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Expert Review of Gastroenterology &... Apr 2019Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, primarily of, but not restricted to the gut. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequently... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, primarily of, but not restricted to the gut. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequently observed and involve the joints, eyes, hepatobiliary tract, and skin. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss classical EIM focusing on epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis, highlighting recent advances in the understanding of EIM. We further discuss treatment-induced immunological phenomena, which are increasingly recognized and might challenge IBD-treating physicians in the era of biological treatment. Expert opinion: EIM considerably contributes to morbidity and mortality. Genetic studies have revealed a common genetic background between EIM and IBD and among specific EIM. Identified protein interactions have been shown to cluster in shared biological pathways. However - despite these recent advances - pathogenesis of EIM is at best partially understood. Several pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed such as upregulation of tumor necrosis factor, aberrant lymphocyte homing, and cross-reactive antigen presentation. It still remains unclear whether EIM is a direct result of the inflammatory process in the gut or rather a consequence of a shared genetic background leading to dysfunctional immune responses to environmental stimuli. Exploration and understanding of EIM geneticsĀ and pathophysiology will pave the road for better and more efficacious treatment options in the future.
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Eye Diseases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Joint Diseases; Phenotype; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 30791773
DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1574569 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Mar 2021Acute and chronic gastrointestinal problems are common in the setting of excessive alcohol use, and excessive alcohol use is associated with injury to all parts of the... (Review)
Review
Acute and chronic gastrointestinal problems are common in the setting of excessive alcohol use, and excessive alcohol use is associated with injury to all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. There is mounting evidence of gastrointestinal injury and increased cancer risk even from moderate alcohol consumption. The major causes of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality within the gastrointestinal system are liver disease, pancreatitis and gastrointestinal cancer. Other alcohol-related intestinal dysfunction is common but not life-threatening, leading to diarrhoea, malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies. This review describes non-neoplastic and neoplastic alcohol-related disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, omitting the liver, which has been reviewed elsewhere.
Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Digestive System Diseases; Ethanol; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 32511812
DOI: 10.1111/add.15147 -
Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2014
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Internationality
PubMed: 25531346
DOI: 10.1159/000367977 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Dec 2020Endoscopic ultrasound provides high-resolution, real-time imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding extramural structures. In recent years, endoscopic... (Review)
Review
Endoscopic ultrasound provides high-resolution, real-time imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding extramural structures. In recent years, endoscopic ultrasound has played an increasing role as an adjunct or alternative method to conventional surgical therapies. The role of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal malignancy, pancreatic diseases, and biliary diseases continues to evolve. Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound procedures for a variety of pancreatic and biliary indications shows a high technical and clinical success rate, with low rate of adverse events. Endoscopic ultrasound plays a key role in multidisciplinary management of complex surgical and oncology patients and those with pancreaticobiliary disorders.
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Endosonography; Humans
PubMed: 33128884
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2020.07.003 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Nov 2017Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disorder associated and often coexisting with many other immune-related clinical conditions including those affecting... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disorder associated and often coexisting with many other immune-related clinical conditions including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Data obtained from the reviewed literature suggest an association between psoriasis and pathologies of the oral cavity, both psoriasis-specific lesions, as well as non-specific, such as geographic tongue or fissured tongue. These findings show the importance of thorough examination of oral mucosa in psoriatic patients. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are also linked with psoriasis. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis share a common genetic background, inflammatory pathways and have an evident iatrogenic anti-TNF treatment link, necessitating dermatological or gastroenterological care in patients with IBD or psoriasis, respectively, as well as treatment adjusted to manifestations. The presence of celiac disease-specific antibodies in psoriatic patients and their correlation with the severity of the disease show the association between these disorders. The linking pathogenesis comprises vitamin D deficiency, immune pathway, genetic background and increase in the intestinal permeability, which suggests a potential benefit from gluten-free diet among psoriatic patients. The link between psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease implies screening patients for components of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle changes necessity. Some studies indicate increased prevalence of cancer in patients with psoriasis, probably due to negative influence of skin lesion impact on lifestyle rather than the role of psoriasis in carcinogenesis. However, there are no sufficient data to exclude such an oncogenic hit, which is yet to be confirmed. Therefore, all psoriasis-associated comorbidities establish the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of these patients.
Topics: Celiac Disease; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Neoplasms; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Psoriasis
PubMed: 28905102
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1775-7 -
Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North... Feb 2018
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Liver Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 29149930
DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2017.10.002 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Nov 2011
Review
Topics: Digestive System; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Scleroderma, Systemic
PubMed: 20601200
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.06.002 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Mar 2019Cross-sectional spinal imaging is common, and extraspinal findings are often incidentally identified during interpretation. Although some of these findings may cause... (Review)
Review
Cross-sectional spinal imaging is common, and extraspinal findings are often incidentally identified during interpretation. Although some of these findings may cause symptoms that mimic a spinal disorder, the majority are entirely asymptomatic and incidental. It is essential that the radiologist not only identify those abnormalities that may have clinical significance but also recognize those that are clinically irrelevant and thereby prevent patients from being subjected to further unnecessary, expensive and potentially harmful interventions. This article focuses on those abnormalities that are commonly encountered and provides practical guidance for follow-up and management based on current recommendations.
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Incidental Findings; Lymphadenopathy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Spinal Canal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urologic Diseases; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 30709480
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2018.09.009 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jan 2020
Topics: Biomedical Research; Digestive System Diseases; Gastroenterology; Humans; Publishing
PubMed: 31706059
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.007 -
Research in Veterinary Science Dec 2012In this review, an overview is provided on the current achievements regarding the interplay between rumen digestive disorders and diet-induced inflammation in dairy... (Review)
Review
In this review, an overview is provided on the current achievements regarding the interplay between rumen digestive disorders and diet-induced inflammation in dairy cattle. It starts with a review of factors favoring the disturbances in the rumen metabolism, which culminate with development of sub-acute rumen acidosis (SARA). The latter digestive disorder is often linked to greater metabolic stress of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and lowered fiber digestion, as well as with disruption of the barrier functions of the GI epithelia, which open the route of deleterious molecules to translocate from the GI lumen into the portal system. A model is suggested to illustrate the mechanisms of the involvement of digestive disorders in the disruption of the host's inner homeostasis leading to activation of acute phase response (APR). The latter is part of multifaceted innate immune and metabolic responses of the host. According to this model, endotoxin, its toxicity, and other metabolic compounds of microbial origin are regarded as important immunogenic components of GI tract, which when favored by disruption of host barriers triggers a systemic APR. Although the activation of an APR is viewed as a protective reaction aiming to reestablish the disturbed homeostasis, the presence of inflammatory state over long periods might be associated with negative consequences for the host. The review concludes that prolonged systemic inflammation can: (1) cause significant changes in the energy and lipid metabolism in different body tissues, (2) lead to the development of refractory states associated with immune suppression and increased susceptibility to various diseases, and (3) artificially increase host's requirements in energy and nutrients, lowering the efficiency of energy and feed use by the animal. The paper emphasizes the critical role that formulation of healthy diets plays for curbing down inflammation and enhancing metabolic health of dairy cows.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diet; Inflammation; Rumen; Stomach Diseases
PubMed: 22370295
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.02.004