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Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Mar 2008A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary phospholipid (PL) levels in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) larvae with regard to growth, survival, plasma lipids...
A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary phospholipid (PL) levels in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) larvae with regard to growth, survival, plasma lipids and enzymes of lipid metabolism. Fish with an average weight of 0.4 g were fed diets containing four levels of PL (0, 20, 40 and 80 g kg(-1)dry matter: purity 97%) for 42 days. Final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG) and survival ratio were highest in the 8% PL diet group and mortality was highest in PL-free diet group. We examined the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) in liver, lecithin-cholesterolacyltransferase (LCAT) in plasma as well as plasma lipids and lipoprotein. LCAT activity showed a decrease of more than two-fold in PL-supplemented diet groups compared with the PL-free diet group. HL activity was highest in the 8% PL diet group and the other three groups showed no difference. LPL activity was significantly higher in the PL-supplemented diet groups than in the PL-free diet group. The dietary intervention significantly increased plasma phospholipids and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and the higher free cholesterol (FC) level contributed to the TC level. However, the fish fed PL exhibited a significantly decreased plasma triglyceride (TG) level. The lipoprotein fractions were also affected significantly by the PL. The PL-supplemented diet groups had significantly higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared with the PL-free diet group, but showed a marked decrease in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The results suggested that PL could modify plasma lipoprotein metabolism and lipid profile, and that the optimal dietary PL level may well exceed 80 g kg(-1) for cobia larvae according to growth and survival.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Dietary Fats; Enzymes; Larva; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Perciformes; Phospholipids; Plasma; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 18649018
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-007-9140-y -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Nov 2020Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a class of many...
Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a class of many different molecules with many pathways involved in their synthesis and metabolism. A starting point for evaluating lipid hemostasis for nutrition and obesity research is needed. This paper describes three easy and accessible methods that require little expertise or practice to master, and that can be adapted by most labs to screen for lipid-metabolism abnormalities in mice. These methods are (1) measuring several fasting serum lipid molecules using commercial kits (2) assaying for dietary lipid-handling capability through an oral intralipid tolerance test, and (3) evaluating the response to a pharmaceutical compound, CL 316,243, in mice. Together, these methods will provide a high-level overview of lipid handling capability in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Biological Assay; Diet, High-Fat; Dioxoles; Emulsions; Fasting; Lipid Metabolism; Lipolysis; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phospholipids; Soybean Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 33311436
DOI: 10.3791/61927 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... Dec 1995The activities of enzymes in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in the liver of rats fed soybean phospholipids and soybean oil corresponding to the dietary levels of 3%...
The activities of enzymes in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in the liver of rats fed soybean phospholipids and soybean oil corresponding to the dietary levels of 3% fatty acid added to the diets containing a saturated fat (coconut oil) and a polyunsaturated fat (safflower oil) at the amounts corresponding to 12% fatty acid levels were compared. Soybean phospholipid compared with soybean oil added to both coconut and safflower oil diets significantly reduced the activities of enzymes in fatty acid synthesis (fatty and synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme). However, there were no significant differences in the activities of enzymes in fatty acid oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and acyl-CoA oxidase) between the groups of rats fed soybean phospholipid and soybean oil added to coconut and safflower oil diets except for one occasion. Soybean phospholipid compared with soybean oil added to coconut oil diet significantly decreased the concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol and phospholipid in the serum and of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in the liver. However, the dietary phospholipid added to safflower oil diet failed to alter these values. These results suggested that the alteration in the rate of fatty acid synthesis, but not oxidation, in the liver is responsible for the lipid-lowering effect of dietary soybean phospholipid added to a saturated fat diet.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Coconut Oil; Diet; Fatty Acid Synthases; Fatty Acids; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Soybean Oil; Glycine max; Triglycerides
PubMed: 8926536
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.41.635 -
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Jan 2023Little is known if and how maternal diet affects the liver phospholipid profiles that contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development in offspring....
