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Zentralblatt Fur Gynakologie 1995The results of the cervical priming with a Dinoprost-containing gel and a Gemeprost-containing vaginal suppository were compared in 68 patients, who required termination... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The results of the cervical priming with a Dinoprost-containing gel and a Gemeprost-containing vaginal suppository were compared in 68 patients, who required termination of pregnancy beyond 14 weeks because of a severe maternal disease or a fetal abnormality. The priming consisted of either an intracervical application of Dinoprost (500 micrograms) in a tylose-gel in 6-8 hour intervals or a retrocervical application of Gemeprost (1 mg) as a vaginal suppository in 12 hour intervals. Although no significant parameter variances were found in the selected patient groups, abortion was induced in 75% of cases within 24 hours, in 89% within 36 hours using Gemeprost. Mean induction time for Gemeprost was 19.5 hours. Using Dinoprost only 19% of patients had an abortion within 24 hours (44% within 36 hours, respectively), mean induction time was significantly longer (38.8 hours, p < 0.005). These differences remained unchanged, when patients who had a prior caesarean section were not evaluated. Using Gemeprost the additional systemic administration of Sulprost was necessary in 21% of cases, using Dinoprost, in 50% of cases. Severe complications did not occur and minor side effects such as nausea or vomiting were observed in single cases. These results demonstrate that Gemeprost can be used in cervical priming even after 14 weeks of pregnancy and that the longer application interval of 12 hours results in a reduction of side effects without a decrease in efficacy.
Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Eugenic; Abortion, Induced; Alprostadil; Cervix Uteri; Dinoprostone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fetal Death; Gels; Humans; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Suppositories
PubMed: 7793169
DOI: No ID Found -
PharmacoEconomics Nov 1997For many years the standard treatment of induction of labour has been amniotomy followed by intravenous oxytocin. More recently prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; dinoprostone), in... (Review)
Review
For many years the standard treatment of induction of labour has been amniotomy followed by intravenous oxytocin. More recently prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; dinoprostone), in various preparations, has been used to both ripen the cervix before amniotomy and administration of oxytocin, and to induce labour on its own. Since the acquisition cost of PGE2 is approximately 15 times that of oxytocin, it is important to justify the use of PGE2. In this paper, literature from 1970 to 1996 has been reviewed and outcomes following the use of PGE2, plus amniotomy and oxytocin if necessary, have been compared with outcomes following the use of amniotomy plus oxytocin alone. No significant differences in the mode of delivery and no serious adverse effects in mothers or babies were detected. Three economic analyses of these approaches to induction of labour have been reviewed. While under certain conditions there may be some cost savings associated with the use of PGE2, neither of the studies reviewed showed substantial, reliable cost savings. Further research is required to identify the patients who would gain most benefit from the use of PGE2.
Topics: Dinoprostone; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Labor, Induced; Pregnancy
PubMed: 10174321
DOI: 10.2165/00019053-199712050-00005 -
Minerva Ginecologica Apr 2008The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the two different pharmaceutical preparations of dinoprostone: ''Prepidil vs Propess'', in patients... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the two different pharmaceutical preparations of dinoprostone: ''Prepidil vs Propess'', in patients with medical and/or obstetrical indications to pharmaceutical induction of labour.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was carried out on 144 patients (82 with Propess vs 62 with Prepidil).
INDICATIONS
post-term pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), gestational diabetes, gestational-chronic hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR),others (fetal macrosomia, oligohydramnios).
RESULTS
The groups were homogenous regarding: age, parity, weeks of amenorrhea, Bishop score and indication to induction. Both pharmaceutical preparations of dinoprostone (Prepidil vs Propess) are effective and safe; there are some differences not statistically significant (P>0.01) regarding the percentage of spontaneous deliveries: 61.5% vs 63%, interval from induction to delivery 24.53 vs 20.45 h, number of inductions 1.35 vs 1.15 and neonatal outcome (Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min). A case of serious hyperstimulation with hysterectomy post-delivery after induction with Prepidi was observed.
