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Lancet (London, England) Jul 1983
Topics: Constipation; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fiber; Fermentation; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Large
PubMed: 6135038
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90183-6 -
British Journal of Cancer Dec 2022With an ageing population, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to current standard-of-care chemoradiation schedules in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. The... (Review)
Review
With an ageing population, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to current standard-of-care chemoradiation schedules in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. The gut microbiota may be exploitable, having shown a valuable role in improving patient outcomes in anticancer immunotherapy. These bacteria feed on dietary fibres, which reach the large intestine intact, resulting in the production of beneficial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids. The gut microbiota can impact radiotherapy (RT) treatment responses and itself be altered by the radiation. Evidence is emerging that manipulation of the gut microbiota by dietary fibre supplementation can improve tumour responses and reduce normal tissue side effects following RT, although data on tumour response are limited to date. Both may be mediated by immune and non-immune effects of gut microbiota and their metabolites. Alternative approaches include use of probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Current evidence will be reviewed regarding the use of dietary fibre interventions and gut microbiota modification in improving outcomes for pelvic RT patients. However, data regarding baseline (pre-RT) gut microbiota of RT patients and timing of dietary fibre manipulation (before or during RT) is limited, heterogenous and inconclusive, thus more robust clinical studies are required before these strategies can be applied clinically.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Fiber; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36175620
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01980-7 -
Appetite Feb 2011Dietary fibres have many functions in the diet, one of which may be to promote control of energy intake and reduce the risk of developing obesity. This is linked to the... (Review)
Review
Dietary fibres have many functions in the diet, one of which may be to promote control of energy intake and reduce the risk of developing obesity. This is linked to the unique physico-chemical properties of dietary fibres which aid early signalling of satiation and prolonged or enhanced sensation of satiety. Particularly the ability of some dietary fibres to increase viscosity of intestinal contents offers numerous opportunities to affect appetite regulation. Few papers on the satiating effect of dietary fibres include information on the physico-chemical characteristics of the dietary fibres being tested, including molecular weight and viscosity. For viscosity to serve as a proxy for soluble dietary fibres it is essential to have an understanding of individual dietary fibre viscosity characteristics. The goal of this paper is to provide a brief overview on the role of dietary fibres in appetite regulation highlighting the importance of viscosity.
Topics: Appetite Regulation; Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake; Humans; Intestines; Obesity; Satiation; Viscosity
PubMed: 21115081
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.11.147 -
Molecular Aspects of Medicine 1987Dietary fibre includes non-starch polysaccharides and lignin that are not digested or absorbed in the human small intestine. It contains a mixture of chemically complex... (Review)
Review
Dietary fibre includes non-starch polysaccharides and lignin that are not digested or absorbed in the human small intestine. It contains a mixture of chemically complex polysaccharides. Lignin is a highly cross-linked complex polymer of phenylpropane units. The plant cell wall is the main source of dietary fibre and its structure is reviewed briefly. The structure of the main dietary fibre polysaccharides is then summarized. The demarcation between starch--the main digestible polysaccharide--and dietary fibre presents some problems due to more or less enzyme resistant starch fractions that occur naturally or are formed with processing. "Resistant starch" formed during baking passes through the small intestine in the rat and, probably, in man and is fermented in the colon. It should therefore also be regarded as dietary fibre. Methods for dietary fibre determination fall into two categories: gravimetric methods, weighing the dietary fibre after removal of other components; component analysis methods, determining monomeric composition of fibre polysaccharides (preferably by gas-liquid chromatography) supplemented with a gravimetric lignin determination and separate assay of uronic acid components (pectin). Recently developed enzymatic gravimetric methods are most convenient for the assay of total dietary fibre or water soluble and insoluble fibre separately, whereas component analysis is required for determining the dietary fibre composition.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Lignin; Monosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Solubility
PubMed: 3031413
DOI: 10.1016/0098-2997(87)90014-8 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jun 1990
Review
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 2164853
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.300.6738.1479 -
British Medical Bulletin Jan 1981
Review
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Bacteria; Cellulose; Child; Colon; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Gases; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lignin; Male; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 6266573
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071678 -
La Clinica Terapeutica Apr 1986
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake; Humans; Obesity; Satiety Response
PubMed: 3013492
DOI: No ID Found -
Ceskoslovenska Gastroenterologie a... Sep 1982
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Humans
PubMed: 6291790
DOI: No ID Found -
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Feb 2003There is very little evidence for the effects of dietary fibre in young children and current dietary guidelines are based on assumptions and data extrapolated from... (Review)
Review
There is very little evidence for the effects of dietary fibre in young children and current dietary guidelines are based on assumptions and data extrapolated from studies in adults. The first years of life may be critical for the establishment of a healthy colonic microflora, as well as good eating habits. The lack of clear and well-founded guidelines for the intake of dietary fibre in childhood may hinder both factors. The fears that a high-fibre diet in children < 5 years of age will lead to growth faltering and mineral imbalance are not well supported in the literature, especially for children in the developed world. Indeed, with the rising levels of obesity, fibre intake may be of benefit in reducing energy intake. A low-fibre diet may also be implicated in the aetiology of childhood constipation and appendicitis. The latest proposals for the definition of dietary fibre include oligosaccharides, which may act as prebiotics. There are potential health benefits of including oligosaccharides in the diets of infants and children, but more research is needed to consider the long-term effects. The immature intestine of the infant may also result in a greater amount of starch entering the colon during weaning, and this starch would now be considered dietary fibre under the new definitions. Much new research is needed to allow adequate recommendations for the intake of dietary fibre in childhood based on data collected in appropriate age-groups.
Topics: Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Fiber; Digestive System; Female; Fermentation; Food Analysis; Humans; Infant; Male; Nutrition Policy; Obesity
PubMed: 12740052
DOI: 10.1079/PNS2002231 -
The Diabetes Educator 1989Diet therapy for the treatment of diabetes often dictates that individuals limit their intake of foods high in fats or sugars. The addition of fibrous foods may be... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Diet therapy for the treatment of diabetes often dictates that individuals limit their intake of foods high in fats or sugars. The addition of fibrous foods may be appealing to this population. During the past two decades, clinical investigations have attempted to characterize the benefits of dietary fiber for diabetes. Interpretation of the data and implications for practical application have sometimes been controversial. As results of more clinical trials appear in the literature, a convergent validity is emerging. Evidence that soluble dietary fibers are a food component associated with health benefits is supported by recent investigations. A flexible approach for inclusion of dietary fiber in the diets of individuals with diabetes may be used.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Fiber; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Humans; Patient Education as Topic
PubMed: 2560703
DOI: 10.1177/014572178901500610