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Comparative Biochemistry and... 2022Embryonic and early larval development and metabolism are fueled entirely by maternally derived nutritional resources (yolk and oil) before the onset of exogenous...
Embryonic and early larval development and metabolism are fueled entirely by maternally derived nutritional resources (yolk and oil) before the onset of exogenous feeding. Composition of these maternally derived nutrients depends partly on maternal diet. Diet-egg relationships for fatty acids are well described for some species, but little is known about lipid transfer to eggs. To examine the effects of maternal diet on the egg composition, we fed adult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus six different diets, and measured lipid class and fatty acid composition of eggs they produced. Egg lipid class profiles remained relatively stable with only subtle differences in the concentrations of several lipid classes. Neutral lipid classes (wax ester/steryl ester (WE/SE), triglyceride (TG), sterol) varied more than polar lipid classes, with egg TG content being directly related to TG content of maternal diets. Dietary variations rapidly affected fatty acid composition of all major lipid classes in eggs (TG, WE/SE, phosphatidylcholine), with greater effects on neutral lipids than on the polar lipid. Results suggest a degree of maternal control over the provisioning of lipids as structural components (phospholipids) and energy substrates (neutral lipids), which may ensure proper development of larvae. But, egg fatty acid composition within lipid classes is more variable, and this may have consequences for larval survival and performance. This study also suggests that the pathways of maternal-offspring nutrient transfer are likely different for neutral and polar lipids.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Perciformes; Phosphatidylcholines
PubMed: 34758384
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110694 -
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Dec 2023To explore the potential benefits of dietary phospholipids (PLs) in fish glucose metabolism and to promote feed culture of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi), we set up...
To explore the potential benefits of dietary phospholipids (PLs) in fish glucose metabolism and to promote feed culture of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi), we set up six diets to feed Chinese perch (initial mean body weight 37.01 ± 0.20 g) for 86 days, including: Control diet (CT), 1% (SL1), 2% (SL2), 3% (SL3), 4% (SL4) soybean lecithin (SL) and 2% (KO2) krill oil (KO) supplemental diets (in triplicate, 20 fish each). Our study found that the SL2 significantly improved the weight gain rate and special growth rate, but the KO2 did not. In addition, the SL2 diet significantly improved feed intake, which is consistent with the mRNA levels of appetite-related genes (npy, agrp, leptin A). Additionally, in the CT and SL-added groups, leptin A expression levels were nearly synchronized with serum glucose levels. Besides, the SL2 significantly upregulated expression levels of glut2, gk, cs, fas and downregulated g6pase in the liver, suggesting that it may enhance glucose uptake, aerobic oxidation, and conversion to fatty acids. The SL2 also maintained the hepatic crude lipid content unchanged compared to the CT, possibly by significantly down-regulating the mRNA level of hepatic lipase gene (hl), and by elevating serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level and intraperitoneal fat ratio in significance. Moreover, the serum high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased by PL supplementation, and the SL2 further significantly increased serum total cholesterol and LDL levels, suggesting that dietary PLs promote lipid absorption and transport. Furthermore, dietary SL at 1% level could enhance non-specific immune capacity, with serum total protein level being markedly higher than that in the CT group. In conclusion, it is speculated that the promotion of glucose utilization and appetite by 2% dietary SL could be linked. We suggest a 1.91% supplementation of SL in the diet for the best growth performance in juvenile Chinese perch.
Topics: Animals; Lecithins; Perches; Glycine max; Leptin; Diet; Fatty Acids; Lipid Metabolism; Glucose; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 37855970
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01241-1 -
Magnesium Research Mar 1994The effect of magnesium deficiency with/without supplementary cholesterol on phospholipid content in liver, plasma and erythrocytes was investigated in New Zealand White...
The effect of magnesium deficiency with/without supplementary cholesterol on phospholipid content in liver, plasma and erythrocytes was investigated in New Zealand White male rabbits. After the rabbits had been fed a low magnesium and/or high cholesterol diet for seven weeks, the phospholipid content in liver, plasma and erythrocytes was measured. Dietary magnesium deficiency produced a marked elevation of total phospholipid and certain individual phospholipids in the rabbit liver. The elevation was accentuated by cholesterol supplementation. In the plasma, a low magnesium intake enhanced plasma phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelin, but an activated conversion from phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine made the increase in phospholipid insignificant. On the other hand, a low magnesium intake restricted the increase in magnitude of phospholipid caused by cholesterol supplementation. In the erythrocytes, total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were decreased by a low magnesium and/or a high cholesterol intake. We suggest that the increased contents of total phospholipid and/or certain individual phospholipids in the livers and plasma resulted from the enhanced synthesis of phospholipid in the liver by low magnesium intake. A decreased utilization of food by low magnesium diet limited the magnitude of plasma phospholipid increase produced by cholesterol supplementation.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Esters; Cholesterol, Dietary; Diet; Erythrocytes; Growth; Liver; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Phospholipids; Rabbits; Triglycerides
PubMed: 8054258
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2017Biomarkers of macronutrient intake are lacking. Controlled human feeding studies that preserve the normal variation in nutrient and food consumption are necessary for...
