-
The Journal of Nutrition Feb 2016Not much is known about the relations of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which are influenced by both metabolic and dietary determinants, with total and...
BACKGROUND
Not much is known about the relations of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which are influenced by both metabolic and dietary determinants, with total and cause-specific mortality.
OBJECTIVE
We examined the associations of plasma phospholipid SFAs with total and cause-specific mortality among 3941 older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based prospective study of adults aged ≥65 y who were followed from 1992 through 2011.
METHODS
The relations of total and cause-specific mortality with plasma phospholipid palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.
RESULTS
During 45,450 person-years of follow-up, 3134 deaths occurred. Higher concentrations of the plasma phospholipid SFAs 18:0, 22:0, and 24:0 were associated with a lower risk of total mortality [multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs)] for the top compared with the bottom quintile: 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) for 18:0; 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) for 22:0; and 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) for 24:0. In contrast, plasma 16:0 concentrations in the highest quintile were associated with a higher risk of total mortality compared with concentrations in the lowest quintile [1.25 (1.11, 1.41)]. We also found no association of plasma phospholipid 20:0 with total mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that the associations of plasma phospholipid SFAs with the risk of death differ according to SFA chain length and support future studies to better characterize the determinants of circulating SFAs and to explore the mechanisms underlying these relations.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Diet; Dietary Fats; Eicosanoic Acids; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Male; Mortality; Palmitic Acid; Phospholipids; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 26701797
DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.222117 -
Zeitschrift Fur Ernahrungswissenschaft Dec 1993Dietary intake, nutrient supplementation, and serum lipids were investigated in 13 German male amateur body-builders during a non-competitive period. Dietary information... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Dietary intake, nutrient supplementation, and serum lipids were investigated in 13 German male amateur body-builders during a non-competitive period. Dietary information was collected with weighted food records during 14 consecutive days. Daily energy intake was 17.1 +/- 3 MJ including 22 +/- 5% protein, 26 +/- 6% fat, and 49 +/- 4% carbohydrates. "Breads and cereals" and "milk and dairy products" revealed to be the most important food groups. Protein supplements contributed 13% of total protein intake. With food alone the average supply of the vitamins A, D, E and B1 was < 3/4 of the recommended amounts (DGE). Due to the high consumption of supplement preparations, total daily intake of most of the selected minerals and vitamins--particularly of vitamins of the B-group--increased far above recommended dietary intake. Mean fasting serum triglyceride, phospholipid and total cholesterol concentrations were in a normal range, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced. The serum cholesterol ester fatty acids analysis confirmed a rather low intake of essential fatty acids (linoleic acid) found by dietary assessment. In conclusion, with a few corrections in food selection patterns of the body-builders, a well balanced diet would be achieved and the use of nutrient supplementation products would become totally superfluous.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Cholesterol Esters; Diet; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids; Feeding Behavior; Germany; Humans; Lipids; Male; Phospholipids; Reference Values; Triglycerides; Weight Lifting
PubMed: 8128750
DOI: 10.1007/BF01611167 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Nov 1992Platelet function and phospholipid composition, plasma lipids and dietary intakes were assessed in 20 vegan subjects and 20 age- and sex-matched omnivore controls. The...
Platelet function and phospholipid composition, plasma lipids and dietary intakes were assessed in 20 vegan subjects and 20 age- and sex-matched omnivore controls. The intakes of saturated fat were lower in the vegans and those of linoleic and linolenic acids were greater. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were absent from the diets of the vegans. Plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were lower in the male vegan subjects and those of carotene were greater compared with their controls. The platelet phospholipids of the vegans contained higher proportions of linoleic (18:2n-6) and adrenic (22:4n-6) acids and lower proportions of arachidonic (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. Template bleeding times, platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, compound U44619 and collagen were similar in both groups.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Blood Platelets; Collagen; Diet; Diet, Vegetarian; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Male; Phospholipids; Platelet Aggregation
PubMed: 1425536
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Nutrition Mar 2022Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene encodes for delta-5 desaturase enzyme which is needed in conversion of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (AA). Recent studies...
INTRODUCTION
Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene encodes for delta-5 desaturase enzyme which is needed in conversion of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (AA). Recent studies have shown that response to dietary PUFAs differs between the genotypes in circulating fatty acids. However, interactions between the FADS1 genotype and dietary LA on overall metabolism have not been studied.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine the interactions of FADS1 rs174550 genotypes (TT and CC) and high-LA diet to identify plasma metabolites that respond differentially to dietary LA according to the FADS1 genotype.
METHODS
A total of 59 men (TT n = 26, CC n = 33) consumed a sunflower oil supplemented diet for 4 weeks. Daily dose of 30, 40, or 50 ml was calculated based on body mass index. It resulted in 17-28 g of LA on top of the usual daily intake. Fasting plasma samples at the beginning and at the end of the intervention were analyzed with LC-MS/MS non-targeted metabolomics method.
