-
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Jan 2024Human milk (HM) is considered optimal nutrition for infants, beneficially programming adult health outcomes including reduced obesity risk. Early life exposure to infant...
Early-Life Exposure to Dietary Large Phospholipid-Coated Lipid Droplets Improves Markers of Metabolic and Immune Function in Adipose Tissue Later in Life in a Mouse Model.
SCOPE
Human milk (HM) is considered optimal nutrition for infants, beneficially programming adult health outcomes including reduced obesity risk. Early life exposure to infant formula with lipid droplets closely resembling the structural properties of HM lipid globules (Nuturis) attenuated white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation in mice upon adult western-style diet (WSD) feeding. Here, the study aims to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Mice are raised on control or Nuturis diets between postnatal days 16-42 followed by either standard diet or WSD for 16 weeks. While the adult body composition of mice on a standard diet is not significantly affected, Nuturis reduced adiposity in mice on WSD. Morphologically, mean adipocyte size is reduced in Nuturis-raised mice, independent of adult diet exposure, and WAT macrophage content is reduced, albeit not significantly. Transcriptomics of epididymal WAT indicate potential beneficial effects on energy metabolism and macrophage function by Nuturis.
CONCLUSION
Reduced adult adiposity by early life exposure to Nuturis appears to be associated with smaller adipocytes and alterations in WAT immune and energy metabolism. These results suggest that early modulation of WAT structure and/or function may contribute to the protective programming effects of the early-life Nuturis diet on later-life adiposity.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Mice; Animals; Phospholipids; Lipid Droplets; Adipose Tissue; Obesity; Diet, Western; Immunity; Adipose Tissue, White; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Diet, High-Fat
PubMed: 37985953
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300470 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Dietary composition substantially determines human health and affects complex diseases, including obesity, inflammation and cancer. Thus, food supplements have been...
Dietary composition substantially determines human health and affects complex diseases, including obesity, inflammation and cancer. Thus, food supplements have been widely used to accommodate dietary composition to the needs of individuals. Among the promising supplements are dietary phospholipids (PLs) that are commonly found as natural food ingredients and as emulsifier additives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of major PLs found as food supplements on the morphology of intestinal epithelial cells upon short-term and long-term high-dose feeding in mice. In the present report, the effect of short-term and long-term high dietary PL content was studied in terms of intestinal health and leaky gut syndrome in male mice. We used transmission electron microscopy to evaluate endothelial morphology at the ultrastructural level. We found mitochondrial damage and lipid droplet accumulation in the intracristal space, which rendered mitochondria more sensitive to respiratory uncoupling as shown by a mitochondrial respiration assessment in the intestinal crypts. However, this mitochondrial damage was insufficient to induce intestinal permeability. We propose that high-dose PL treatment impairs mitochondrial morphology and acts through extensive membrane utilization via the mitochondria. The data suggest that PL supplementation should be used with precaution in individuals with mitochondrial disorders.
Topics: Male; Humans; Mice; Animals; Phospholipids; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Mitochondria; Glycerophospholipids; Fatty Acids; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 36675301
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021788 -
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Dec 2021We investigated the effects of egg white protein hydrolysates (EWH) on orotic acid (OA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in rats. Effects of the egg white protein...
Dietary egg white protein hydrolysate improves orotic acid-induced fatty liver in rats by promoting hepatic phospholipid synthesis and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression.
We investigated the effects of egg white protein hydrolysates (EWH) on orotic acid (OA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in rats. Effects of the egg white protein (EWP) and EWH were also compared. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were separately fed AIN-76-based diets, supplemented with 20% casein for control, or with 1% OA, together with either 20% casein (OA), 20% EWP, or 20% EWH, respectively, for 3 d (developing stage) and 14 d (developed stage). In both feeding periods, animals from the OA group showed higher accumulation hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) compared with those from the control group. In the 14-d experiment, dietary EWP and EWH significantly reduced the hepatic TAG levels. Intake of EWP reduced liver fat in OA-fed rats by 61%, while EWH reduced it by 92%. In addition, EWH restored the OA-induced high serum-TAG level to that seen in the control group. The 3 d experiment showed that consumption of EWH improved the expression of hepatic MTP, that was reduced by OA, without changing Mttp gene expression. It also increased the hepatic synthesis of PC and PE by enhancing the transcription of Pcyt1 and Pemt genes. Inclusion of EWP and EWH in the diet improves the OA-induced NAFL. EWH reduces the liver TAG better than EWP, and works more rapidly. Dietary EWH ameliorates OA-induced NAFL by promoting the secretion of hepatic TAG.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Diet; Egg Proteins, Dietary; Liver; Male; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Orotic Acid; Phospholipids; Protein Hydrolysates; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triglycerides
PubMed: 34273531
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108820 -
Journal of Biochemistry Aug 19761. The effect of dietary manipulation on the synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids was investigated by determining the incorporation of labeled long-chain fatty...
