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Nutricion Hospitalaria May 2006Currently and after 30 years of research, dietary fibre is part of what is considered a healthy diet. There is no single definition yet comprising the different... (Review)
Review
Currently and after 30 years of research, dietary fibre is part of what is considered a healthy diet. There is no single definition yet comprising the different components of dietary fibre and its functions. The main factors of fibre are complex carbohydrates and lignin, although new products may be included in the future within the concept of fibre. Dietary fibres reach the large bowel and are attacked by colonic microflora, yielding short chain fatty acids, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane as fermentation products. Short chain fatty acids represent a way of recovering energy and they are also implicated in other beneficial functions for the human organism. Although there are no yet conclusive data on recommendations of different types of fibre, it is still appropriate to indicate a diet providing 20-35 g/day of fibre from different sources. There is a consensus to recommend a mixture of fibres or fibre like soybean polysaccharide for constipation. There are few conclusive data, still, on the benefit of fibre on prevention of colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, a fibre-rich diet is recommended from early years of life since it is often associated to a lifestyle that in the long term helps controlling other risk factors.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Enteral Nutrition; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 16771074
DOI: No ID Found -
Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique Feb 1988
Review
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Nutrition Disorders
PubMed: 2835278
DOI: No ID Found -
Tropical Gastroenterology : Official... 1988
Review
Topics: Colonic Diseases; Dietary Fiber; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Metabolic Diseases
PubMed: 2848341
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular Aspects of Medicine 1987Current dietary recommendations urge, inter alia, an increased consumption of fibre-containing foods. Some experimental studies made on various animals and man indicate... (Review)
Review
Current dietary recommendations urge, inter alia, an increased consumption of fibre-containing foods. Some experimental studies made on various animals and man indicate that the associated increases in intakes of fibre and phytic acid may prejudice mineral status respecting calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. An examination has been made of the experimental evidence, also of the epidemiological evidence on numerous types of populations, past and present, developing and developed. It has been concluded that diets high in fibre, characteristically do not have meaningful ill effects on well-being or unequivocally enhance morbidity. In particular populations in certain regions where deleterious effects have been reported it is judged that local factors, not wholly understood, are in operation. In assessing the extent of the benefit to be derived from the dietary changes urged, results must be viewed holistically and not in isolation. It is believed that the beneficial effects respecting reduced pronenesses to various degenerative diseases are likely to far outweigh the possible adverse effects of reduced bioavailability of mineral nutrients.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Calcium; Dietary Fiber; Epidemiologic Methods; Humans; Iron; Magnesium; Minerals; Phytic Acid; Zinc
PubMed: 3031416
DOI: 10.1016/0098-2997(87)90017-3 -
Dietary Fibre as a Unifying Remedy for the Whole Spectrum of Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk.Nutrients Jul 2018Obesity is a pandemic carrying the heavy burden of multiple and serious co-morbidities including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a pandemic carrying the heavy burden of multiple and serious co-morbidities including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiological processes leading to the accumulation of body fat slowly evolve to fat accumulation in other body compartments than subcutaneous tissue. This abnormal fat deposition determines insulin resistance which in turn causes blood glucose and lipid metabolism derangement, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. All these conditions contribute to increase the cardiovascular risk of obese people. Several randomized clinical trials demonstrated that moderate weight loss (5⁻10%) in obese patients improves obesity-related metabolic risk factors and coexisting disorders. Therefore, nutritional strategies able to facilitate weight management, and in the meantime positively influence obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors, should be implemented. To this aim, a suitable option could be dietary fibres that may also act independently of weight loss. The present narrative review summarizes the current evidence about the effects of dietary fibres on weight management in obese people. Moreover, all of the different cardiovascular risk factors are individually considered and evidence on cardiovascular outcomes is summarized. We also describe the plausible mechanisms by which different dietary fibres could modulate cardio-metabolic risk factors. Overall, despite both epidemiological and intervention studies on weight loss that show statistically significant but negligible clinical effects, dietary fibres seem to have a beneficial impact on main pathophysiological pathways involved in cardiovascular risk (i.e., insulin resistance, renin-angiotensin, and sympathetic nervous systems). Although the evidence is not conclusive, this suggests that fibre would be a suitable option to counteract obesity-related cardio-metabolic diseases also independently of weight loss. However, evidence is not consistent for the different risk factors, with clear beneficial effects shown on blood glucose metabolism and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol while there is fewer, and less consistent data shown on plasma triglyceride and blood pressure. Ascribing the beneficial effect of some foods (i.e., fruits and vegetables) solely to their fibre content requires more investigation on the pathophysiological role of other dietary components, such as polyphenols.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30037123
DOI: 10.3390/nu10070943 -
International Journal of Biological... Feb 2019Within the last ten years the utilisation of dietary fibre formats (non-starch polysaccharide and resistant starch) for diarrhoea therapy, have been evaluated. These... (Review)
Review
Within the last ten years the utilisation of dietary fibre formats (non-starch polysaccharide and resistant starch) for diarrhoea therapy, have been evaluated. These polysaccharides ferment within the colon and generate short chain fatty acids which facilitate sodium absorption. Comparisons between polysaccharide structure/physico-chemical properties and fermentation capacity in the large intestine are presented. The potential dichotomy associated with recommending dietary fibre ingestion to avoid and treat diarrhoea is also considered. Overall, this mini-review presents an overview of the current knowledge with respect to role of dietary fibre in the management (prevention and treatment) of diarrhoea (osmotic and secretory). It aims to inform the medical and non-medical communities with respect to this relatively poorly researched and understood health related area. Different forms of dietary fibre are considered in this context along with their mechanisms of action.