RESULTS
At the baseline, the carriers of FADS1 rs174550-TT genotype had higher abundance of long-chain PUFA phospholipids compared to the FADS1 rs174550-CC one. In response to the high-LA diet, LA phospholipids and long-chain acylcarnitines increased and lysophospholipids decreased in fasting plasma similarly in both genotypes. LysoPE (20:4), LysoPC (20:4), and PC (16:0_20:4) decreased and cortisol increased in the carriers of rs174550-CC genotype; however, these genotype-diet interactions were not significant after correction for multiple testing.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show that both FADS1 rs174550 genotype and high-LA diet modify plasma phospholipid composition.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered to ClinicalTrials: NCT02543216, September 7, 2015 (retrospectively registered).
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Diet; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Genotype; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Male; Phospholipids; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34718859
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02722-w -
Nutrients Sep 2019Total plasma fatty acids or those in cholesteryl ester and phospholipids are often used to reflect fatty acid intake in epidemiological studies, but their relative...
Total plasma fatty acids or those in cholesteryl ester and phospholipids are often used to reflect fatty acid intake in epidemiological studies, but their relative performance as biomarkers of intake has not been clearly evaluated within a single population. The assessment of fatty acids in plasma fractions is more labor intensive. Thus, their use as biomarkers of dietary intake needs to be justified. Dietary intake was assessed in 200 population-based controls from a case-control study of diet and heart disease in Costa Rica by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fatty acids in fasting whole plasma and plasma fractions (cholesteryl ester, phospholipid, and triglyceride + free fatty acid) were measured in the 200 controls by the same laboratory using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). We compared the plasma and plasma fractions data with the FFQ and adipose fatty acid profile using partial Spearman correlations to assess utility as biomarkers of intake and exposure. We found that whole plasma was equally or more strongly correlated with the FFQ and adipose fatty acid profile than either cholesteryl ester or phospholipid in most of the established markers of dietary intake, including dairy (15:0 and 17:0) and seafood (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Of the three plasma fractions, only fatty acids in the plasma triglyceride + free fatty acid fraction had stronger correlations with dietary intake than whole plasma. In our study population, fatty acids measured in fasting whole plasma perform as good as or better than those measured in plasma fractions as biomarkers for dietary fatty acid intake. Thus, the fractionation of plasma to evaluate long-term fatty acid intake may not be warranted.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cholesterol Esters; Diet; Fatty Acids; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Triglycerides
PubMed: 31484459
DOI: 10.3390/nu11092081 -
Public Health Nutrition Feb 2017Sufficient maternal dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids (FA) supports offspring development. We aimed to construct simple criteria for dietary counselling to improve...
OBJECTIVE
Sufficient maternal dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids (FA) supports offspring development. We aimed to construct simple criteria for dietary counselling to improve intake of n-3 FA.
DESIGN
Serum phospholipid FA from mothers and infants were analysed by GC one month after delivery. Dietary intake of foods during pregnancy and one month after delivery were recorded using 3 d food diaries and an index for healthy eating was calculated. Fish consumption was established by questionnaires. Dietary consumption of foods resulting in an increase in serum n-3 FA was defined.
SETTING
A mother-child follow-up study in Southwest Finland.
SUBJECTS
Mothers (n 90) and 1-month-old infants (n 63).
RESULTS
After delivery, the mother's consumption of fish at least three times per week resulted in an increase in total serum n-3 FA (mean difference (95 % CI): 1·7 (0·7, 2·8) % of total FA, P<0·001) and DHA (1·1 (0·5, 1·8) % of total FA, P<0·001) compared with non-consumers. Persistent fish intake once weekly throughout pregnancy increased total serum n-3 FA (P=0·001) and DHA (P<0·001). Overall, a healthy diet (middle and highest tertiles of healthy eating index score v. the lowest tertile) resulted in higher total serum n-3 FA (P=0·004) and DHA (P=0·008). Mother's diet along with higher serum levels of n-3 FA were related to serum FA levels in 1-month-old infants.
CONCLUSIONS
An overall healthy diet and persistent consumption of fish at least once weekly throughout pregnancy or more frequent fish intake three times per week increases n-3 FA in serum phospholipids of both mothers and their infants.
Topics: Diet; Diet Records; Diet, Healthy; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eating; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Finland; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Mothers; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Seafood; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 27692015
DOI: 10.1017/S136898001600238X -
Revista Clinica Espanola Aug 1973
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Sex Factors
PubMed: 4751031
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Chemistry Mar 2023Plasma fatty acids (FAs) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Diet and endogenous metabolism influence the FA profile of the plasma phospholipid...
Effects of Supplemented Mediterranean Diets on Plasma-Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease after 1 Year of Intervention in the PREDIMED Trial.
BACKGROUND
Plasma fatty acids (FAs) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Diet and endogenous metabolism influence the FA profile of the plasma phospholipid (PL) fraction. In the PREDIMED trial, we examined 1-year changes in the FA profile of plasma PL according to a nutritional intervention with Mediterranean diets, either supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) or mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), in a high cardiovascular risk population. We also analyzed if 1-year changes in PL FAs were associated with subsequent cardiovascular risk.
