-
Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2022Composite materials are effective adsorbents for the removal of various types of contaminants, such as pharmaceutical products. However, they require improvement to...
Composite materials are effective adsorbents for the removal of various types of contaminants, such as pharmaceutical products. However, they require improvement to achieve a good adsorption capacity. This study presents the development of a promising adsorbent: silica/chitosan modified with different proportions of glutaraldehyde, which involves the D-glucosamine units from chitosan. The developed materials were evaluated for their ability to remove diclofenac sodium. The adsorption data showed that the diclofenac adsorption efficiency increased with increasing degree of glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The equilibrium and kinetic data were well fit by the Liu and Elovich models, respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 237.8 mg/g. Therefore, it can be assumed that the process is predominantly chemical and exothermic, with a high affinity between the adsorbents and diclofenac sodium. The adsorption mechanisms were investigated to better understand the interactions, and the predominance of covalent bonds with the self-polymerized glutaraldehyde was verified.
Topics: Adsorption; Chitosan; Diclofenac; Glutaral; Particle Size; Solubility; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 34893273
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118868 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Apr 2024The current investigation emphasizes the use of fucoidan and sericin as dual-role biomaterials for obtaining novel nanohybrid systems for the delivery of diclofenac...
The current investigation emphasizes the use of fucoidan and sericin as dual-role biomaterials for obtaining novel nanohybrid systems for the delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS) and the potential treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. The innovative formulations containing 4 mg/ml of fucoidan and 3 mg/ml of sericin showed an average diameter of about 200 nm, a low polydispersity index (0.17) and a negative surface charge. The hybrid nanosystems demonstrated high stability at various pHs and temperatures, as well as in both saline and glucose solutions. The Rose Bengal assay evidenced that fucoidan is the primary modulator of relative surface hydrophobicity with a two-fold increase of this parameter when compared to sericin nanoparticles. The interaction between the drug and the nanohybrids was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. Moreover, the release profile of DS from the colloidal systems showed a prolonged and constant drug leakage over time both at pH 5 and 7. The DS-loaded nanohybrids (DIFUCOSIN) induced a significant decrease of IL-6 and IL-1β with respect to the active compound in human chondrocytes evidencing a synergistic action of the individual components of nanosystems and the drug and demonstrating the potential application of the proposed nanomedicine for the treatment of inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Diclofenac; Sericins; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Nanoparticles; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Sodium Chloride; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38531433
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124034 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Sep 2023In recent years, advancements in bioengineering and materials science have witnessed increasing interest in synthetic polymers capable of fulfilling various...
In recent years, advancements in bioengineering and materials science have witnessed increasing interest in synthetic polymers capable of fulfilling various applications. Owing to their distinctive properties, Pluronics can be used as nano-drug carriers, to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs, and as model systems to study colloidal science by tuning amphiphilic properties. In this work, we investigated the effect of diclofenac sodium on the self-assembly and thermoresponsive crystallization of Pluronic F68 in water solutions, by employing experimental rheology and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). We built a complete phase diagram as a function of temperature and concentration for 45 wt% Pluronic F68 with various amounts of diclofenac sodium in water. The morphological transitions were followed as a function of temperature via linear rheology. We extrapolated the transition temperatures - identifying distinct phases - as a function of the drug concentration and proposed an empirical model for their prediction. NMR analysis provided further information on the structural characteristics of the systems, shedding light on the interactions between F68 and diclofenac sodium. Although dealing with a pharmaceutical salt, the study is focused on a colloidal system and its interaction with a binding molecule, that is of general interest for colloidal science.
Topics: Phase Transition; Diclofenac; Solutions; Poloxamer; Rheology; Temperature; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Diffusion
PubMed: 37647976
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123353 -
International Journal of Biological... Mar 2023Microwave-assisted grafting of polyacrylamide on sesbania gum (PAAM-g-SG) was implemented employing a 3 full factorial experimental design and was hydrolyzed using...
Microwave-assisted grafting of polyacrylamide on sesbania gum (PAAM-g-SG) was implemented employing a 3 full factorial experimental design and was hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form H-PAAM-g-SG. Further, the diclofenac sodium-loaded novel pH-sensitive interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) microbeads were designed using an optimized H-PAAM-g-SG and sodium alginate (SA). Different spectroscopic analysis including FTIR spectroscopy, H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, etc. was performed to confirm the synthesis of PAAM-g-SG and diclofenac-loaded pH-sensitive IPN H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads. Here, Ca ions combine with two strands of SA and form a round-shape structure that encloses uncross-linked H-PAAM-g-SG polymer and diclofenac sodium. As well, glutaraldehyde (GL) addition improved the mechanical strength due to acetal structure between hydroxyl of H-PAAM-g-SG and aldehyde of GL. The drug entrapment was confirmed proportional relationship to the Ca ions concentration whereas an increase in GL concentration resulted in a reduced drug entrapment. The pH pulsatile study assured the reversible swelling-shrinkage behavior of IPN microbeads due to the carboxyl group of PAAM-g-SG. The drug release from H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads (batch: S9) was found to be 84.21 % (12h) which was non-significant (p > 0.05; f2 = 79 ∼ 90) over marketed formulation (83.31 %). Moreover, it follows the Korsmeyer Peppas (R = 0.996) as the best-fit release kinetic model. The pH-sensitive release of diclofenac sodium from IPN H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads was assured based on in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.05). Therefore, developed novel pH-sensitive IPN microbeads based on H-PAAM-g-SG are a promising polymeric carrier substitute for delivery of drugs actuated by a pH stimulus.
