verified progress and response to treatment. Two researchers evaluated all images after treatment was completed and assigned the following scores regarding clinical aspect of the lip: 1, complete improvement; 2, partial improvement; 3, no changes; 4, worsening of the clinical condition. In addition, the patients' tolerability to the drug and their satisfaction after treatment were evaluated.
RESULTS
Twelve cases abandoned the treatment for reasons unrelated to the study. Ten participants showed total remission of all clinical features of the lesion and three had partial improvement of the characteristics. One participant presented worsening of clinical condition, and in five cases, treatment was discontinued due to development of mild adverse effects at the site of gel application. Regarding satisfaction analyses and tolerability to the drug, from 14 patients who completed treatment without adverse effects or complications, most agreed fully that they were satisfied with the therapy (n = 11) and that the drug was not irritating to the mouth (n = 9). Patients are being monitored without clinical signs of recurrence and/or progression of the lesions.
CONCLUSION
Topical application of the drug has provided a convenient and well tolerated in most cases.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Diclofenac sodium gel (3%) may be a promising alternative for treatment of actinic cheilitis.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cheilitis; Diclofenac; Female; Gels; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28986686
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2237-5 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Jul 2008Actinic keratoses are increasingly common skin lesions that are evaluated and treated by dermatologists on a daily basis. It is estimated that more than 90% of actinic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Actinic keratoses are increasingly common skin lesions that are evaluated and treated by dermatologists on a daily basis. It is estimated that more than 90% of actinic keratoses in the US are treated by destructive therapies, such as cryosurgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sequential therapy of cryosurgery followed by diclofenac sodium 3% gel.
METHODS
This prospective, double-arm, multicenter, open-label, phase 4 study was performed at 82 community dermatology centers in the US. A total of 714 subjects who had a clinical diagnosis of actinic keratosis with between 5 and 15 lesions contained in a target area such as the forehead, scalp, and hands were enrolled in the study. These subjects were randomized into 2 arms of the study: cryosurgery alone and cryosurgery followed by diclofenac sodium 3% gel for a period of 90 days. Lesion counts were assessed at baseline, and 45, 75, 105, and 135 days after cryosurgery.
RESULTS
Of the 521 patients enrolled in the study who successfully completed all of the visits concluding on day 135, 277 were in the cryosurgery alone arm and 244 were in the cryosurgery followed by diclofenac sodium 3% gel arm. At the conclusion of the study, 46% of the subjects in the cryosurgery followed by the use of diclofenac sodium 3% gel arm achieved 100% cumulative (target plus new lesions) lesion clearance compared to 21% in the cryosurgery alone arm (P < .0001). One hundred percent target lesion clearance was achieved in 64% of the subjects in the active arm compared to 32% in the cryosurgery alone arm (P < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS
With the increased prevalence of actinic keratoses, it is important to consider and evaluate emerging therapeutic options. The sequential treatment with cryosurgery followed by diclofenac sodium 3% gel for 90 days is well tolerated and can provide a therapeutic modality that may provide patients with actinic keratoses a more successful outcome than monotherapy with cryosurgery by effectively treating clinical and subclinical lesions.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Combined Modality Therapy; Cryosurgery; Diclofenac; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gels; Humans; Keratosis; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; United States
PubMed: 18664159
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Biological... Apr 2024Diclofenac sodium (DCF) was reported as an important emerging environmental pollutant and its removal from wastewater is very urgent. In this study, different alkyl...
Diclofenac sodium (DCF) was reported as an important emerging environmental pollutant and its removal from wastewater is very urgent. In this study, different alkyl substituted ionic liquids (1-alkyl -3-vinyl- imidazolium bromide [CVIm]Br, n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) functionalized tragacanth gum (TG-CBr) are prepared by radiation induced grafting and crosslinking polymerization. The adsorption behaviors of ionic liquids functionalized tragacanth gum for diclofenac sodium from aqueous solutions are examined. The adsorption capacity of TG-CBr for diclofenac sodium increases with the increasing of alkyl chain length of the imidazolium cation and the hydrophobicity of the hydrogels. The maximum adsorption capacity by TG-CBr for diclofenac sodium at 30, 40 and 50 °C were 327.87, 310.56 and 283.29 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of TG-CBr towards diclofenac sodium was little decreased with NaCl increasing. The removal efficiency was still remained 94.55 % within 5 adsorption-desorption cycles by 1 M HCl. Also, the adsorption mechanism including electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π - π interaction was proposed.
Topics: Ionic Liquids; Diclofenac; Tragacanth; Hydrogels; Water; Adsorption; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38462106
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130758