1. The effect of dietary manipulation on the synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids was investigated by determining the incorporation of labeled long-chain fatty acid or glycerol into these lipids in liver slices derived from normally fed, fasted, and fat-free refed rats. 2. Triglyceride synthesis was affected markedly by the dietary regime of the animal; the lowest rates were measured with fasted rats, and the highest ones with fat-free refed rats. 3. In contrast to triglyceride synthesis, phospholipid synthesis occured at virtually constant rates regardless of the dietary conditions. 4. Addition of large amounts of fatty acid to the incubation mixture resulted in a marked stimulation of triglyceride synthesis, whereas phospholipid synthesis was affected to a much smaller extent. 5. These results indicate that the synthesis of triglycerides and that of phospholipids are controlled independently, and that the availability of fatty acid in the cell contributes to the control of triglyceride synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Dietary Fats; Ethanolamines; Fasting; Glycerol; In Vitro Techniques; Linoleic Acids; Liver; Male; Palmitic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Rats; Triglycerides
PubMed: 1002667
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131267 -
Journal of Oleo Science Jun 2017Phospholipid peroxidation is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. While dietary antioxidants are believed to help prevent these diseases...
Phospholipid peroxidation is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. While dietary antioxidants are believed to help prevent these diseases via inhibition of phospholipid peroxidation, further evaluation is needed to prove this hypothesis. For this, it is crucial to establish an animal model with accelerated phospholipid peroxidation. In this study, we hypothesized that a combination of aging and high-fat diet feeding may accelerate phospholipid peroxidation in vivo. High-fat diets were fed to mature and juvenile Fischer 344 rats for 12 weeks. The mature rats in particular accumulated body fat and liver phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH). Interestingly, the increase in PCOOH levels was abrogated by the co-administration of antioxidants to mature rats. This may be attributed to factors including the decrease in body fat, functions of vitamin E, and/or the involvement of antioxidant-related genes, each caused by antioxidant administration. These results indicate that the high-fat diet-fed aging animal model may be suitable for investigation of the relationship between phospholipid peroxidation, oxidative stress-related diseases, and dietary antioxidants.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Diet, High-Fat; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Models, Animal; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Rats, Inbred F344; Vitamin E
PubMed: 28515377
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16225 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Aug 2006The relative importance of the usual diet in serum phospholipids in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been poorly studied. To compare the fatty acid profile in...
The relative importance of the usual diet in serum phospholipids in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been poorly studied. To compare the fatty acid profile in serum phospholipids from adult CF subjects with that of healthy subjects, and determine the role of the normal diet in this profile, we studied thirty-seven adult CF subjects with stable pulmonary disease and thirty-seven healthy controls matched for age, sex and nutritional status. A dietary questionnaire was obtained, anthropometric data were recorded, and the fatty acid profile measured by GLC. Compared with the controls, the percentages of myristic, palmitoleic and stearic acids and total MUFA were significantly higher in the CF group, and DHA, linoleic acid, total PUFA and n-6 fatty acids were significantly lower in the CF group. The CF subjects with worse pulmonary function and with pancreatic insufficiency had significantly lower levels of linoleic and n-6 fatty acids. The total energy intake was significantly higher in the CF subjects, although the energy distribution in the CF subjects and the controls was not different for the carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. No differences were detected in fat intake for MUFA (51 (SD 4) v. 52 (SD 4) %) or saturated fatty acids (33.5 (SD 5) v. 31.2 (SD 3.8) %), but the PUFA were slightly lower in the CF subjects (15.4 (SD 4.5) v. 17.4 (SD 4.2) %; P=0.02). The usual dietary intake of fatty acids by adult CF subjects does not appear to explain the difference in the fatty acid profile compared with controls. This suggests an abnormal fatty acid metabolism in CF subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cystic Fibrosis; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Fats; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Lung; Male; Phospholipids; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 16923229
DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051655 -
Cancer Prevention Research... Apr 2010Exercise has been linked to a reduced cancer risk in animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study assessed the effect of exercise with...
