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Archives of Disease in Childhood Jun 1996
Review
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Myocarditis; Prognosis
PubMed: 8758121
DOI: 10.1136/adc.74.6.479 -
Immunobiology Nov 2021Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition involving dilation of cardiac chambers, which results in contraction impairment. Besides invasive and non-invasive diagnostic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition involving dilation of cardiac chambers, which results in contraction impairment. Besides invasive and non-invasive diagnostic procedures, cardiac biomarkers are of great importance in both diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. These biomarkers are categorized into three groups based on their site; cardiomyocyte biomarkers, microenvironmental biomarkers and macroenvironmental biomarkers.
AIMS
In this review, an overview of characteristics, epidemiology, etiology and clinical manifestations of DCM is provided. In addition, the most important biomarkers, of all three categories, and their diagnostic and prognostic values are discussed.
CONCLUSION
Considering the association of DCM with conditions such as infections and autoimmunity, which are prevalent among the population, introducing efficient diagnostic tools is of high value for the early detection of DCM to prevent its severe complications. The three discussed classes of biomarkers are potential candidates for the detection of DCM. However, further studies are necessary in this regard.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cellular Microenvironment; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Myocytes, Cardiac; Prognosis
PubMed: 34784575
DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152153 -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2022Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of heart muscle disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Metabolomics is an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of heart muscle disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Metabolomics is an emerging and powerful discipline that provides a global information on the phenotype of mammalian systems via the study of endogenous and exogenous metabolites in cells, tissues, and biofluids. These studies aid in the identification of biomarkers to prevent diseases in later life or help to early detect onset of diseases as well as aiding in the elucidation of disease mechanisms.
SUMMARY
Metabolomics provides a unique opportunity to discover novel biomarkers for DCM. This review demonstrates evidence of metabolite-based biomarkers useful for predicting, diagnosing, and monitoring therapeutic interventions of DCM. Key metabolites identified as potential biomarkers for diagnosing DCM include acylcarnitines, succinic acid, malate, methylhistidine, aspartate, methionine, and phenylalanine. In terms of differentiating DCM from ischemic cardiomyopathy, potential biomarkers including 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate, norvaline, lysophosphatidylinositol (16:0/0:0), phosphatidylglycerol, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid, and phosphatidylcholine were identified. Acylcarnitines, isoleucine and linoleic acid, and tryptophan were the main biomarkers to monitor treatment response to DCM. Mapping metabolites to metabolic pathways revealed dysregulation of branch-chain amino acid, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and triacylglycerol and pentose phosphate metabolism, which have the therapeutic potential for DCM. This review shows several limitations including the use of small sample sizes, lack of interpretation of age and sex differences in most studies, and the fact that studies have so far been limited to case-control study designs.
