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Correlation between serum phospholipid fatty acids and dietary intakes assessed a few years earlier.Nutrition and Cancer 2009The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids has been shown to reflect dietary intakes in the previous weeks or months. However, how serum phospholipids relate to...
The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids has been shown to reflect dietary intakes in the previous weeks or months. However, how serum phospholipids relate to fatty acid intakes over a few years has hardly been examined. We designed a cross-sectional study within the E3N cohort, the French component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in which female participants completed a 208-item diet history questionnaire in 1993-1995 and provided blood samples in 1995-1998. The study included 1,114 women who were free of cancer at the time of blood collection. Serum phospholipid fatty acid composition was assessed by capillary gas chromatography. Partial Spearman correlations adjusted for age and body mass index showed weak to moderate, although statistically significant, positive associations between dietary and serum oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids. Moreover, serum oleic acid was directly associated with olive oil, linoleic acid with sunflower oil, pentadecanoic acid with dairy products, long-chain n-3 fatty acids with fatty fish, and trans-monounsaturated fatty acids with manufactured foods. In conclusion, serum phospholipid pentadecanoic acid, oleic, trans-monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are suitable biomarkers for usual dietary intakes, although the association may weaken as the time lag between dietary assessment and blood collection increases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Alcohol Drinking; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fats; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids; Female; France; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors
PubMed: 19838922
DOI: 10.1080/01635580802710717 -
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Apr 2015A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary phospholipid (PL) from soybean lecithin on growth performance, liver fatty... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Effects of different dietary phospholipid levels on growth performance, fatty acid composition, PPAR gene expressions and antioxidant responses of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fingerlings.
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary phospholipid (PL) from soybean lecithin on growth performance, liver fatty acid composition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene expression levels and antioxidant responses of blunt snout bream fingerlings. Fish (average initial weight 0.35 ± 0.01 g) were fed five experimental diets containing the following inclusion levels of PL: 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%. Results showed that final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary PL level increased from 0 to 6%, meanwhile the survival was not affected by dietary PL supplementation. Increasing dietary PL level significantly (P < 0.05) increased in 20:4n-6 content in neutral lipid of liver, indicating fish had the capacity to convert C18 to C20 and C22 by elongation and desaturation. The expression levels of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in liver were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value was decreased with dietary PL supplementation up to 6% compared with the control. Therefore, it was concluded that supplementation of 6% (18.8 g kg(-1), polar lipid of diet) PL could improve growth performance of blunt snout bream fingerlings.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Catalase; Cyprinidae; DNA Primers; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Acids; Glutathione Peroxidase; Growth and Development; Liver; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Phospholipids; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Superoxide Dismutase; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
PubMed: 25261016
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9994-8 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... Aug 2002Dietary restriction elongates life span by suppressing age-related diseases in experimental animals. It has received a great deal of attention in connection with the... (Review)
Review
Dietary restriction elongates life span by suppressing age-related diseases in experimental animals. It has received a great deal of attention in connection with the relationship between aging, nutrition, and oxidative stress because oxidative injury in several tissues is a prominent feature in the aging process. Although the oxidative stress theory of aging has currently gained popularity, the premise from which this hypothesis was derived is paradoxical because the same oxygen, that supports life in one hand threatens survival and promotes aging in the other. Until recently, no single experimental paradigm could offer satisfactory mechanistic explanations for this complex issue. Recent investigations using the life-extending dietary restriction regimen could offer satisfactory mechanistic explanations for this apparent self-contradiction to life. The modulation of free radical-induced oxidative stress provided sufficient data to support the notion that dietary restriction's antiaging effect may come from its ability to tightly regulate the oxidative status of an organism. The result is the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, a hallmark of dietary restriction's action in the extension of life span. To date, we reported that dietary restriction (maintained on 60% of ad libitum feeding) suppresses age-related oxidative damage by modulating the amount as well as the fatty acid composition of tissue phospholipids. These remarkable findings have been incorporated into the new "membrane peorxidation cycle" concept. The intervention of this cycle appears to be an evolutionary process that the dietary restricted rats have adapted as a strategy to protect the membrane in an oxidative environment.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diet, Reducing; Exercise; Fatty Acids; Free Radicals; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Longevity; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Phospholipids; Rats
PubMed: 12489815
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.48.257 -
The Journal of Nutrition Aug 1970
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cytosine Nucleotides; Dialysis; Diet; Liver; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Microsomes, Liver; Nucleosides; Phospholipids; Rats
PubMed: 5495849
DOI: 10.1093/jn/100.8.965 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Jun 2005The present study evaluates the effect of dietary trans fatty acids on diaphragm phospholipid fatty acid composition, intramyocellular triacylglycerol content and...
