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Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Jun 1990Advances in enteral nutrition include the provision of organ-specific fuels to improve gut structure and function. Examples of these fuels include soluble fiber as a... (Review)
Review
Advances in enteral nutrition include the provision of organ-specific fuels to improve gut structure and function. Examples of these fuels include soluble fiber as a fuel precursor, and the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate appears to exert its trophic effect primarily in the colon, whereas the combined SCFAs affect the whole gastrointestinal tract. The provision of these fuels may be indicated for selected patients with intestinal dysfunction.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Enteral Nutrition; Humans
PubMed: 2164134
DOI: 10.1177/011542659000500399 -
Journal of the American Dietetic... Sep 1987Dietary fiber's role in the prevention and treatment of constipation has long been known, but now fiber is touted as a cure for many of the ills in Western countries....
Dietary fiber's role in the prevention and treatment of constipation has long been known, but now fiber is touted as a cure for many of the ills in Western countries. Although some data exist to relate dietary fiber intake to certain diseases, lack of agreement on what dietary fiber is and how it should be measured make interpreting the data difficult. Further, not all dietary fiber is created equal. Water-soluble fibers, such as pectin and gums, have little effect on stool weight and hence are not appropriate treatment for patients with constipation. Water-insoluble fibers, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, are most effective in aiding laxation but may also limit absorption of minerals and possibly vitamins. Wheat bran is a good source of hemicellulose; vegetables supply cellulose to the diet. Most agencies are recommending a doubling or tripling of dietary fiber intake. Typical recommendations are set at 25 to 50 grams of dietary fiber daily. Different analytical methods for dietary fiber yield conflicting fiber values, and dietary fiber values do not exist for many foods, making fiber recommendations controversial and difficult to achieve. Fiber in the diet should ideally be increased by the consumption of unrefined breads and cereals and more fruits and vegetables. Vegetarians routinely consume 40 to 50 gm dietary fiber daily without ill effect. Fiber supplements may be appropriate for some patients, but the composition of the fiber should be known and be appropriate for the disease being treated. Before fiber supplements are marketed, clinical trials should be conducted to support the use of the supplements in the prevention and treatment of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Food Analysis; Humans; Lignin; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 3040839
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 1990
Review
Topics: Absorption; Bile Acids and Salts; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Humans; Phospholipids
PubMed: 1964016
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5784-1_4 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... 2014Dietary fibre plays an important role in controlling postprandial glycemic and insulin response in diabetic patients. The intake of dietary fibre has been shown to delay... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dietary fibre plays an important role in controlling postprandial glycemic and insulin response in diabetic patients. The intake of dietary fibre has been shown to delay the gastric emptying in healthy subjects. The relationship between gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose in diabetic patients with fibre-load liquids needs to be investigated. To investigate the impact of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) on gastric emptying, postprandial glycemic and insulin response in patients with type 2 diabetes. 30 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM) and 10 healthy subjects (HS) matched for gender and age were randomized to receive SDF-free liquid (500 mL, 500 Kcal) and isoenergetic SDF liquid (oat β-glucan 7.5 g, 500 mL, 500 Kcal) on two separate days based on a cross-over with 6-day wash-out period. Gastric emptying was monitored by ultrasonography at intervals of 30 min for 2 hours. Fasting and postprandial blood was collected at intervals of 30-60 min for 180 min to determine plasma glucose and insulin. Proximal gastric emptying was delayed by SDF-treatment both in DM (p=0.001) and HS (p=0.037). SDF resulted in less output volume in the distal stomach in DM (p<0.05). SDF decreased postprandial glucose (p=0.001) and insulin (p=0.001) in DM subjects. Postprandial glucose (r=-0.547, p=0.047) and insulin (r=-0.566, p=0.004) were negatively correlated with distal emptying of SDF in DM subjects. Distal gastric emptying was delayed significantly in DM subjects with HbA1c levels ≥6.5% (p=0.021) or with complications (p=0.011) by SDF, respectively. SDF improved postprandial glycaemia which was related to slowing of gastric emptying.