Topics: Diarrhea; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Intestines; Polysaccharides; Starch
PubMed: 30391429
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.195 -
Current Opinion in Lipidology Feb 1995Sources of dietary fibre can be divided into three groups according to their effect on plasma lipids in humans: (1) a cholesterol-lowering effect demonstrated repeatedly... (Review)
Review
Sources of dietary fibre can be divided into three groups according to their effect on plasma lipids in humans: (1) a cholesterol-lowering effect demonstrated repeatedly by pectin, guar gum, psyllium and oat bran (sources of soluble fibre); (2) a possible, but not adequate, cholesterol-lowering effect by legumes, barley, rice bran and several types of gum; and (3) those sources that do not lower plasma cholesterol, such as wheat fibre, cellulose and lignin.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Cholesterol; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data
PubMed: 7735708
DOI: 10.1097/00041433-199502000-00004 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Nov 2005To control the global increase of obesity and associated-metabolic syndrome, nutritional advice remains an important objective. This review discusses factors that may... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To control the global increase of obesity and associated-metabolic syndrome, nutritional advice remains an important objective. This review discusses factors that may explain how dietary fibre would be helpful in the management of food intake, body weight and metabolic syndrome.
RECENT FINDINGS
Dietary fibre could play a role in the management of the metabolic syndrome through its ability to control body weight evolution through its effect on satiety; to modulate glucose homeostasis/insulin sensitivity and to positively affect factors implicated in cardiovascular diseases. The relevance and the relative importance of these effects in control of metabolic syndrome remain unknown. Recent experimental data suggest that the modification of gut peptides--involved in appetite and glucose homeostasis--could constitute a 'metabolic relay' allowing specific (fermentable) dietary fibre to act on appetite and other components of the metabolic syndrome.
SUMMARY
Dietary fibre intake may modulate parameters associated with the control of the metabolic syndrome, namely food intake (and body weight), glycemia and insulinemia, blood lipids and blood pressure. The efficacy of dietary fibre differs according to their dietary sources (fruits, legumes or cereals), but also to their specific chemical structure, responsible for their physical properties (i.e. gel forming capacity) or for their fermentation capacity in the lower part of the gut. The fermentability of dietary fibre seems important to generate specific effects on satiety and glycemia through the release of gut peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1.
Topics: Body Weight; Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity
PubMed: 16205465
DOI: 10.1097/01.mco.0000171124.06408.71 -
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Nov 2008During the past decades there has been considerable interest in the use of dietary fibre in both animal and human nutrition. In human subjects dietary fibre has been... (Review)
Review
During the past decades there has been considerable interest in the use of dietary fibre in both animal and human nutrition. In human subjects dietary fibre has been studied intensively for possible effects on body-weight management and health. In animal nutrition the interest in dietary fibre has increased because it can be used as a cheap source of energy and because of its potential to improve animal welfare and reduce abnormal (mainly stereotypic) behaviour. Animal welfare is impaired if the diet does not provide sufficient satiety, combined with an environment that does not meet specific behavioural requirements related to natural feeding habits (e.g. rooting in pigs). A considerable proportion of the behavioural effects of dietary fibre are thought to be related to reduced feeding motivation. It has been hypothesized that: (1) bulky fibres increase satiety and thereby decrease physical activity and stereotypic behaviours immediately following a meal in pigs; (2) fermentable fibres prolong postprandial satiety and thereby reduce physical activity and appetitive behaviours for many hours after a meal. The validity of these hypotheses is examined by considering published data. In sows dietary fibres (irrespective of source) reduce stereotypic self-directed behaviours and substrate-directed behaviours, and to a lesser extent overall physical activity, indicating enhanced satiety shortly after a meal. Furthermore, fermentable dietary fibre reduces substrate-directed behaviour in sows and physical activity in sows and growing pigs for many hours after a meal. Evidence of long-term effects of poorly-fermentable fibre sources is inconclusive. The findings suggest that highly-fermentable dietary fibres have a higher potential to prolong postprandial satiety.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dietary Fiber; Female; Satiety Response; Swine
PubMed: 18715518
DOI: 10.1017/S002966510800863X -
British Journal of Cancer Nov 2022Even though the literature shows limited data regarding the epidemiological studies on dietary fibres in malignancies reduction, these nutritional components proved...
Even though the literature shows limited data regarding the epidemiological studies on dietary fibres in malignancies reduction, these nutritional components proved their efficacy in modulating general health status, reducing abdominal disease-associated symptoms, diminishing the inflammation connected with cancerous pathologies, and in health recovery after pelvic cancer radiotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 36175616
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01993-2