The present study evaluates the effect of dietary trans fatty acids on diaphragm phospholipid fatty acid composition, intramyocellular triacylglycerol content and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in comparison with dietary saturated fatty acids. Male weanling WNIN rats were divided into three groups and fed for 3 months on one of the following diets containing 10 % oil differing in fatty acid composition: control diet, saturated fatty acid diet and trans fatty acid diet. Dietary trans fatty acids increased the intramyocellular triacylglycerols and decreased the ratio of 20 : 4n-6 to 18 : 2n-6 and long-chain PUFA levels (20 %) in diaphragm phospholipids, indicating inhibition of PUFA biosynthesis. However, saturated fatty acids decreased both 18 : 2n-6 and 20 : 4n-6 without change in the ratio. Trans fatty acid-induced alterations in diaphragm phospholipid fatty acid composition and intramyocellular triacylglycerol content were associated with decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in the diaphragm. These observations suggest that dietary trans fatty acids decrease diaphragm insulin sensitivity, possibly due to increased intramyocellular triacylglycerol accumulation and decreased long-chain PUFA in phospholipids.
Topics: Animals; Diaphragm; Diet; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Glucose; Male; Phospholipids; Rats; Trans Fatty Acids; Triglycerides
PubMed: 16079026
DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051442 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jan 2016Lipid oxidation is one of the major causes of quality deterioration in natural and processed foods and thus a large economic concern in the food industry. Phospholipids,... (Review)
Review
Lipid oxidation is one of the major causes of quality deterioration in natural and processed foods and thus a large economic concern in the food industry. Phospholipids, especially lecithins, are already widely used as natural emulsifiers and have been gaining increasing interest as natural antioxidants to control lipid oxidation. This review summarizes the fatty acid composition and content of phospholipids naturally occurring in several foods. The role of phospholipids as substrates for lipid oxidation is discussed, with a focus on meats and dairy products. Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms of phospholipids are also discussed to get a better understanding of the possible opportunities for using phospholipids as food antioxidants.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diet; Fatty Acids; Humans; Lecithins; Lipid Peroxidation; Phospholipids; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 26108454
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7320 -
Nutrients Apr 2015Eggs are a major source of phospholipids (PL) in the Western diet. Dietary PL have emerged as a potential source of bioactive lipids that may have widespread effects on... (Review)
Review
Eggs are a major source of phospholipids (PL) in the Western diet. Dietary PL have emerged as a potential source of bioactive lipids that may have widespread effects on pathways related to inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function. Based on pre-clinical studies, egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin appear to regulate cholesterol absorption and inflammation. In clinical studies, egg PL intake is associated with beneficial changes in biomarkers related to HDL reverse cholesterol transport. Recently, egg PC was shown to be a substrate for the generation of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbe-dependent metabolite associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. More research is warranted to examine potential serum TMAO responses with chronic egg ingestion and in different populations, such as diabetics. In this review, the recent basic science, clinical, and epidemiological findings examining egg PL intake and risk of CVD are summarized.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cholesterol, HDL; Diet; Eggs; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Methylamines; Models, Animal; Phospholipids; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25871489
DOI: 10.3390/nu7042731 -
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Oct 2015Mitochondrial decay is generally associated with impairment in the organelle bioenergetics function and increased oxidative stress, and it appears that deterioration of...
Mitochondrial decay is generally associated with impairment in the organelle bioenergetics function and increased oxidative stress, and it appears that deterioration of mitochondrial inner membrane phospholipids (PL) and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are among the main mechanisms involved in this process. In the present study, mitochondrial membrane PL compositions, oxidative status (TBARS content and SOD activity) and mtDNA gene expression of muscle and liver were analyzed in zebrafish fed two diets with lipid supplied either by rapeseed oil (RO) or a blend 60:40 of RO and DHA500 TG oil (DHA). Two feeding trials were performed using zebrafish from the same population of two ages (8 and 21 months). Dietary FA composition affected fish growth in 8-month-old animals, which could be related to an increase in stress promoted by diet composition. Lipid peroxidation was considerably higher in mitochondria of 8-month-old zebrafish fed the DHA diet than in animals fed the RO diet. This could indicate higher oxidative damage to mitochondrial lipids, very likely due to increased incorporation of DHA in PL of mitochondrial membranes. Lipids would be among the first molecules affected by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation could propagate oxidative reactions that would damage other molecules, including mtDNA. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and gene expression of 21-month-old fish showed lower responsiveness to diet composition than those of younger fish. Differences found in the effect of diet composition on mitochondrial lipids between the two age groups could be indicating age-related changes in the ability to maintain structural homeostasis of mitochondrial membranes.
