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The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Aug 2015The role of dietary fibre in promoting sustained health has been studied for several decades and in adults there is good evidence that diets rich in high-fibre foods... (Review)
Review
The role of dietary fibre in promoting sustained health has been studied for several decades and in adults there is good evidence that diets rich in high-fibre foods reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including CVD and cancer. Research in this area, however, has been hampered by uncertainties about the definition of dietary fibre which has resulted in many studies measuring fibre in different ways. There is also a wide range of properties and actions of different fibres in the human body, depending on their solubility, viscosity and fermentability by the colonic microbiota. This review considers the epidemiological evidence for dietary fibre and health in children and the current dietary recommendations and measured intakes in several countries using national surveys. In children and adolescents, there is a particular lack of relevant research on which to formulate appropriate dietary fibre recommendations and these are often based on extrapolation from adult data. However, children are not little adults and have differing physiology and nutritional needs as they grow. The dietary recommendations in different countries are based on varying premises and daily amounts. Intakes vary from country to country and on the whole do not meet recommendations. Much more research is needed in children to fully understand the impact of dietary fibre on growth and health in the young to allow more appropriate recommendations to be made.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Development; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Health Promotion; Health Surveys; Humans; Recommended Dietary Allowances
PubMed: 26186674
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665115002335 -
Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology &... May 2024Obesity and metabolic syndrome represent a growing epidemic worldwide. Body weight is regulated through complex interactions between hormonal, neural and metabolic... (Review)
Review
Obesity and metabolic syndrome represent a growing epidemic worldwide. Body weight is regulated through complex interactions between hormonal, neural and metabolic pathways and is influenced by numerous environmental factors. Imbalances between energy intake and expenditure can occur due to several factors, including alterations in eating behaviours, abnormal satiation and satiety, and low energy expenditure. The gut microbiota profoundly affects all aspects of energy homeostasis through diverse mechanisms involving effects on mucosal and systemic immune, hormonal and neural systems. The benefits of dietary fibre on metabolism and obesity have been demonstrated through mechanistic studies and clinical trials, but many questions remain as to how different fibres are best utilized in managing obesity. In this Review, we discuss the physiochemical properties of different fibres, current findings on how fibre and the gut microbiota interact to regulate body weight homeostasis, and knowledge gaps related to using dietary fibres as a complementary strategy. Precision medicine approaches that utilize baseline microbiota and clinical characteristics to predict individual responses to fibre supplementation represent a new paradigm with great potential to enhance weight management efficacy, but many challenges remain before these approaches can be fully implemented.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Humans; Obesity; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Energy Metabolism
PubMed: 38326443
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00891-z -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Mar 2019Explanations for the health benefits of dietary fibre have, in the past, been inconsistent and studies of the physiological effects of dietary fibre were, perhaps,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Explanations for the health benefits of dietary fibre have, in the past, been inconsistent and studies of the physiological effects of dietary fibre were, perhaps, directed at the wrong read-outs. Confounding factors included a failure to appreciate the molecular diversity and varied properties of fibre-types and the role of fibre as a substrate for microbial metabolism in the gut.
AIM
To present a modern perspective on fibre science and to encourage clinicians to re-consider the health impact of dietary fibre and how best to approach adjustments in dietary consumption.
METHODS
This perspective is drawn selectively from recent microbiome science; no attempt was made to perform an exhaustive review of all articles related to every aspect of dietary fibre.
RESULTS
Advances in microbiome science have revealed not only the functional impact of dietary fibre on the composition and function of the microbiota but have also demonstrated the physiologic responses to microbial-derived metabolites from fibre digestion. Moreover, studies have shown the personalised nature of host responses to dietary fibre intervention, with outcomes being dependent on individual pre-treatment gut ecology.
CONCLUSIONS
The physical properties of dietary fibres are important for homeostasis within the gut, but the predominant health benefits extend beyond the gut to enhanced metabolic welfare, including protection against obesity and related metabolic diseases. Fibre is a form of functional food joining a growing list of examples of diet-microbe-host interactions which link microbe-host metabolic and immune cascades.
Topics: Diet; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Microbiota; Obesity
PubMed: 30746776
DOI: 10.1111/apt.15129 -
Intensive & Critical Care Nursing Feb 2023Although some studies have explored the relationships between dietary fibre and enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill patients, the results are equivocal. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Although some studies have explored the relationships between dietary fibre and enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill patients, the results are equivocal.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary fibre on enteral feeding intolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.