Biomarkers of macronutrient intake are lacking. Controlled human feeding studies that preserve the normal variation in nutrient and food consumption are necessary for the development and validation of robust nutritional biomarkers. We aimed to assess the utility of serum phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as biomarkers of dietary intakes of fatty acids, total fat, and carbohydrate. We used an individualized controlled feeding study in which 153 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) were provided with a 2-wk controlled diet that mimicked each individual's habitual food intake. A total of 41 PLFAs were measured with the use of gas chromatography in end-of-feeding-period fasting serum samples and expressed in both relative and absolute concentrations. values (percentages of variation explained) from linear regressions of (ln-transformed) consumed fatty acids (individual, groups, and broad categories) on (ln-transformed) corresponding measures of serum PLFAs alone and together with selected participant-related variables (age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, season of study participation, education level, and estimated energy intake from doubly labeled water) were used for evaluation against established urinary recovery biomarkers of energy and protein intake as benchmarks. Models to predict intakes of other nutrients were also explored. Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the benchmark of > 36% with or without covariates. When all 41 serum PLFAs and participant-related covariates were initially included in the model for selection, cross-validated achieved >36% for consumed total carbohydrate (grams per day), total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), percentage of energy from SFAs, and total fatty acids with serum PLFAs in both relative and absolute concentrations. Serum PLFA biomarkers perform similarly to established energy and protein urinary recovery biomarkers in describing intake variations for several nutrients and, thus, appear suitable for application in this population of postmenopausal women. This approach represents an important methodologic contribution toward the utilization of nutritional biomarkers to assess macronutrient intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Energy Intake; Fasting; Fatty Acids; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Phospholipids; Postmenopause; Postprandial Period; Reference Values; Trans Fatty Acids
PubMed: 28446501
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153072 -
Nutrition Reviews Jul 1964
Review
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Fasting; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Phospholipids; Rats; Research
PubMed: 14193321
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1964.tb04889.x -
Lipids Mar 1992Adult male marmoset monkeys were fed eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) as the ethyl ester in diets containing either 32% (reference diet, no added cholesterol) or 7%... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Adult male marmoset monkeys were fed eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) as the ethyl ester in diets containing either 32% (reference diet, no added cholesterol) or 7% (atherogenic diet with 0.2% added cholesterol) linoleic acid (18:2n-6) for 30 wk. No changes were seen in the level of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) but minor changes were observed in both the sphingomyelin (SPM) and phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine (PI+PS) fractions of erythrocyte lipids. The extent of total n-3 fatty acid incorporation into membrane lipids was higher in atherogenic diets (polyunsaturated/monounsaturated/saturated (P/M/S) ratio 0.2:0.6:1.0) than reference diets (P/M/S ratio 1:1:1) and this was true for both PE (33.4 +/- 1.0% vs 24.3 +/- 1.1%) and PC (9.3 +/- 0.5% vs 4.9 +/- 0.3%). Although suitable controls for cholesterol effects were not included in the study, earlier results obtained with marmosets lead us to believe such effects were probably small. Regardless of basic diet (atherogenic, reference), 20:5n-3 was preferentially incorporated into PE (10.8 +/- 0.2%, 6.0 +/- 0.02%) while smaller amounts were incorporated into PC (6.9 +/- 0.4%, 3.2 +/- 0.2%). The major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in PE in response to dietary 20:5n-3 was the elongation metabolite 22:5n-3 in both the atherogenic (17.7 +/- 0.7%) and reference (14.3 +/- 1.0%) dietary groups; 22:6n-3 levels were less affected by diet (4.7 +/- 0.3% and 3.9 +/- 0.2%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Cholesterol, Dietary; Diet, Atherogenic; Dietary Fats; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Reference Values; Sphingomyelins
PubMed: 1522760
DOI: 10.1007/BF02536173 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Mar 2017In vitro studies suggest that liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x (SCP2/SCPx) gene products facilitate uptake...
In vitro studies suggest that liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x (SCP2/SCPx) gene products facilitate uptake and metabolism and detoxification of dietary-derived phytol in mammals. However, concomitant upregulation of L-FABP in SCP2/SCPx null mice complicates interpretation of their physiological phenotype. Therefore, the impact of ablating both the L-FABP gene and SCP2/SCPx gene (L-FABP/SCP2/SCPx null or TKO) was examined in phytol-fed female wild-type (WT) and TKO mice. TKO increased hepatic total lipid accumulation, primarily phospholipid, by mechanisms involving increased hepatic levels of proteins in the phospholipid synthetic pathway. Concomitantly, TKO reduced expression of proteins in targeting fatty acids towards the triacylglycerol synthetic pathway. Increased hepatic lipid accumulation was not associated with any concomitant upregulation of membrane fatty acid transport/translocase proteins involved in fatty acid uptake (FATP2, FATP4, FATP5 or GOT) or cytosolic proteins involved in fatty acid intracellular targeting (ACBP). In addition, TKO exacerbated dietary phytol-induced whole body weight loss, especially lean tissue mass. Since individually ablating SCPx or SCP2/SCPx elicited concomitant upregulation of L-FABP, these findings with TKO mice help to resolve the contributions of SCP2/SCPx gene ablation on dietary phytol-induced whole body and hepatic lipid phenotype independent of concomitant upregulation of L-FABP.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Diet; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Fatty Acids; Female; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Phospholipids; Phytol; Triglycerides; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 27940000
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.12.002 -
Journal of the American Dietetic... Oct 2009To identify different markers in order to validate the assessment of dietary intake in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).
