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Marine Drugs Sep 2022The sea cucumber , being a target species of commercial fisheries and aquaculture, is also used as a source of biologically active compounds with high pharmacological...
The sea cucumber , being a target species of commercial fisheries and aquaculture, is also used as a source of biologically active compounds with high pharmacological potential. By the methods of high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry, we analyzed the major structural phospholipids (PL)-glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoserines (PS), and glycerophosphoinositols (PI)-in tissues of wild and cultured sea cucumbers. The intestines of the wild and cultured animals differed from the other tissues by an elevated content of molecular species of PE, PC, and PS with 22:6n-3 fatty acid. The respiratory trees of the studied animals contained a high level of odd-chain PI and PI with 20:4n-6. The exposure to n-3 PUFA-deficient diet resulted in substantial changes in the molecular species profile of PL of the wild and cultured animals. The cultured sea cucumbers showed a significant decrease in the 20:5n-3 content in all four studied PL classes. A replacement of 20:5n-3 by 20:4n-6 occurred in PE, PC, and PI. The decrease in the level of molecular species of PS with 20:5n-3 was compensated by an increase in the level of monounsaturated long-chain PS. The diet of cultured sea cucumbers is a crucial factor for enhancing the nutritional properties of the product obtained from them.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Phospholipids; Stichopus
PubMed: 36135767
DOI: 10.3390/md20090578 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2017Milk is one of the most important foods for mammals, because it is the first form of feed providing energy, nutrients and immunological factors. In the last few years,... (Review)
Review
Milk is one of the most important foods for mammals, because it is the first form of feed providing energy, nutrients and immunological factors. In the last few years, milk lipids have attracted the attention of researchers due to the presence of several bioactive components in the lipid fraction. The lipid fraction of milk and dairy products contains several components of nutritional significance, such as ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, CLA, short chain fatty acids, gangliosides and phospholipids. Prospective cohort evidence has shown that phospholipids play an important role in the human diet and reinforce the possible relationship between their consumption and prevention of several chronic diseases. Because of these potential benefits of phospholipids in the human diet, this review is focused on the recent advances in phospholipids from colostrum, milk and dairy by-products. Phospholipid composition, its main determination methods and the health activities of these compounds will be addressed.
Topics: Animals; Colostrum; Dairy Products; Diet; Humans; Inflammation; Milk; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Phospholipids
PubMed: 28106745
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010173 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... 2014To investigate interactions of dietary LC-PUFA, a dose-response study with a range of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) levels (1 g kg(-1), 5 g kg(-1), 10 g kg(-1), 15...
Influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid in combination with other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on expression of biosynthesis genes and phospholipid fatty acid compositions in tissues of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
To investigate interactions of dietary LC-PUFA, a dose-response study with a range of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) levels (1 g kg(-1), 5 g kg(-1), 10 g kg(-1), 15 g kg(-1) and 20 g kg(-1)) was performed with post-smolts (111 ± 2.6g; mean ± S.D.) over a nine-week feeding period. Additional diets included 10 g kg(-1) DHA in combination with 10 g kg(-1) of either eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) or arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6), and a diet containing 5 g kg(-1) each of DHA and EPA. The liver, brain, head kidney and gill were collected at the conclusion of the trial, and lipid and fatty acid compositions were determined as well as expression of genes of LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Total lipid content and class composition were largely unaffected by changes in dietary LC-PUFA. However, phospholipid (PL) fatty acid compositions generally reflected that of the diet, although the response varied between tissues. The liver most strongly reflected diet, followed by the head kidney. In both tissues increasing dietary DHA led to significantly increased DHA in PL and inclusion of EPA or ARA led to higher levels of these fatty acids. The brain showed the most conserved composition and gene expression profile, with increased dietary LC-PUFA resulting in only minor changes in PL fatty acids. Dietary LC-PUFA significantly affected the expression of Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases, Elovl 2, 4 and 5, and SREBPs although this varied between tissues with greatest effects observed in the liver followed by the head kidney, similar to PL fatty acid compositions.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Brain; Diet; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Gene Expression Regulation; Gills; Kidney; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Phospholipids; Salmo salar
PubMed: 24807616
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.04.007 -
Communications in Agricultural and... 2013
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Aquaculture; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Male; Ovum; Phosphatidylcholines; Reproduction; Spermatozoa; Zebrafish
PubMed: 25141714
DOI: No ID Found -
Lipids Mar 1996The role of phospholipids in biliary cholesterol solubilization and crystallization has only recently begun to be appreciated. Phospholipid vesicles are believed to be...
