-
Journal of Food Science Aug 2016Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. In this...
Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. Thirty female rats were fed casein and soy protein isolate with cellulose, raffinose (RAF), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Microbiota composition was examined by real-time qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. populations were greater with soy protein than with casein. Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. populations, and FOS increased the butyric acid concentration regardless of the dietary protein. Likewise, Bifidobacterium sp., Collinsella sp., and Lactobacillus sp. were detected in microbiota of the rats fed RAF, and Bacteroides sp., Roseburia sp., and Blautia sp. were seen in microbiota of the rats fed FOS. Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bifidobacterium; Butyric Acid; Caseins; Cecum; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Feces; Female; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics; Raffinose; Rats; Soybean Proteins
PubMed: 27434756
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13391 -
Diabetes May 2013
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Dietary Proteins; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 23613553
DOI: 10.2337/db12-1829 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Few studies have examined dietary protein intake and sources, in combination with longitudinal changes in brain structure markers. Our study aimed to examine the...
Few studies have examined dietary protein intake and sources, in combination with longitudinal changes in brain structure markers. Our study aimed to examine the association between dietary protein intake and different sources of dietary protein, with the longitudinal rate of change in brain structural markers. A total of 2723 and 2679 participants from the UK Biobank were separately included in the analysis. The relative and absolute amounts of dietary protein intake were calculated using a 24 h dietary recall questionnaire. The longitudinal change rates of brain structural biomarkers were computed using two waves of brain imaging data. The average interval between the assessments was three years. We utilized multiple linear regression to examine the association between dietary protein and different sources and the longitudinal changes in brain structural biomarkers. Restrictive cubic splines were used to explore nonlinear relationships, and stratified and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Increasing the proportion of animal protein in dietary protein intake was associated with a slower reduction in the total hippocampus volume (THV, : 0.02524, < 0.05), left hippocampus volume (LHV, : 0.02435, < 0.01) and right hippocampus volume (RHV, : 0.02544, < 0.05). A higher intake of animal protein relative to plant protein was linked to a lower atrophy rate in the THV (: 0.01249, < 0.05) and LHV (: 0.01173, < 0.05) and RHV (: 0.01193, < 0.05). Individuals with a higher intake of seafood exhibited a higher longitudinal rate of change in the HV compared to those that did not consume seafood (THV, : 0.004514; < 0.05; RHV, : 0.005527, < 0.05). In the subgroup and sensitivity analyses, there were no significant alterations. A moderate increase in an individual's intake and the proportion of animal protein in their diet, especially from seafood, is associated with a lower atrophy rate in the hippocampus volume.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Longitudinal Studies; Dietary Proteins; Aged; Brain; Hippocampus; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Atrophy; Animal Proteins, Dietary; Diet; Adult; United Kingdom; Plant Proteins, Dietary
PubMed: 38732531
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091284 -
Meat Science Nov 2015Preservation of skeletal muscle mass is of great importance for maintaining both metabolic health and functional capacity. Muscle mass maintenance is regulated by the... (Review)
Review
Preservation of skeletal muscle mass is of great importance for maintaining both metabolic health and functional capacity. Muscle mass maintenance is regulated by the balance between muscle protein breakdown and synthesis rates. Both muscle protein breakdown and synthesis rates have been shown to be highly responsive to physical activity and food intake. Food intake, and protein ingestion in particular, directly stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates. The postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to feeding is regulated on a number of levels, including dietary protein digestion and amino acid absorption, splanchnic amino acid retention, postprandial insulin release, skeletal muscle tissue perfusion, amino acid uptake by muscle, and intramyocellular signaling. The postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to feeding is blunted in many conditions characterized by skeletal muscle loss, such as aging and muscle disuse. Therefore, it is important to define food characteristics that modulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis. Previous work has shown that the muscle protein synthetic response to feeding can be modulated by changing the amount of protein ingested, the source of dietary protein, as well as the timing of protein consumption. Most of this work has studied the postprandial response to the ingestion of isolated protein sources. Only few studies have investigated the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of protein dense foods, such as dairy and meat. The current review will focus on the capacity of proteins and protein dense food products to stimulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis and identifies food characteristics that may modulate the anabolic properties.
Topics: Animals; Dairy Products; Dietary Proteins; Eating; Energy Intake; Humans; Meat; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Postprandial Period; Protein Biosynthesis
PubMed: 26021783
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.009 -
Animal Biotechnology Aug 2022This research aimed to investigate the effect of varying dietary crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) quantity on growth, carcass characteristics,...
