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Aging Feb 2018
Topics: Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 29443693
DOI: 10.18632/aging.101382 -
Nutrients Dec 2021Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Immunological, genetic, and environmental factors, including diet, play a part in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Immunological, genetic, and environmental factors, including diet, play a part in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Metabolic syndrome or its components are frequent co-morbidities in persons with psoriasis. A change of eating habits can improve the quality of life of patients by relieving skin lesions and by reducing the risk of other diseases. A low-energy diet is recommended for patients with excess body weight. Persons suffering from psoriasis should limit the intake of saturated fatty acids and replace them with polyunsaturated fatty acids from the omega-3 family, which have an anti-inflammatory effect. In diet therapy for persons with psoriasis, the introduction of antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, flavonoids, and selenium is extremely important. Vitamin D supplementation is also recommended. Some authors suggest that alternative diets have a positive effect on the course of psoriasis. These diets include: a gluten-free diet, a vegetarian diet, and a Mediterranean diet. Diet therapy for patients with psoriasis should also be tailored to pharmacological treatment. For instance, folic acid supplementation is introduced in persons taking methotrexate. The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail the nutritional recommendations for persons with psoriasis.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diet, Gluten-Free; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Vegetarian; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Psoriasis; Quality of Life; Vitamins
PubMed: 35010995
DOI: 10.3390/nu14010119 -
Nutrients Dec 2020Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and destructive granulomatous inflammatory bowel disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It has... (Review)
Review
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and destructive granulomatous inflammatory bowel disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been presumed that different types of diet might improve gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. The aim of this review was to clarify the efficiency and indications of a low-"fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols" (FODMAP) diet (LFD) in CD and to further analyze the available data on other types of diets. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and WILEY databases were screened for relevant publications regarding the effect of FODMAP diets on CD. Our search identified 12 articles analyzing the effect of an LFD in CD, 5 articles analyzing the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MD), 2 articles analyzing the effect of a vegetarian diet (VD), and 2 articles analyzing the effect of a low-lactose diet (LLD). The majority of the studies included in this review show the significant efficiency of the LFD in CD patients. We found significant evidence demonstrating that the LFD has a favorable impact on gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. Notwithstanding the evidence, it remains to be established if an LFD is more efficient than other types of diets in the short term and especially in the long term.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Databases, Factual; Diet; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Nutrition Therapy; Polymers
PubMed: 33291329
DOI: 10.3390/nu12123751 -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2018There has been an increasing amount of information about the positive results of low-carbohydrate diet in the treatment of diabetes, pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome and... (Review)
Review
There has been an increasing amount of information about the positive results of low-carbohydrate diet in the treatment of diabetes, pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity in the form of randomized trials, their meta-analysis and case studies. Many of these indicate that low carbohydrate diets are safe, could significantly improve the compensation of both types of diabetes and the overall health of the diabetic patients. In successful therapy, this diet leads to weight loss, lower medication doses or prescribing, and in some cases of type 2 diabetes also to remission. However, the low carbohydrate diet is not recognized in Czech diabetology, and concerns remain particularly about its safety. This article is a summary of the current knowledge about low-carbohydrate diet, its benefits, risks and contraindications, and aims to initiate a discussion about its use as one of the options for dietary treatment of diabetics. Key words: diabetes mellitus - ketogenic diet - low-carbohydrate diet - metabolic syndrome - obesity.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Diabetic; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Weight Loss
PubMed: 30441982
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Aug 2020Epilepsy is a chronic and debilitating neurological disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 0.5-1% and a lifetime incidence of 1-3%. An estimated 30% of epileptic... (Review)
Review
Epilepsy is a chronic and debilitating neurological disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 0.5-1% and a lifetime incidence of 1-3%. An estimated 30% of epileptic patients continue to experience seizures throughout life, despite adequate drug therapy or surgery, with a major impact on society and global health. In recent decades, dietary regimens have been used effectively in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, following the path of a non-pharmacological approach. The ketogenic diet and its variants (e.g., the modified Atkins diet) have an established role in contrasting epileptogenesis through the production of a series of cascading events induced by physiological ketosis. Other dietary regimens, such as caloric restriction and a gluten free diet, can also exert beneficial effects on neuroprotection and, therefore, on refractory epilepsy. The purpose of this review was to analyze the evidence from the literature about the possible efficacy of different dietary regimens on epilepsy, focusing on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, safety, and tolerability both in pediatric and adult population. We believe that a better knowledge of the cellular and molecular biochemical processes behind the anticonvulsant effects of alimentary therapies may lead to the development of personalized dietary intervention protocols.