METHODS
We searched five databases from inception to July 12, 2021. Data were expressed as mean difference or odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies enrolled 709 critically ill patients included in the study. The results showed the dietary fibre group had a significantly decreased risk of diarrhea (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30,0.69, P < 0.001), regurgitation (OR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.60, P < 0.05), vomiting (OR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.92, P < 0.05), constipation (OR: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.47, P < 0.001) and mortality (OR:0.34; 95%CI:-0.13, 0.91; P < 0.05) compared with the fibre free group. Besides, there was a significant decrease on time to reach full enteral nutrition (MD:-2.08; 95%CI:-4.05, -0.12; P < 0.05), the duration of the intensive care unit stay (MD:-4.62; 95%CI:-6.60, -2.64; P < 0.001) and hospital stay (MD:-6.42; 95%CI:-9.49, -3.36; P < 0.001) in the dietary fibre group.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary fibre supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of enteral feeding intolerance and improve the clinical outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Enteral Nutrition; Critical Illness; Length of Stay; Dietary Fiber; Vomiting; Intensive Care Units
PubMed: 36182625
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103326 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Sep 1988
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Food Analysis; Humans; Starch
PubMed: 2843028
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/48.3.688 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2013Dietary fibre is a heterogeneous group of components for which several definitions and analytical methods were developed over the past decades, causing confusion among... (Review)
Review
Dietary fibre is a heterogeneous group of components for which several definitions and analytical methods were developed over the past decades, causing confusion among users and producers of dietary fibre data in food composition databases. An overview is given of current definitions and analytical methods. Some of the issues related to maintaining dietary fibre values in food composition databases are discussed. Newly developed AOAC methods (2009.01 or modifications) yield higher dietary fibre values, due to the inclusion of low molecular weight dietary fibre and resistant starch. For food composition databases procedures need to be developed to combine 'classic' and 'new' dietary fibre values since re-analysing all foods on short notice is impossible due to financial restrictions. Standardised value documentation procedures are important to evaluate dietary fibre values from several sources before exchanging and using the data, e.g. for dietary intake research.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Dietary Fiber; Food; Food Analysis; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 23601407
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.029 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2016Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to be an important cause of disease progression and the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to be an important cause of disease progression and the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammation appears to be a major contributor in perpetuating a dysregulated gut microbiota. Although current drug therapies can significantly induce and maintain disease remission, there is no cure for these diseases. Nevertheless, ongoing human studies investigating dietary fibre interventions may potentially prove to exert beneficial outcomes for IBD. Postulated mechanisms include direct interactions with the gut mucosa through immunomodulation, or indirectly through the microbiome. Component species of the microbiome may degrade dietary-fibre polysaccharides and ferment the products to form short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Prebiotic dietary fibres may also act more directly by altering the composition of the microbiome. Longer term benefits in reducing the risk of more aggressive disease or colorectal cancer may require other dietary fibre sources such as wheat bran or psyllium. By critically examining clinical trials that have used dietary fibre supplements or dietary patterns containing specific types or amounts of dietary fibres, it may be possible to assess whether varying the intake of specific dietary fibres may offer an efficient treatment for IBD patients.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Prebiotics; Psyllium
PubMed: 27314323
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060919 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Jul 2024This review highlights recent developments in understanding the role of dietary fibre and specific fibre types on risk and management of cardiometabolic disease with a... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review highlights recent developments in understanding the role of dietary fibre and specific fibre types on risk and management of cardiometabolic disease with a focus on the causal pathways leading to cardiometabolic diseases, namely weight management, glycaemic control, and lipid levels, as well as the latest findings for cardiovascular disease outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality. Evidence for mechanisms through gut microbiota are also briefly reviewed.
RECENT FINDINGS
Dietary fibre intake is associated with improved weight management, the extent of which may depend on the subtype of dietary fibre. Overall dietary fibre intake reduces blood glucose and HbA1c, however soluble fibres may be particularly effective in reducing HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. Individual meta-analyses and umbrella reviews of observational studies on dietary fibre, as well as major fibre types, observed inverse associations with incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. As different types of fibres exerted different health benefits, fibre diversity (i.e. combinations of fibres) should be further investigated.
SUMMARY
Dietary fibres improve both short-term and long-term cardiometabolic disease risk factors and outcomes, and thus should be on every menu.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Fiber; Cardiovascular Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Blood Glucose; Lipids
PubMed: 38836788
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001047 -
Journal of AOAC International 2005A review is presented describing the nature and evolving definition of dietary fiber. The historical development of the current definition is discussed as are the... (Review)
Review
A review is presented describing the nature and evolving definition of dietary fiber. The historical development of the current definition is discussed as are the efforts to develop analytical methods to support food labeling regulations. Also considered are the characterization and quantitation of resistance starch, a dietary starch that does not digest in the small intestine, behaves like dietary fiber and therefore may have potential as a health-related ingredient in foods. The current status of AOAC methodology is discussed along with the possibility of updating the definition of dietary fiber. The potential impacts of changing the dietary fiber definition on analytical issues and on food composition databases are also considered.
Topics: Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Food Analysis; Food Labeling; Health Planning Guidelines; History, 20th Century; United States
PubMed: 16385983
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Sep 1987
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Estradiol; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Intestines
PubMed: 2887883
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92979-5