Topics: Aging; Animal Feed; Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diet; Dietary Fats; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Gene Expression Regulation; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Rapeseed Oil; Zebrafish
PubMed: 26156499
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0079-0 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Jul 2022The results of epidemiological studies involving -3 PUFA and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. This matched case-control study assessed the associations...
The results of epidemiological studies involving -3 PUFA and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. This matched case-control study assessed the associations between -3 PUFA and PCOS prevalence in 325 pairs of PCOS cases and healthy controls. Dietary information was assessed using a 102-item FFQ. Fatty acids in serum phospholipids were measured with a GC method. We found that -3 PUFA in serum phospholipids were inversely associated with PCOS prevalence, including total, long-chain and individual PUFA (e.g. docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EPA and DHA). Compared with the lowest tertile (T1), the adjusted OR and their 95% CI for the highest tertile (T3) were 0·63 (0·40, 0·93) for total -3 PUFA, 0·60 (0·38, 0·92) for long-chain -3 PUFA, 0·68 (0·45, 1·01) for DHA, 0·70 (0·45, 1·05) for EPA and 0·72 (0·45, 1·08) for DPA. For dietary intake of -3 PUFA, significant inverse associations were found only for long-chain -3 PUFA ( = 0·001), EPA ( = 0·047) and DHA ( = 0·030). Both dietary and serum -3 PUFA, mainly EPA and DPA, were negatively correlated with PCOS-related parameters, such as BMI, fasting insulin, total testosterone and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, but positively correlated with follicle-stimulating hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin. These results indicated inverse associations between -3 PUFA, especially long-chain -3 PUFA, and PCOS prevalence. Higher intakes of -3 PUFA might be considered a protective factor for PCOS among Chinese females.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Diet; Phospholipids
PubMed: 34372961
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521003007 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2021Dietary lecithin is a source of choline. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin feeding on circulating choline, choline metabolites,...
Short communication: Effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin supplementation on circulating choline and choline metabolites, and the plasma phospholipid profile in Holstein cows fed palm fat.
Dietary lecithin is a source of choline. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin feeding on circulating choline, choline metabolites, and the plasma phospholipid profile in lactating dairy cows fed fractionated palm fatty acids. In a split-plot Latin square design, 16 Holstein cows (160 ± 7 d in milk; 3.6 ± 1.2 parity) were randomly allocated to a main plot receiving a corn silage and alfalfa haylage-based diet with palm fat containing either moderate or high palmitic acid content at 1.75% of ration dry matter (moderate and high palmitic acid containing 72 or 99% palmitic acid in fat supplement, respectively; n = 8/palm fat diet). Within each palm fat group, deoiled soy lecithin was top-dressed at 0, 0.12, 0.24, or 0.36% of ration dry matter in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14-d experimental periods. A 14-d covariate period was used to acclimate cows to palm fat feeding without lecithin supplementation. Blood sampling occurred during the final 3 d of each experimental period. Plasma choline and choline metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Plasma phospholipids were profiled using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Whereas no effects of treatments were detected for plasma choline or methionine, lecithin feeding increased the plasma concentrations of choline metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide and dimethylglycine (24 and 11%, respectively). Plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations increased with deoiled lecithin feeding (e.g., PC 16:0/22:6 and SM d18:1/18:3). Lecithin supplementation also increased plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations (e.g., LPC 18:0) while reducing plasma phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentrations (e.g., PE 16:0/20:5). Although increases in microbial-derived trimethylamine N-oxide suggest gastrointestinal lecithin degradation, elevations in plasma dimethylglycine, PC, LPC, and SM suggest that choline availability was improved by lecithin feeding in cows, thus supporting enhanced endogenous phospholipid synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Lactation; Lecithins; Medicago sativa; Palmitic Acid; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Silage; Glycine max; Zea mays
PubMed: 33246625
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18798