This research aimed to investigate the effect of varying dietary crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) quantity on growth, carcass characteristics, biochemical blood parameters and molecular aspects of growing geese. Overall, a total of 180 Egyptian goslings were used in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Two levels of CP (18% and 16%) and three levels of ME (3000, 2900 and 2800 kcal/kg diet) were employed. Growth traits showed no significant differences as a result of different CP or ME levels. Birds fed the higher CP level consumed more feed than the lower. Carcass, dressing, heart, spleen, abdominal fat and thigh percentages within the group fed 18% CP were higher than the other group. Compared with the other ME-based diet, geese fed a low-ME based diet had the highest heart percentage. Feeding growing geese on a 2900 Kcal/kg ME-based diet increased the serum content of total protein and globulin. Geese fed the high-ME diet showed the highest levels of ALP and C4 as compared with other ME levels. Regarding Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), different protein and energy levels did not affect the molecular weight of blood proteins of Egyptian geese during the growing phase. It could be concluded the levels of 16% CP and 2800 kcal/kg ME are enough to maintain the growth performance and the other physiological indices as well as molecular aspects.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Energy Metabolism; Geese
PubMed: 32921256
DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1814791 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2007
Topics: Animals; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Proteins; Energy Intake; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Neoplasms; Physical Endurance; Rats; Risk Factors
PubMed: 17556709
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1667 -
Aging Cell Apr 2022Dietary macronutrient composition influences both hepatic function and aging. Previous work suggested that longevity and hepatic gene expression levels were highly...
Dietary macronutrient composition influences both hepatic function and aging. Previous work suggested that longevity and hepatic gene expression levels were highly responsive to dietary protein, but almost unaffected by other macronutrients. In contrast, we found expression of 4005, 4232, and 4292 genes in the livers of mice were significantly associated with changes in dietary protein (5%-30%), fat (20%-60%), and carbohydrate (10%-75%), respectively. More genes in aging-related pathways (notably mTOR, IGF-1, and NF-kappaB) had significant correlations with dietary fat intake than protein and carbohydrate intake, and the pattern of gene expression changes in relation to dietary fat intake was in the opposite direction to the effect of graded levels of caloric restriction consistent with dietary fat having a negative impact on aging. We found 732, 808, and 995 serum metabolites were significantly correlated with dietary protein (5%-30%), fat (8.3%-80%), and carbohydrate (10%-80%) contents, respectively. Metabolomics pathway analysis revealed sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling was the significantly affected pathway by dietary fat content which has also been identified as significant changed metabolic pathway in the previous caloric restriction study. Our results suggest dietary fat has major impact on aging-related gene and metabolic pathways compared with other macronutrients.
Topics: Animals; Carbohydrates; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Energy Intake; Liver; Metabolome; Mice; Nutrients; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35266264
DOI: 10.1111/acel.13585 -
International Journal For Vitamin and... Mar 2011The previously separate dietary protein recommendations for strength and endurance athletes are no longer supported, and the daily intake for adult athletes suggested by... (Review)
Review
The previously separate dietary protein recommendations for strength and endurance athletes are no longer supported, and the daily intake for adult athletes suggested by most of the entities is about 1.5 g · kg(-1) body mass with a range of perhaps 1.0 to 2.0 g · kg(-1) body mass. This recommendation is a broad landmark that needs to be adapted to the individual circumstances of the athlete. Research of the past decade indicates a beneficial effect with respect to a positive net muscular protein balance if athletes ingest some protein before an exercise bout. The amount of protein to be ingested to elicit the highest benefit is about 10 to 20 g · h(-1), but due to the insufficient amount of available data, it is not possible yet to rank different protein types or sources according to their anabolic potential. A simple way to translate the nutrient-based recommendations is the Swiss Food Pyramid for Athletes, which ensures a sufficient intake of energy, and all macro- and micronutrients in relation to the volume and intensity of the daily exercise.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Athletes; Body Composition; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Health Promotion; Humans; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Requirements; Sports; Switzerland
PubMed: 22139562
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000060 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Sep 1983
Topics: Breast Feeding; Colitis; Dietary Proteins; Humans; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 6886928
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80446-6 -
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Jan 2019Understanding how exercise and dietary protein alter the turnover and synthesis of body proteins in youth can provide guidelines for the optimal development of lean... (Review)
Review
Understanding how exercise and dietary protein alter the turnover and synthesis of body proteins in youth can provide guidelines for the optimal development of lean mass. This review hypothesizes that active youth obtain similar anabolic benefits from exercise and dietary protein as adults, but the requirement for amino acids to support growth renders them more sensitive to these nutrients.
Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acids; Child; Dietary Proteins; Exercise; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Nutritional Requirements
PubMed: 30334848
DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000170