The role of phospholipids in biliary cholesterol solubilization and crystallization has only recently begun to be appreciated. Phospholipid vesicles are believed to be the metastable carrier from which cholesterol nucleates. Cholesterol crystallization is influenced by the phospholipid species in bile. Feeding rats and hamsters with diets enriched in phospholipids or their precursors, especially ethanolamine, resulted in reduced cholesterol saturation of bile. Although whole phospholipids are normal dietary constituents, the effects and safety of phospholipid components have not been tested in humans. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of a dietary phospholipid mixture, enriched with phosphatidylethanolamine, on human bile and red blood cell membrane lipid composition. Five ambulatory volunteers having a chronic indwelling T-tube, with an intact enterohepatic circulation, were investigated. Thirty-six grams of phospholipids (54% phosphatidylethanolamine, 54% linoleyl acyl chains) were added to their daily diet for fourteen days. Biliary nucleation time, cholesterol carriers, as well as plasma, red blood cell membrane, and bile lipid compositions, were monitored. Following phospholipid supplementation, the proportion of linoleyl chains (18:2) in biliary phospholipids increased significantly from 31.1 +/- 1.2 to 37.7 +/- 5.3%, while that of oleyl chains (18:1) decreased from 11.4 +/- 1.6 to 9.6 +/- 1.1%. These changes were accompanied by an increase of linoleate and its metabolite, arachidonate, in red cell membranes. Phospholipid feeding did not cause any side effects, and no significant changes in biliary nucleation time, cholesterol, phospholipid, or bile salt concentrations, or in the distribution of cholesterol within micelles or vesicles. We conclude that phospholipid feeding is safe, and can be effective as a vehicle for lecithin fatty acyl chain modulation of bile and lipid membranes. These findings may provide a basis for a controlled modulation of biliary phospholipids to increase cholesterol solubility in bile.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bile; Cell Membrane; Diet; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Male; Membrane Lipids; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids
PubMed: 8900459
DOI: 10.1007/BF02529876 -
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... 1981Monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were divided into four groups, and each group was fed a particular diet. The variables in the diets were as follows: diet A, 0.3 mg...
Monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were divided into four groups, and each group was fed a particular diet. The variables in the diets were as follows: diet A, 0.3 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient; diet B, 1.0 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient; diet C, 0.3 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient, ethanol (36% of calories); diet D, 1.0 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient, ethanol (36% of calories). Monkeys on the diets containing ethanol developed fatty liver. Mitochondria and microsomes isolated from these livers demonstrated ethanol-elicited alterations in metabolic functions as is described in the preceding paper. Accompanying these changes in metabolic activities were alterations in organelle phospholipids that were influenced by both dietary ethanol and cholesterol. The changes that could be attributed to ethanol were as follows. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine was decreased in microsomes and increased in mitochondria; the sphingomyelin content in microsomes was increased significantly. The levels of stearic and arachidonic acid were elevated, and palmitic and oleic acid decreased, in phospholipids from both mitochondria and microsomes. Cholesterol influenced the fatty acid composition of several phospholipids, usually in a direction opposite to those alterations attributed to ethanol. Cholesterol feeding increased levels of palmitic and oleic acid and decreased amounts of stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid in several phospholipids. The significant ethanol- and cholesterol-elicited alterations observed in this study suggest the possibility that the changes in metabolic functions in mitochondria and microsomes are controlled, at least in part, by alterations in the phospholipid compositions of these organelles.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol, Dietary; Diet; Ethanol; Fatty Acids; Macaca nemestrina; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Phospholipids
PubMed: 7025694
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04925.x -
PloS One 2014Intake of saturated fat is a risk factor for ulcerative colitis (UC) and colon cancer. Changes in the microbiota have been implicated in the development of UC and colon...