Exercise has been linked to a reduced cancer risk in animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study assessed the effect of exercise with dietary consideration on the phospholipid profile in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse skin tissues. CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: ad libitum-fed sedentary control; ad libitum-fed treadmill exercise at 13.4 m/min for 60 min/d, 5 d/wk (Ex+AL); and treadmill-exercised but pair-fed with the same amount as the control (Ex+PF). After 14 weeks, Ex+PF but not Ex+AL mice showed approximately 25% decrease in both body weight and body fat when compared with the controls. Of the total 338 phospholipids determined by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, 57 were significantly changed, and 25 species could distinguish effects of exercise and diet treatments in a stepwise discriminant analysis. A 36% to 75% decrease of phosphatidylinositol (PI) levels in Ex+PF mice occurred along with a significant reduction of PI 3-kinase in TPA-induced skin epidermis, as measured by both Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, approximately 2-fold increase of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids, in phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines was observed in the Ex+PF group. Microarray analysis indicated that the expression of fatty acid elongase-1 increased. Taken together, these data indicate that exercise with controlled dietary intake, but not exercise alone, significantly reduced body weight and body fat as well as modified the phospholipid profile, which may contribute to cancer prevention by reducing TPA-induced PI 3-kinase and by enhancing omega-3 fatty acid elongation.
Topics: Acetyltransferases; Animals; Blotting, Western; Body Weight; Diet; Eating; Fatty Acid Elongases; Female; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phospholipids; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Weight Loss
PubMed: 20233900
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0021 -
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility May 1997The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing the diet of the male chicken with alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) on the phospholipid fatty acid...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing the diet of the male chicken with alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) on the phospholipid fatty acid composition, motility and fertilizing ability of chicken spermatozoa. The birds in the control group received a diet supplemented with soybean oil rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) whereas those in the test group were supplemented with linseed oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid. A number of age-related changes in the lipid parameters of the spermatozoa were observed in control birds. Between 24 and 72 weeks of age the amount of total lipid in the spermatozoa of control birds increased by approximately 2.4 times and the proportions of cholesterol and free fatty acid also increased significantly, whereas the proportions of phospholipid and triacylglycerol decreased. In addition, the proportion of phosphatidylcholine in the total phospholipid increased, whereas the proportion of phosphatidylserine decreased during the same period. The proportion of docosatetraenoic acid (22:4n-6) in the phospholipid decreased significantly between 24 and 72 weeks of age. The concentration of spermatozoa in the semen of control birds increased to a maximum at week 39 and had decreased significantly by week 72. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid had little or no effect on the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in the phospholipid profile of the spermatozoa. However, supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid did produce a significant but small increase in the proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) recorded at 39 and 54 weeks. Thus, this study shows that the fatty acid composition of the sperm phospholipid demonstrates a marked resistance to dietary manipulation. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid significantly enhanced semen fertility at week 39. The results suggest that the small increase in the proportion of n-3 fatty acids in the sperm phospholipids induced by enriching the diet with alpha-linolenic acid is associated with a significant improvement in semen quality at 39 weeks of age.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Diet; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Linseed Oil; Male; Phospholipids; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 9227357
DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1100053 -
Nutrients Feb 2010Experiments carried out with cultured cells and in experimental animals have consistently shown that phospholipids (PLs) can inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption....
Experiments carried out with cultured cells and in experimental animals have consistently shown that phospholipids (PLs) can inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption. Limited evidence from clinical studies suggests that dietary PL supplementation has a similar effect in man. A number of biological mechanisms have been proposed in order to explain how PL in the gut lumen is able to affect cholesterol uptake by the gut mucosa. Further research is however required to establish whether the ability of PLs to inhibit cholesterol absorption is of therapeutic benefit.
Topics: Cholesterol, Dietary; Diet; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lecithins; Phospholipids; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 22254012
DOI: 10.3390/nu2020116 -
Marine Drugs Oct 2023The weight loss effects of dietary phospholipids have been extensively studied. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of phospholipids (PLs) with...
The weight loss effects of dietary phospholipids have been extensively studied. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of phospholipids (PLs) with different fatty acids and polar headgroups on the development of obesity. High-fat-diet-fed mice were administrated with different kinds of PLs (2%, /) with specific fatty acids and headgroups, including EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylserine (EPA-PC/PE/PS), DHA-PC/PE/PS, Egg-PC/PE/PS, and Soy-PC/PE/PS for eight weeks. Body weight, white adipose tissue weight, and the levels of serum lipid and inflammatory markers were measured. The expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver were determined. The results showed that PLs decreased body weight, fat storage, and circulating lipid levels, and EPA-PLs had the best efficiency. Serum TNF-α, MCP-1 levels were significantly reduced via treatment with DHA-PLs and PS groups. Mechanistic investigation revealed that PLs, especially EPA-PLs and PSs, reduced fat accumulation through enhancing the expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (, , , and ) and downregulating lipogenesis gene (, , , and ) expression. These data suggest that EPA-PS exhibits the best effects among other PLs in terms of ameliorating obesity, which might be attributed to the fatty acid composition of phospholipids, as well as their headgroup.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phosphatidylcholines; Obesity; Diet, High-Fat; Phosphatidylserines; Eicosapentaenoic Acid
PubMed: 37999379
DOI: 10.3390/md21110555