Topics: Diet, Gluten-Free; Diet, Ketogenic; Diet, Reducing; Epilepsy; Humans
PubMed: 32872661
DOI: 10.3390/nu12092645 -
Nutrients Sep 2020Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors, characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c),... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors, characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Lifestyle modifications, especially dietary habits, are the main therapeutic strategy for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome, but the most effective dietary pattern for its management has not been established. Specific dietary modifications, such as improving the quality of the foods or changing macronutrient distribution, showed beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome conditions and individual parameters. On comparing low-fat and restricted diets, the scientific evidence supports the use of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention as the new paradigm for metabolic syndrome prevention and treatment. The nutritional distribution and quality of these healthy diets allows health professionals to provide easy-to-follow dietary advice without the need for restricted diets. Nonetheless, energy-restricted dietary patterns and improvements in physical activity are crucial to improve the metabolic disturbances observed in metabolic syndrome patients.
Topics: Caloric Restriction; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Vegetarian; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Exercise; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 33003472
DOI: 10.3390/nu12102983 -
Nutrients Mar 2021Despite being a focal issue to patients, the effect of diet on adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains underexplored with limited guidance. While promising... (Review)
Review
Despite being a focal issue to patients, the effect of diet on adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains underexplored with limited guidance. While promising clinical trials are currently underway, there is a need for further evidence-based recommendations. As such, we summarize the current evidence on various diets used in the treatment of IBD and also explore the potential applications of dietary data from related immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, to provide additional information to inform IBD providers. To date, there have been multiple diets investigated as adjunctive therapy in IBD, but many associated studies are small, non-randomized, and not controlled. Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, and reduced-calorie/fasting diets have been studied and have shown some positive results in other IMIDs, which may suggest potential applicability to those with IBD, but larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed for further guidance. Gluten-free and low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP)diets do not appear to have an impact on IBD disease activity, but low FODMAP may potentially be helpful for those with concurrent functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Specific carbohydrate diets have been mainly assessed in children but show some potential in small adult studies.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Caloric Restriction; Diet; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Gluten-Free; Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Paleolithic; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; Fasting; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Psoriasis
PubMed: 33801883
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030890 -
Revista Medica de Chile Jan 2017The Mediterranean diet is currently considered a healthy dietary pattern. It includes a great variety of foods, which are eaten in moderation and within a positive... (Review)
Review
The Mediterranean diet is currently considered a healthy dietary pattern. It includes a great variety of foods, which are eaten in moderation and within a positive social environment. The generic term "Mediterranean diet" was born after the "Seven Countries Study" led by Ancel Keys around 1960. This dietary pattern is characterized by a high intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, fish, white meats and olive oil. It also includes moderate consumption of fermented dairy products, low intake of red meat and drinking wine with moderation during meals. Nutritionally, this diet is low in saturated fats and animal protein, high in antioxidants, fiber and monounsaturated fats, and exhibits an adequate omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid balance. The main bioactive compounds, which explain the health benefits of this dietary pattern, are antioxidants, fiber, monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols and probiotics. This diet is not exclusively confined to the Mediterranean Basin. Central Chile has a Mediterranean climate and our agriculture and culinary traditions are similar to those found in Mediterranean countries. Therefore, it is fundamental to increase awareness about the richness of our natural produce as well as our culinary culture, which may bring many health benefits and improve the quality of life in our population.
Topics: Chile; Diet Therapy; Diet, Mediterranean; Food; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 28393974
DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872017000100012 -
Nutrients Apr 2019Low-carb and ketogenic diets are popular among clinicians and patients, but the appropriateness of reducing carbohydrates intake in obese patients and in patients with... (Review)
Review
Low-carb and ketogenic diets are popular among clinicians and patients, but the appropriateness of reducing carbohydrates intake in obese patients and in patients with diabetes is still debated. Studies in the literature are indeed controversial, possibly because these diets are generally poorly defined; this, together with the intrinsic complexity of dietary interventions, makes it difficult to compare results from different studies. Despite the evidence that reducing carbohydrates intake lowers body weight and, in patients with type 2 diabetes, improves glucose control, few data are available about sustainability, safety and efficacy in the long-term. In this review we explored the possible role of low-carb and ketogenic diets in the pathogenesis and management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, we also reviewed evidence of carbohydrates restriction in both pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, through gut microbiota modification, and treatment of type 1 diabetes, addressing the legitimate concerns about the use of such diets in patients who are ketosis-prone and often have not completed their growth.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Ketogenic; Humans
PubMed: 31035514
DOI: 10.3390/nu11050962 -
Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews Nov 2019Type 2 diabetes can be managed with the use of diabetes self-management skills. Diet and exercise are essential segments of the lifestyle changes necessary for diabetes... (Review)
Review
Type 2 diabetes can be managed with the use of diabetes self-management skills. Diet and exercise are essential segments of the lifestyle changes necessary for diabetes management. However, diet recommendations can be complicated in a world full of different diets. This review aims to evaluate the evidence on the effects of three popular diets geared towards diabetes management: low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet, vegan diet, and the Mediterranean diet. While all three diets have been shown to assist in improving glycaemic control and weight loss, patient adherence, acceptability, and long-term manageability play essential roles in the efficacy of each diet.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Vegetarian; Health Behavior; Humans; Patient Compliance; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31121637
DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3188