Little is known if and how maternal diet affects the liver phospholipid profiles that contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development in offspring. We examined NAFLD phenotypes in male offspring mice of either maternal normal-fat diet (NF group), maternal high-fat diet (HF group), maternal methionine supplement (H1S group), or complete one-carbon supplement (H2S group) added to the maternal HF diet during gestation and lactation. HF offspring displayed worsened NAFLD phenotypes induced by post-weaning HF diet, however, maternal one-carbon supplement prevented such outcome. HF offspring also showed a distinct phospholipid profile from the offspring exposed to H1S or H2S diet. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) analysis further identified five pathways involved in phospholipid metabolism altered by different maternal diet interventions. Furthermore, differential methylated regions (DMRs) on Prkca, Dgkh, Plcb1 and Dgki were identified comparing between HF and NF offspring; most of these DMRs were recovered in H2S offspring. These methylation pattern changes were associated with gene expression changes: HF diet significantly reduced while H1S and H2S diet recovered their levels. Maternal HF diet disrupted offspring phospholipid profiles contributing to worsened hepatic steatosis. The maternal one-carbon supplement prevented such effects, probably through DNA methylation modification.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Phospholipids; Carbon; Liver; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 36270572
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109187 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Mar 1996Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts were fed diets containing either Fosol (FO), a North Sea fish oil, sunflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) or Marinol K (MO), a...
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts were fed diets containing either Fosol (FO), a North Sea fish oil, sunflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) or Marinol K (MO), a southern hemisphere fish oil rich in 20:5(n-3) for 12 weeks. A macrophage-enriched leucocyte preparation was obtained from head kidney and the fatty acid compositions of the individual membrane phospholipids measured. In general phospholipids from SO- and LO-fed fish had increased 18:2(n-6), 20:2(n-6) and 20:3(n-6) compared to the fish oil treatments while LO-fed fish had lower 20:4(n-6) than any other dietary treatment. Fish fed LO also had increased 18:3(n-3), 18:4(n-3), 20:3(n-3) and 20:4(n-3). The 20:5(n-3) content of kidney macrophage-enriched leucocyte phospholipids was highest in MO-fed fish followed by FO- and LO-fed fish with the lowest level in fish fed SO. The overall effect on the ratio of eicosanoid precursors, 20:4/20:5, showed the highest value in SO-fed fish and the lowest in fish fed LO. Production of LTB5 by kidney macrophage-enriched leucocytes stimulated with A23187 was highest in MO-fed fish and lowest in those fed SO. Production of LTB4 was greatest in SO-fed fish and lowest in fish fed LO. Serum Ig levels were significantly affected by dietary treatment with highest values in fish fed FO and SO and lowest in fish fed MO and LO.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Diet; Eicosanoids; Fatty Acids; Fish Oils; Immunity; Kidney; Leukotrienes; Lipid Metabolism; Macrophages; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Prostaglandins; Salmon
PubMed: 8860104
DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(96)90013-7 -
Biology of the Neonate 1992Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is characterized by an immature surfactant phospholipid pattern. We aimed to study the evolution of surfactant phospholipids... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is characterized by an immature surfactant phospholipid pattern. We aimed to study the evolution of surfactant phospholipids over a 6-day period, before and after surfactant replacement therapy with Curosurf, and to investigate possible interactions with exogenous phospholipids administered during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Seventeen premature infants with RDS were randomly assigned to receive TPN with lipids or without (glucose group). Both groups showed a similar evolution of the surfactant phospholipids. At day 6, the surfactant composition had changed towards a mature human surfactant pattern except for phosphatidylglycerol which remained low (1%), compensated for by a high phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine proportion (13.3%), Phospholipid subcomponents in plasma remained unchanged in both groups. Plasma total cholesterol (151 +/- 18 vs. 113 +/- 6 mg/dl, p less than 0.05) and cholesteryl esters (172 +/- 20 vs. 113 +/- 9 mg/dl, p less than 0.01) were higher in the glucose than in the lipid group. Total calorie intake was significantly higher in the lipid group (85 +/- 4 vs. 64 +/- 6 kcal/kg.day, p less than 0.01).
Topics: Biological Products; Cholesterol; Diet; Female; Glucose; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Phospholipids; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Surfactants; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Triglycerides
PubMed: 1391264
DOI: 10.1159/000243842 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... Feb 2006We developed a novel method that conveniently measures dietary choline-phospholipid content. Crude lipids extracted from dietary samples were reacted with phospholipase... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We developed a novel method that conveniently measures dietary choline-phospholipid content. Crude lipids extracted from dietary samples were reacted with phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus. The choline liberated from this reaction was then reacted with potassium triiodide, yielding choline periodide, which could be measured spectrophotometrically at 365 nm. This method proved to be more convenient than conventional assays, such as thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Our novel method is suitable for measuring many samples in single experiments.
