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IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1999
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Dimethylhydrazines; Humans; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Neoplasms, Experimental; Salmonella typhimurium
PubMed: 10476423
DOI: No ID Found -
Report on Carcinogens : Carcinogen... 2002
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Dimethylhydrazines; Environmental Exposure; Government Regulation; Humans; United States
PubMed: 15323050
DOI: No ID Found -
Report on Carcinogens : Carcinogen... 2004
Topics: Animals; Biofuels; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Dimethylhydrazines; Environmental Exposure; Female; Government Regulation; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Male; Mice; Models, Biological; Plant Growth Regulators; Rats; United States
PubMed: 21105246
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jun 2022Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) has been widely used as aerospace fuel in many countries. The launch of space vehicles can cause the... (Review)
Review
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) has been widely used as aerospace fuel in many countries. The launch of space vehicles can cause the release and leakage of UDMH into the environment, posing serious threats to ecology system and human population. Even worse, the health risks are also pertinent to its numerous classes of transformation products including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), because most of them display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Recently, there has been an intense ongoing development of simple, fast, green, and effective techniques for determining and removing these hazardous substances. This review summarizes the latest research progress regarding the sources, fates, pretreatment, analysis, and removal techniques of UDMH and related products in the environment. Sample preparation methods mainly include pressurized liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction techniques, solid-phase extraction, headspace-solid-phase microextraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Detection and identification methods mainly include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and sensors. Removal methods mainly include advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, biodegradation techniques. The advantages/disadvantages, applications, and trends of the proposed approaches are thoroughly discussed to provide a valuable reference for further studies.
Topics: Dimethylhydrazines; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Solid Phase Microextraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35344890
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128708 -
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Jan 2022Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, heptyl) and its derivatives are used in the rocket and space industry as components of rocket fuel. UDMH is a highly toxic...
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, heptyl) and its derivatives are used in the rocket and space industry as components of rocket fuel. UDMH is a highly toxic compound exhibiting irritant, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic properties. In this study, the toxic effect of heptyl on isolated rat heart and lymphatic vessels was demonstrated. Acute exposure to UDMH leads to vasoconstriction of the coronary vessels of the isolated heart and pronounced stimulation of isolated lymphangions starting from the concentration of 10 M. The changes are dose-dependent. After exposure to UDMH in high concentrations (10 M), the changes in the functional parameters became irreversible. The obtained results provide evidence for the organ-specific effect of UDMH on visceral muscle organs.
Topics: Animals; Dimethylhydrazines; Lymphatic Vessels; Rats
PubMed: 35001299
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05380-y -
The Journal of Surgical Research Nov 1987Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the western hemisphere. During the past several decades information regarding epidemiology,... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the western hemisphere. During the past several decades information regarding epidemiology, etiology and associated factors regarding colo-rectal cancer in humans has been collected through study of experimental colonic tumors in animal models. Much of this work has been influenced by the use of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine as the inducing carcinogen in susceptible populations of animals, although other specific carcinogens have been used. Through application of this experimental model, knowledge of dietary, immunologic, and bacterial factors has been realized in the etiology of colo-rectal cancer. This review details methodology and results of developing experimental models as they pertain to human colo-rectal cancer.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animals; Carcinogens; Colonic Neoplasms; Dimethylhydrazines; Rats; Rectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 3316845
DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(87)90107-7 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2022Carcinogenic N, N-Dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) has been reported to generate significantly during ozonation of fuel additive unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), the...
Carcinogenic N, N-Dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) has been reported to generate significantly during ozonation of fuel additive unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), the combined ozone/Peroxy-Monosulfate (O/PMS) technology was tried for reducing its formation in this study. The influence of PMS dosages, ozone concentrations, pH, Br and humic acid (HA) on NDMA formation from UDMH were investigated. In addition, the reduction mechanisms were explored by intermediates identification and Gaussian calculation. The results demonstrated that O/PMS technology was effective on NDMA reduction, reaching an efficiency of 81% with 80 μM PMS. Higher NDMA reduction rates were achieved by O/PMS with increasing pH within the scope of research (from 5 to 9), achieving a maximum of 69.9% at pH 9. The presence of bromide ion facilitated NDMA generation during ozonation, but the reduction efficiency by O/PMS slightly improved from 66.3% to 70.6%. The presence of HA reduced NDMA formation in O/PMS system. The contribution of SO on NDMA reduction accounted for ~64%, which was higher than that of •OH (41.4%); however, its promotion role on conversing UDMH to NDMA was lower than O. Therefore, the technology could reduce NDMA formation effectively. In addition, the results of Gaussian calculation manifested that the N atom in -NH group of UDMH was easily attacked not only by •OH but also by O, so it is the key path that determines final NDMA formation. This study would provide reference for reducing NDMA formation during ozonation of UDMH-containing water matrixes.