Intake of saturated fat is a risk factor for ulcerative colitis (UC) and colon cancer. Changes in the microbiota have been implicated in the development of UC and colon cancer. The host and the microbiota generate metabolites that may contribute to or reflect disease pathogenesis. We used lipid class specific quantitative mass spectrometry to assess the phospholipid (PL) profile (phosphatidylcholine [PC], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE], phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylserine [PS]) of stool from mice fed a high fat (HFD) or control diet with or without induction of colitis-associated tumors using azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. The microbiota was assessed using qPCR for several bacterial groups. Colitis-associated tumors were associated with reduced bulk PI and PE levels in control diet fed mice compared to untreated mice. Significant decreases in the relative quantities of several PC species were found in colitis-associated tumor bearing mice fed either diet. Statistical analysis of the PL profile revealed distinct clustering by treatment group. Partial least squares regression analysis found that the relative quantities of the PS class profile best predicted bacterial abundance of Clostridium leptum and Prevotella groups. Abundance of selected PL species correlated with bacterial group quantities. Thus, we have described that a HFD and colitis-associated tumors are associated with changes in phospholipids and may reflect host-microbial interactions and disease states.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Colitis; Colonic Neoplasms; Diet, High-Fat; Feces; Female; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Phospholipids
PubMed: 25469718
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114352 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2023Dietary fats are essential for maternal and fetal health. Fatty acids (FAs) in erythrocytes characterize the FA profile, which is influenced by diet and other factors....
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Dietary fats are essential for maternal and fetal health. Fatty acids (FAs) in erythrocytes characterize the FA profile, which is influenced by diet and other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the main FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and their influencing factors-dietary fat and supplement intake and lifestyle factors-in Latvian pregnant women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 236 pregnant and postpartum women. The data were collected from medical documentation, a food frequency questionnaire, and a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, health status, and nutritional habits in outpatient clinics and maternity departments. FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were determined using gas chromatography.
RESULTS
Correlations were found between dietary SFAs and erythrocyte SFAs (r = -0.140, = 0.032) and PUFAs (r = 0.167, = 0.01) and between dietary PUFAs and erythrocyte MUFAs (r = -0.143, = 0.028). Dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs positively correlated with the studied n-3 and n-6 FAs in erythrocytes. Vitamin D correlated positively with MUFA and negatively with total PUFA and AA in erythrocytes. There was a negative correlation between dietary vitamin A and linoleic acid in erythrocytes. Physical activity negatively correlated with erythrocyte MUFAs and positively with erythrocyte PUFAs. Alcohol consumption positively correlated with erythrocyte SFAs and negatively with erythrocyte PUFAs.
CONCLUSIONS
There are indications that some dietary FAs may be correlated with erythrocyte FAs. Possible influencing factors for this association are alcohol, physical activity, vitamin D, and vitamin A.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Vitamin A; Cross-Sectional Studies; Latvia; Pregnant Women; Diet; Erythrocytes; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Dietary Fats
PubMed: 37763633
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091514 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Dec 2004Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential components of the cell lipid bilayer and are involved in membrane fluidity and normal functioning, but they are...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential components of the cell lipid bilayer and are involved in membrane fluidity and normal functioning, but they are vulnerable to free radical attack. Given the role of oxidative stress in the aging process, age-related changes in phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition in rat liver, kidney and heart were assessed in 3-, 12- and 24-month-old rats fed either ad libitum but only every other day, or daily but only 60% of the quantity normally consumed by age-matched controls.
METHODS
Lipids were extracted and phospholipids (PLs) were separated using the solid phase extraction technique, then transesterified and assayed by gas-liquid chromatography.
RESULTS
Saturated fatty acids (FAs) did not change significantly with age; mono- and bi-unsaturated FAs decreased in the liver and heart, and the ratio of the former to the latter increased in the liver, kidney and heart. PUFAs increased in the liver and heart. As regards individual FAs, 20:1(n-9) decreased in all organs, 14:1 and 18:1(n-7) increased in the kidney and heart, 18:1(n-9) increased in the kidney, 20:2(n-6), 18:2(n-6) and 22:5(n-3) decreased in the liver and heart, 20:3(n-6) decreased in the kidney and increased in the heart. The most abundant PUFAs, 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3), either remained the same or increased with age. The N-9 family increased in the kidney, the N-7 family increased in the kidney and heart, the N-6 family decreased in all three organs, and the N-3 family increased in the liver and kidney. Dietary restriction (DR) significantly counteracted most of these changes, but changes in some FAs [20:2(n-6) in the heart] were magnified by DR and may not be age-related.
CONCLUSIONS
Most age-related changes (that occurred in the rat liver, kidney and heart and were counteracted by the two different types of DR) may be involved in the mechanism of aging.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Fatty Acids; Food Deprivation; Heart Ventricles; Kidney; Liver; Male; Phospholipids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 15739591
DOI: 10.1007/BF03327396 -
Federation Proceedings 1946
Topics: Blood; Diet; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Phospholipids
PubMed: 21064527
DOI: No ID Found