Topics: Aged; Beverages; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Female; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period; Prospective Studies; Stomach; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 24901089
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.2.01 -
Nutrients Oct 2018A major challenge in affluent societies is the increase in disorders related to gut and metabolic health. Chronic over nutrition by unhealthy foods high in energy, fat,... (Review)
Review
A major challenge in affluent societies is the increase in disorders related to gut and metabolic health. Chronic over nutrition by unhealthy foods high in energy, fat, and sugar, and low in dietary fibre is a key environmental factor responsible for this development, which may cause local and systemic inflammation. A low intake of dietary fibre is a limiting factor for maintaining a viable and diverse microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. A suppressed production of butyrate is crucial, as this short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) can play a key role not only in colonic health and function but also at the systemic level. At both sites, the mode of action is through mediation of signalling pathways involving nuclear NF-κB and inhibition of histone deacetylase. The intake and composition of dietary fibre modulate production of butyrate in the large intestine. While butyrate production is easily adjustable it is more variable how it influences gut barrier function and inflammatory markers in the gut and periphery. The effect of butyrate seems generally to be more consistent and positive on inflammatory markers related to the gut than on inflammatory markers in the peripheral tissue. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in butyrate concentrations in the gut compared with the much lower concentration at more remote sites.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Butyrates; Diet, Healthy; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Nutritive Value; Permeability; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30322146
DOI: 10.3390/nu10101499 -
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Feb 2003The 'gold standard' method for the measurement of total dietary fibre is that of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2000; method 985.29). This procedure... (Review)
Review
The 'gold standard' method for the measurement of total dietary fibre is that of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2000; method 985.29). This procedure has been modified to allow measurement of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre, and buffers employed have been improved. However, the recognition of the fact that non-digestible oligosaccharides and resistant starch also behave physiologically as dietary fibre has necessitated a re-examination of the definition of dietary fibre, and in turn, a re-evaluation of the dietary fibre methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. With this realisation, the American Association of Cereal Chemists appointed a scientific review committee and charged it with the task of reviewing and, if necessary, updating the definition of dietary fibre. It organised various workshops and accepted comments from interested parties worldwide through an interactive website. More recently, the (US) Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Health, National Academy of Sciences, under the oversight of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, assembled a panel to develop a proposed definition(s) of dietary fibre. Various elements of these definitions were in agreement, but not all. What was clear from both reviews is that there is an immediate need to re-evaluate the methods that are used for dietary fibre measurement and to make appropriate changes where required, and to find new methods to fill gaps. In this presentation, the 'state of the art' in measurement of total dietary fibre and dietary fibre components will be described and discussed, together with suggestions for future research.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Humans; Solubility; Starch
PubMed: 12740050
DOI: 10.1079/PNS2002204 -
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society May 2023The present paper reviews progress in research on dietary fibre and human health over the past five decades. There is now convincing evidence from prospective cohort... (Review)
Review
The present paper reviews progress in research on dietary fibre and human health over the past five decades. There is now convincing evidence from prospective cohort studies that diets low in dietary fibre are associated with increased risk of common non-communicable diseases including CVD, type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer. These findings provide strong support for hypotheses proposed by Denis Burkitt 50 years ago, based on very limited evidence but with considerable imagination and insight. For the first two to three decades of this period, research on dietary fibre was hampered by the lack of consensus about the definition, and measurement, of this complex and diverse dietary component and by the lack of appropriate tools for investigating the gut microbiome that is central to understanding mechanisms of action. Recent technical and scientific advances in microbiome research (based on fast, low-cost, DNA sequencing) are facilitating investigation of the associations between dietary fibre, the gut microbiome and human health. Current challenges include the need for agreement about the characteristics of a healthy gut microbiome. Although the health benefits attributed to higher dietary fibre intake are likely to be shared with most types of dietary fibre, one should anticipate that different sources of dietary fibre and the other components (resistant starch and non-digestible oligosaccharides) that make up dietary fibre will have characteristically different effects on human physiology and disease risk. In conclusion, population-level intakes of dietary fibre are low and there is a public health priority to develop and implement more effective interventions to increase intake.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prospective Studies; Dietary Fiber; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 36786062
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665123002215 -
Die Nahrung 1991The etiopathogenesis of colon carcinogenesis is supposed to be a two-step process consisting of initiation and promotion. In human nutrition the range of xenobiotics... (Review)
Review
The etiopathogenesis of colon carcinogenesis is supposed to be a two-step process consisting of initiation and promotion. In human nutrition the range of xenobiotics acting possibly as initiators occurs mostly in very low concentrations. Therefore, performing a one-factorial consideration they are not claimed seriously to account for initiation. On the contrary, it can be taken for granted that bile acids exert promoting effects in connection with colon carcinogenesis. All factors influencing the promoting effect of bile acids are able to do so probably due to a decrease of pH and as a result the shift of the two bile acid fractions in favour of the soluble fraction, and/or due to the intensification of shift of bile acid metabolism (7-alpha-dehydroxylase). These processes are indirectly influenced to a large extent by the lipid content of food as a result of cholegenesis induction. The "protective Effect" of dietary fibre in colon carcinogenesis (reduced number of tumour carriers, and/or number of tumors per animal) cannot been interpreted as such. Only a delayed promotion phase could been proven. It can be reached only by plant products (bran, lupin), but not by dietary fibre in general.
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Humans
PubMed: 1661850
DOI: 10.1002/food.19910350723 -
Medicina Clinica Jan 1998
Review
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Humans
PubMed: 9527985
DOI: No ID Found -
Annual Review of Nutrition 1992
Review
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Feces; Fermentation; Humans; Mathematics
PubMed: 1323981
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nu.12.070192.000315