METHODS
We included 779 participants in our case-cohort study: 185 incident cases and 594 participants in the subcohort (including 31 overlapping cases). The end point was the incidence of CVD. We measured the FAs of plasma PL at baseline and after 1 year of intervention.
RESULTS
MedDiet + EVOO increased C17:0 and C20:3n9 in linear regression models [β coefficientperSD : 0.215 (95% CI, 0.032-0.399) and 0.271 (0.107-0.434), respectively] and decreased 16:1n7 and C22:4n6 [βperSD: -0.239 (95% CI, -0.416 to -0.061) and -0.287 (95% CI, -0.460 to -0.113), respectively] vs the control group. MedDiet + nuts increased C18:3n3 [βperSD: 0.382 (95% CI, 0.225 - 0.539)], C18:2n6 [βper SD: 0.250 (95% CI, 0.073 - 0.428)], C18:0 [βperSD: 0.268 (95% CI, 0.085-0.452)], and C22:0 [βper SD: 0.216 (95% CI, 0.031-0.402)]; and decreased the sum of six n6 FAs [βper SD: -0.147 (95% CI, -0.268 to -0.027)] vs the control group. The 1-year increase in C18:2n6 was inversely associated with the subsequent CVD risk (HRperSD: 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44-0.92)).
CONCLUSIONS
MedDiet interventions changed n6 FAs and C16:1n7c; other changes were specific for each group: MedDiet + EVOO increased C17:0 and C20:3n9, and MedDiet + Nuts C18:3n3, C18:2n6, C18:0, and C22:0 FAs.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fatty Acids; Cohort Studies; Diet, Mediterranean; Risk Factors; Phospholipids
PubMed: 36683466
DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac221 -
BioEssays : News and Reviews in... Sep 2023Recently published work showed that members of the PAQR protein family are activated by cell membrane rigidity and contribute to our ability to eat a wide variety of...
PAQR proteins and the evolution of a superpower: Eating all kinds of fats: Animals rely on evolutionarily conserved membrane homeostasis proteins to compensate for dietary variation.
Recently published work showed that members of the PAQR protein family are activated by cell membrane rigidity and contribute to our ability to eat a wide variety of diets. Cell membranes are primarily composed of phospholipids containing dietarily obtained fatty acids, which poses a challenge to membrane properties because diets can vary greatly in their fatty acid composition and could impart opposite properties to the cellular membranes. In particular, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) can pack tightly and form rigid membranes (like butter at room temperature) while unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) form more fluid membranes (like vegetable oils). Proteins of the PAQR protein family, characterized by the presence of seven transmembrane domains and a cytosolic N-terminus, contribute to membrane homeostasis in bacteria, yeasts, and animals. These proteins respond to membrane rigidity by stimulating fatty acid desaturation and incorporation of UFAs into phospholipids and explain the ability of animals to thrive on diets with widely varied fat composition. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/6ckcvaDdbQg.
Topics: Animals; Membrane Proteins; Phospholipids; Fatty Acids; Homeostasis; Diet; Dietary Fats
PubMed: 37345585
DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300079 -
Journal of Atherosclerosis and... Jan 2019The Japan Diet nutritional education program effects on serum fatty acid compositions for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men brought...
AIM
The Japan Diet nutritional education program effects on serum fatty acid compositions for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men brought up in the westernized dietary environment of modern Japan were examined.
METHODS
Thirty-three men, 30-49 years of age, attended a nutrition education class and were recommended to consume Japan Diet volumes (more fish, soybeans and soy products, vegetables, seaweed, konjak, mushrooms, and unrefined cereals and less animal fat, meat and poultry with fat, sweets, desserts and snacks, and alcoholic drinks) for 6 weeks. Three-day weighted dietary records were kept, and fatty acid intakes were calculated. Serum phospholipid fatty acid compositions were examined.
RESULTS
During the 6 weeks, fish, soy, and seaweed and/or mushrooms and/or konjak were consumed 1.0, 1.1, and 1.0 times daily on average, whereas daily fatty meat and poultry and sweet consumptions were 0.3 and 0.3, respectively. These changes were attributed to increased intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as C20:5(n-3), C22:6(n-3), C18:4(n-3), and C20:4(n-3) and decreased intakes of all saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids such as C18:1 and C18:2(n-6). As to the phospholipid fatty acid composition, C18:0 decreased, whereas C15:0, C17:0, and C20:0 increased. Marked increases in C20:5(n-3) and C22:6(n-3) raised total n-3 PUFA from 10.30% to 13.20% along with n-6 PUFA decreasing from 33.92% to 31.16%. Despite decreases in C20:4(n-6) and C20:3(n-6), the C20:4(n-6)/C20:3(n-6) ratio used as an estimate of delta-5 desaturase activities increased and correlated positively with fish intake at completion of the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
The Japan Diet is effective for changing the fatty acids to an anti-atherosclerotic profile.The clinical trial registration number: UMIN000020639.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Diet; Diet Records; Fatty Acids; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Pilot Projects; Prognosis
PubMed: 29643271
DOI: 10.5551/jat.43448