Topics: Diclofenac; Sesbania; Microspheres; Polymers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 36716842
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123360 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Aug 2022Invited for the cover of this issue are Dang Cheng, Fener Chen and co-workers at Fudan University. The image depicts six-step continuous-flow synthesis of diclofenac...
Invited for the cover of this issue are Dang Cheng, Fener Chen and co-workers at Fudan University. The image depicts six-step continuous-flow synthesis of diclofenac sodium from commercially available aniline and chloroacetic acid in a desktop microchemical plant. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201420.
Topics: Diclofenac; Humans
PubMed: 35880653
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202097 -
Current Medical Research and Opinion 1983A double-blind controlled, between-patient trial was carried out in 40 patients with painful stiff shoulder to compare the effect of treatment with either 50 mg... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
A double-blind controlled, between-patient trial was carried out in 40 patients with painful stiff shoulder to compare the effect of treatment with either 50 mg diclofenac sodium or 400 mg ibuprofen given 3-times daily for 2 weeks. The results of assessments made before and after treatment showed that although both drugs produced some improvement no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of pain relief or the range of movement were evident. The incidence of side-effects was also similar.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diclofenac; Humans; Ibuprofen; Middle Aged; Periarthritis; Phenylacetates; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 6340976
DOI: 10.1185/03007998309112396 -
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology.... 1978In a double-blind crossover trial conducted on a multicentre basis, 109 patients with "classic" or "definite" rheumatoid arthritis were treated for two weeks with... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
In a double-blind crossover trial conducted on a multicentre basis, 109 patients with "classic" or "definite" rheumatoid arthritis were treated for two weeks with diclofenac sodium (Voltaren, 25 mg t.i.d.) and indomethacin (25 mg t.i.d). Both drugs led to a clear-cut decrease in morning stiffness, as well as to a significant improvement in pain at rest and on movement. In these respects no significant difference between the two-drugs was observed. As regards their effect on status of rheumatoid condition, however, a trend towards a significant improvement was discernible, in the investigator's opinion, only in response to diclofenac sodium. "Unwanted effects" were mentioned by 25 patients before the trial, by 31 during treatment with diclofenac sodium, and by 33 during treatment with indomethacin. While the patients were receiving indomethacin, five of them discontinued treatment on account of side effects (headache in three cases, headache and tiredness in one case, and an allergic skin reaction in one case) and one of them, who complained of headache, lowered the dosage; treatment with diclofenac sodium was discontinued because of side effects by only one patient, who had developed an allergic skin reaction.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diclofenac; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Indomethacin; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylacetates
PubMed: 356246
DOI: 10.3109/03009747809097217 -
Environmental Technology Jun 2024Diclofenac sodium (DS) is now recognized as an emerging pollutant, and is one of the most commonly discovered pharmaceuticals in water due to its extensive application...
Diclofenac sodium (DS) is now recognized as an emerging pollutant, and is one of the most commonly discovered pharmaceuticals in water due to its extensive application in the clinic. This study examined the adsorption performance of a polystyrene-supported ionic liquid material (PS-[Nim][Cl]) for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DS) from water. The data from this study showed that maximum removal of DS can be achieved even in conditions with significant pH and temperature fluctuations. The adsorption process was rapid, more than 90% of DS could be removed within the first 10 min and adsorption equilibrium could be reached in just 30 min with a high removal efficiency (>99.9%). Adsorption reached saturation with a maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 785.2 mg/g. Moreover, the presence of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, and HPO ions had little influence on DS adsorption, even when concentrations of these ions were 10,000 times higher than that of DS in water samples. The adsorbent also showed promising performance for the treatment of environmental water samples and groundwater containing DS.
Topics: Diclofenac; Polystyrenes; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Ionic Liquids; Adsorption; Water Purification; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 37184044
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2214856 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Apr 1984
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Cholelithiasis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colic; Diclofenac; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Phenylacetates
PubMed: 6423186
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6423.1042 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Jul 2017The aim of the study is to evaluate the ototoxicity of topical diclofenac sodium in comparison to positive and negative controls prior to the investigation of analgesic...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study is to evaluate the ototoxicity of topical diclofenac sodium in comparison to positive and negative controls prior to the investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of the agent in otic administration.
METHODS
Twenty four ears of 12 guinea pigs were included in the study. Wide myringotomy was performed on all tympanic membranes under general anesthesia and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were evaluated. The subjects were separated into four groups, two groups received diclofenac sodium at low and high doses, positive controls received gentamicin and negative controls received isotonic sodium chloride topically for 14 days and ABRs were reevaluated.
RESULTS
No significant difference were observed between the pre and post-treatment click response, 1 kHz and 8 kHz response threshold levels after isotonic sodium chloride administration. All threshold levels were elevated in the positive control group. In the low and high dose diclofenac sodium groups, click response, 1 kHz and 8 kHz response threshold levels were significantly higher compared to the baseline values. Pre and post-treatment mean threshold level changes were not significantly different between the low and high dose diclofenac sodium groups. Pre and post-treatment mean threshold level changes in the gentamicin group were not significantly different from low or high dose diclofenac sodium groups.
CONCLUSION
Diclofenac sodium, considered as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory otic preparation, is shown to be as ototoxic as gentamicin in chronic use which may lead to loss of hearing especially when used topically in chronic otitis cases with tympanic membrane damage.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Auditory Threshold; Diclofenac; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Gentamicins; Guinea Pigs; Hearing; Male; Tympanic Membrane
PubMed: 28583486
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.039