Topics: Dimethylhydrazines; Dimethylnitrosamine; Oxidation-Reduction; Ozone; Technology; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 34818816
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150418 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2022With their wide application in chemical industry, human health and environmental toxic effects of hydrazines arise extensive concerns. Although hydrazine exposure is...
With their wide application in chemical industry, human health and environmental toxic effects of hydrazines arise extensive concerns. Although hydrazine exposure is known to lead to inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in plants, there are few reports about the mechanism of oxidation or transformation ways of hydrazines in plant tissue. In this research, garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) were used as model plant objects to study 1,1-dimethylhydrazine exposure in vitro using the GC-MS system. The seed germination and plant growth experiments were carried out in Petri dishes using an aqueous media. Among the detected 1,1-dimethylhydrazine transformation products in plant tissues, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole had the highest intensity and reproducibility. In our research, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole formed at all contaminant concentrations in an extremely short period. This preliminary study determined 1,1-dimethylhydrazine environment contamination by detecting 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in combination with other transformation products.
Topics: Dimethylhydrazines; Humans; Lepidium sativum; Reproducibility of Results; Triazoles
PubMed: 35896873
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22157-y -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023"Heptil" (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine-UDMH) is extensively employed worldwide as a propellant for rocket engines. However, UDMH constantly loses its properties as a... (Review)
Review
The Recycling of Substandard Rocket Fuel N,N-Dimethylhydrazine via the Involvement of Its Hydrazones Derived from Glyoxal, Acrolein, Metacrolein, Crotonaldehyde, and Formaldehyde in Organic Synthesis.
"Heptil" (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine-UDMH) is extensively employed worldwide as a propellant for rocket engines. However, UDMH constantly loses its properties as a result of its continuous and uncontrolled absorption of moisture, which cannot be rectified. This situation threatens its long-term usability. UDMH is an exceedingly toxic compound (Hazard Class 1), which complicates its transportation and disposal. Incineration is currently the only method used for its disposal, but this process generates oxidation by-products that are even more toxic than the original UDMH. A more benign approach involves its immediate reaction with a formalin solution to form 1,1-dimethyl-2-methylene hydrazone (MDH), which is significantly less toxic by an order of magnitude. MDH can then be polymerized under acidic conditions, and the resulting product can be burned, yielding substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides. This review seeks to shift the focus of MDH from incineration towards its application in the synthesis of relatively non-toxic and readily available analogs of various pharmaceutical substances. We aim to bring the attention of the international chemical community to the distinctive properties of MDH, as well as other hydrazones (such as glyoxal, acrolein, crotonal, and meta-crolyl), wherein each structural fragment can initiate unique transformations that have potential applications in molecular design, pharmaceutical research, and medicinal chemistry.
Topics: Acrolein; Glyoxal; Dimethylhydrazines; Formaldehyde; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
PubMed: 38139025
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417196 -
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Nov 2016The vanadium(V) dimethylhydrazido compounds were structurally characterized to elucidate the effect of the alkoxide ligands in the coordination environment of...
The vanadium(V) dimethylhydrazido compounds were structurally characterized to elucidate the effect of the alkoxide ligands in the coordination environment of vanadium(V) hydrazido center. The single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the vanadium(V) dimethylhydrazido compound with isopropoxide ligands revealed a dimeric structure with the V(1)-N(1) distance of 1.680(5)Å, in which each vanadium atom is coordinated in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry (τ=0.81) with the hydrazido and bridging isopropoxide ligands in the apical positions. On the contrary, nearly tetrahedral arrangement around the vanadium metal center (τ=0.06) with the V(1)-N(1) distance of 1.660(2)Å was observed in the vanadium(V) dimethylhydrazido compound with tert-butoxide ligands. The introduction of the 2,2',2″-nitrilotriethoxide ligand led to a pseudo-trigonal-bipyramidal geometry (τ=0.92) at the vanadium center with the V(1)-N(1) distance of 1.691(5)Å, wherein vanadium atom is pulled out of the plane formed by the nitrilotriethoxide oxygen atoms in the direction of the hydrazido nitrogen. The coordination from the apical ligand in the vanadium(V) dimethylhydrazido compound was found to result in the longer V(1)-N(1) distance.
Topics: Coordination Complexes; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dimethylhydrazines; Molecular Structure; Vanadium
PubMed: 27622828
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.08.017