KEY MESSAGES
Metabolites have close proximity to disease phenotype. With recent advances in metabolomics field, potential biomarkers for DCM have been identified based on studies using different biological and metabolomics technologies. However, multicenter studies with larger populations that will lead to validation of these identified biomarkers to enable their clinical translation and utilization are still needed.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Male; Mammals; Metabolomics
PubMed: 35472668
DOI: 10.1159/000524722 -
Journal of the American College of... Jun 2022
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Humans; Phenotype
PubMed: 35654494
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.008 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jul 2006Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterized by ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic function. Patients with DCM suffer from heart... (Review)
Review
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterized by ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic function. Patients with DCM suffer from heart failure, arrhythmia, and are at risk of premature death. DCM has a prevalence of one case out of 2500 individuals with an incidence of 7/100,000/year (but may be under diagnosed). In many cases the disease is inherited and is termed familial DCM (FDC). FDC may account for 20-48% of DCM. FDC is principally caused by genetic mutations in FDC genes that encode for cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins in the cardiac myocyte. Family history analysis is an important tool for identifying families affected by FDC. Standard criteria for evaluating FDC families have been published and the use of such criteria is increasing. Clinical genetic testing has been developed for some FDC genes and will be increasingly utilized for evaluating FDC families. Through the use of family screening by pedigree analysis and/or genetic testing, it is possible to identify patients at earlier, or even presymptomatic stages of their disease. This presents an opportunity to invoke lifestyle changes and to provide pharmacological therapy earlier in the course of disease. Genetic counseling is used to identify additional asymptomatic family members who are at risk of developing symptoms, allowing for regular screening of these individuals. The management of FDC focuses on limiting the progression of heart failure and controlling arrhythmia, and is based on currently accepted treatment guidelines for DCM. It includes general measures (salt and fluid restriction, treatment of hypertension, limitation of alcohol intake, control of body weight, moderate exercise) and pharmacotherapy. Cardiac resynchronization, implantable cardioverter defibrillators and left ventricular assist devices have progressively expanding usage. Patients with severe heart failure, severe reduction of the functional capacity and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction have a low survival rate and may require heart transplant.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Female; Genetic Counseling; Global Health; Humans; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prevalence; Prognosis
PubMed: 16839424
DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-27 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Dec 1994
Review
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Humans; Myocardium
PubMed: 7969328
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199412083312307 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 1990
Review
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Humans
PubMed: 2186831
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.300.6729.890 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2022Inflammation is increasingly recognised as a causal factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. With the introduction of immune checkpoint... (Review)
Review
Inflammation is increasingly recognised as a causal factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. With the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the role of the immune system in myocardial inflammation (myocarditis) and subsequent inflammatory cardiomyopathy has once again regained attention. In this review, we want to bring myocardial inflammation to the clinician's attention and provide up-to-date knowledge on its diagnostic workup, prognostication, and current management recommendations.
Topics: COVID-19; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Humans; Inflammation; Myocarditis; Pandemics
PubMed: 35703074
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Cardiology Jan 1995Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality. Many factors can contribute to the development of this disorder, although most... (Review)
Review
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality. Many factors can contribute to the development of this disorder, although most commonly the etiology is unexplained. However, recent studies in individuals with idiopathic DCM now reveal a heritable cause in 20-30% of individuals. Diverse modes of inheritance have been demonstrated, encompassing an autosomal dominant type (by far the most common), together with recessive and X-linked forms, and maternal inheritance through mitochondrial DNA. The hereditary forms of DCM (HDCM) predominantly affect the left ventricle, although inherited abnormalities affecting primarily the right ventricle also are described. HDCM may occur as a primary cardiomyopathy, or secondary to inherited systemic metabolic or neuromuscular disorders. The causative genes for primary HDCM of the autosomal dominant and recessive types have not yet been discovered, but the combination of family pedigree analysis and phenotyping by echocardiography, together with new genetic techniques, should now allow their identification. Knowledge of the gene or genes responsible for HDCM would improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate genetic counseling, advance understanding of pathogenesis, and provide the starting point for new methods of treatment. Because of the frequently heritable nature of DCM, it is of great importance that a diligent search for all potentially affected family members be undertaken.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Humans; Mutation; Prevalence
PubMed: 7704989
DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960180105 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine... Mar 2017Cardiomyopathies represent a wide and heterogeneous group of diseases wherein a genetic cause has been consistently identified.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is... (Review)
Review
Cardiomyopathies represent a wide and heterogeneous group of diseases wherein a genetic cause has been consistently identified.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular dilation and progressive systolic dysfunction, and it is the most common form of cardiomyopathy.Causative genetic mutations have been identified in more than 40 genes encoding proteins belonging to different cellular structures and pathways.A great diversity of pathways has been implied in the pathogenesis of DCM, depending on the affected genes and on the dislodged intracellular structures or mechanisms.This review describes the major genes and focus on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of DCM, with a special consideration of the most recent discoveries in the field.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Genetic Testing; Humans; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 27661610
DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000432