OBJECTIVE
To identify different markers in order to validate the assessment of dietary intake in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey.
SETTING
Tertiary care.
SUBJECTS
We assessed 37 adults with CF whose nutritional and respiratory condition was stable and 37 healthy adults, matched for age, sex, and nutritional status.
INTERVENTIONS
A consecutive, 7-day, prospective dietary survey was given to all the participants. Anthropometric variables were measured and a fasting blood sample was drawn to measure the composition of the serum phospholipid fatty acids by gas chromatography. We also measured fecal fat and nitrogen at 72 hours and 24-hour urine nitrogen.
RESULTS
The ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate expenditure was significantly greater in the patients (2.1+/-0.4) than the controls (1.79+/-0.4) and the percentage of patients with the ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate lower than 1.55 was 24% in the controls (n=9) vs 8% in the patients (n=3). Fecal nitrogen correlated significantly with total energy and the intake of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. In the patients, total dietary energy and fat and protein intake correlated positively with fecal fat. The protein and fat intake and fecal nitrogen and fat correlated significantly with urine nitrogen. In the controls, significant correlations were seen between different parameters of intake and the percentage of certain serum phospholipid fatty acids. These correlations in the patients were either absent or less marked.
CONCLUSIONS
Use in persons with CF of the energy intake to basal metabolic rate ratio, measurement of fecal fat and nitrogen at 72 hours and of urine nitrogen may be useful to validate dietary surveys. The serum phospholipid fatty acid profile, however, may be less useful for this purpose in these patients.
Topics: Adult; Basal Metabolism; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cystic Fibrosis; Diet; Diet Surveys; Energy Intake; Feces; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Nitrogen; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Phospholipids; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 19782169
DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.07.012 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2021Phospholipids are the main lipid components in Antarctic krill oil, and the combination of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) shows multiple nutritional...
Phospholipids are the main lipid components in Antarctic krill oil, and the combination of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) shows multiple nutritional advantages. At present, the research about Antarctic krill phospholipid (KOPL) mainly focuses on the purification, and there are few reports on the anti-obesity effect. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of KOPL on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. All the mice were divided into five groups, which were fed chow diet, HFD, and different doses of KOPL + HFD, respectively. The results showed that KOPL treatment could reduce the weight gain, fat accumulation, and liver tissue damage in HFD-induced mice. KOPL treatment could reduce the levels of serum lipid (TC, TG, L-LDL) and fasting blood glucose in HFD-induced mice, and the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in serum. Further analysis showed that KOPL could promote the normal expression of lipid-synthesis-related genes and proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) in liver tissue. Besides, it inhibited the overexpression of inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β and TNF-α), but increased the expression of tight junction genes (ZO-1 and Occludin) in the colon tissue. Additionally, KOPL improved the decrease of diversity and imbalance of intestinal microbiota, which could contribute to its beneficial effects. In summary, the KOPL treatment improves the effects of HFD-induced obese mice by maintaining normal lipid levels, protecting the liver tissue, reducing inflammation response and intestinal damage, and regulating intestinal microbiota abnormalities. It refer to KOPL could be a promising dietary strategy for treating obesity and improving its related metabolic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Euphausiacea; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Phospholipids
PubMed: 34507719
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110456 -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Oct 2009We determined the effects of dietary supplementation with folate and vitamin B(12) on lipid metabolism and the deposition of these vitamins in eggs of laying hens (age...
We determined the effects of dietary supplementation with folate and vitamin B(12) on lipid metabolism and the deposition of these vitamins in eggs of laying hens (age 64-72 weeks). Four levels of folate (0, 0.5, 4 and 10 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin B(12) (0, 0.01 and 0.08 mg/kg) were added to the basal diet for 8 weeks in a 4 x 3 factorial completely randomized design study. No significant physiological interaction between folate and vitamin B(12) was evident under our experimental conditions. There was no effect of vitamins supplementation on egg production or feed intake. Supplementation with folate significantly elevated serum (p < 0.01) and yolk (p < 0.05) folate levels. Supplementation with vitamin B(12) did not significantly affect serum or egg yolk vitamin B(12) levels. Supplementation with folate or vitamin B(12) did not significantly affect triglyceride or total phospholipid levels in serum or egg yolk although a positive relationship was observed between dietary folate supplementation and total serum phospholipid (r(2) = 0.68, p < 0.05). The study showed that it is possible to produce folate-enriched eggs. An increase in serum total phospholipids due to dietary supplementation with folate may provide physiological benefits to hens, although we did not observe any strong effects of these vitamins on lipid composition.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eggs; Folic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Phospholipids; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 19396565
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9350-7