Topics: Choline; Diet; Food Analysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodides; Linear Models; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipase D; Phospholipids; Spectrophotometry; Streptomyces
PubMed: 16637235
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.52.79 -
Lipids Nov 2021Dietary phospholipids have been traditionally known to affect micelle formation. Egg yolk-derived lysophospholipids (LysoPL) are commercially available. We investigated...
Dietary phospholipids have been traditionally known to affect micelle formation. Egg yolk-derived lysophospholipids (LysoPL) are commercially available. We investigated the effects of dietary LysoPL on lymphatic lipid transport. We also compared sn-1 LysoPL and sn-2 LysoPL, which have different fatty acyl esterification positions. Thoracic lymph duct-cannulated rats were fed a diet supplemented with egg yolk-derived sn-1 LysoPL, sn-2 LysoPL, or phospholipids (PL). The amount of lymphatic lipid transport was also evaluated. Time courses of transport were applied to the one-compartment model as one of the pharmacokinetic analyses. The solubility of cholesterol in bile acid micelles was measured. Compared to the PL diet, the sn-1 and sn-2 LysoPL diets significantly reduced the lymphatic transport of cholesterol. There were no differences in the lymphatic PL and TAG transport. There was no difference in cholesterol transport between the sn-1 LysoPL group and the sn-2 LysoPL group; however, the transport rate constant at a decrease in lymphatic cholesterol was lower in the sn-1 LysoPL group than in the sn-2 LysoPL group. Cholesterol solubility in bile acid micelles was significantly decreased in the sn-1 LysoPL and sn-2 LysoPL groups compared to that in the PL group. Dietary LysoPL affects the behavior of intestinal cholesterol and suppresses lymphatic cholesterol transport.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Diet; Fatty Acids; Lymph; Lysophospholipids; Phospholipids; Rats
PubMed: 34409611
DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12319 -
Zebrafish Feb 2020Dietary phospholipids' (PLs) content, origin, and profile are known to affect fish development and reproductive performance, but their effects in zebrafish () nutrition...
Dietary phospholipids' (PLs) content, origin, and profile are known to affect fish development and reproductive performance, but their effects in zebrafish () nutrition are still poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of practical microdiets containing plant-based and marine PL sources in zebrafish growth, survival, skeletal development, and reproductive performance. Reproductive performance was evaluated according to sperm motility, number of eggs, egg morphometry, hatching rate, and offspring standard length at 5 days postfertilization (dpf). For this purpose, seven microdiets were used, where two control diets were tested along with a supplementation with soybean lecithin (SL) as a plant-based PL source, and krill oil (KO) and copepod oil (CO) as marine PL sources, or in combinations (SLCO and SLKO). KO supplementation decreased larval growth performance and induced severe skeletal anomalies. SL supplementation reduced sperm total motility but improved offspring length at 5 dpf. CO supplementation increased sperm motility and the number of spawned eggs. Our results showed that a careful selection of the origin of dietary PL sources for microdiet formulation is critical to ensure adequate skeletal development and reproductive success. This study contributes to the improvement of zebrafish microdiet formulation and optimization of zebrafish husbandry practices.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Female; Male; Ovum; Phospholipids; Random Allocation; Reproduction; Skeleton; Sperm Motility; Zebrafish
PubMed: 31851586
DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1794 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Aug 2016Cardiolipin is a specialized phospholipid found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of its unique dimeric structure, cardiolipin plays an important... (Review)
Review
Cardiolipin is a specialized phospholipid found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of its unique dimeric structure, cardiolipin plays an important role in mitochondrial function, stability, and membrane fluidity. As such, cardiolipin is subject to a high degree of remodeling by phospholipases, acyltransferases, and transacylases that create a fatty acyl profile that tends to be highly tissue-specific. Despite this overarching regulation, the molecular species of cardiolipin produced are also influenced by dietary lipid composition. A number of studies have characterized the tissue-specific profile of cardiolipin species and have investigated the specific nature of cardiolipin remodeling, including the role of both enzymes and diet. The aim of this review is to highlight tissue specific differences in cardiolipin composition and, collectively, the enzymatic and dietary factors that contribute to these differences. Consequences of aberrant cardiolipin fatty acyl remodeling are also discussed.
Topics: Cardiolipins; Diet; Dietary Fats; Linoleic Acid; Membrane Fluidity; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Oleic Acid; Phospholipids
PubMed: 27061349
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500966