CONCLUSION
A greater use of Propess, especially in patients with PROM, is suggested; Propess has determined a higher percentage of spontaneous deliveries, a shorter interval from induction to delivery and less risks for the mother. It is in fact possible to remove the device easily and safely in case of complication.
Topics: Adult; Dinoprostone; Female; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Humans; Labor, Induced; Oxytocics; Pregnancy
PubMed: 18487963
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Drug Discovery &... Jul 2007In recent years antiglaucoma drugs have been brought to market that were discovered as a result of structure-activity relationship studies of the known ocular... (Review)
Review
In recent years antiglaucoma drugs have been brought to market that were discovered as a result of structure-activity relationship studies of the known ocular hypotensive prostaglandin F2alpha. One such ocular hypotensive agent is bimatoprost, the C1-ethylamide analog of 17-phenyl prostaglandin F2alpha. The in vitro pharmacology of bimatoprost, however, is strikingly different from prostanoid FP-receptor agonists. Another agent, the endocannabinoid anandamide has been demonstrated to be effectively converted by cyclooxygenase COX-2 into prostamide, a new class of fatty acid amide, in which the C1-terminus is an ethanolamide. Prostamides possess their own unique biological activity and have longer half-lives in plasma than prostaglandins, indicating that they may exert actions systemically either as prostaglandin precursors or as unique signal mediators. The independent discoveries of bimatoprost and prostamides from anandamide have potentially opened up a new and intriguing area of research. The purposes of this article are to review the biosynthetic evolution of prostamides, the discovery of bimatoprost and its unique pharmacology along with that of prostamide F2alpha and, finally, data on recently discovered agonists and antagonists.
Topics: Animals; Dinoprostone; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 17659482
DOI: No ID Found -
Progress in Lipid Research Jan 2004Prostanoids represent a group of lipid mediators that are produced from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Once formed, the prostanoids are released from... (Review)
Review
Prostanoids represent a group of lipid mediators that are produced from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Once formed, the prostanoids are released from the cells and act on their cognate receptors on cell surfaces to exert their biological actions. Of these, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is the most common prostanoid, being produced by a wide variety of cells and tissues and has a broad range of bioactivity. Recent advance in this field has led to identification and characterization of a number of enzymes that play roles in the biosynthesis of PGE(2), namely phospholipase A(2), cyclooxygenase and terminal PGE synthase. Each of these three reactions can be rate-limiting and involves multiple enzymes/isozymes that can act in different phases of cell activation and exhibit distinct functional coupling. In this review, we will overview a recent understanding of the molecular biology, regulatory mechanisms, and physiological functions of these enzymes.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprostone; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; Isoenzymes; Mice; Models, Biological; Phospholipases A; Prostaglandin-E Synthases; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
PubMed: 14636669
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(03)00037-7 -
Drug Metabolism Reviews
Review
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Dinoprostone; Humans; Skin; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 2701170
DOI: 10.3109/03602538909030304 -
Developmental and Comparative Immunology May 2022Prostaglandins (PGs) can mediate the immune response of insects to infection. Mammalian cyclooxygenase (COXs) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PGs, and Pxt may be its...
Prostaglandins (PGs) can mediate the immune response of insects to infection. Mammalian cyclooxygenase (COXs) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PGs, and Pxt may be its homologous gene in some sequenced insect genomes. As a representative of Lepidoptera, the silkworm also contains PGs, but the biosynthetic source of PGs is still unclear. In this study, Sequence analysis showed that peroxinectin (BmPxtA) gene of silkworm was closely related to human COX gene, and its homologous protein had conserved domains corresponding to human COX. The expression of BmPxtA gene was the highest in the hemocytes and was induced by Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) challenge in the detected tissues. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that silencing BmPxtA mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited the expression of immune-related pathway genes, and specifically suppressed hemocyte-spreading and nodule formation in silkworm; Hemocyte-spreading and nodule formation were also inhibited by aspirin, a COX inhibitor. Treatment by PGE but not arachidonic acid (AA) rescued the immunosuppression; PGs concentrations was also inhibited by aspirin. PGE, but not AA, treatment rescued the PGs concentrations. These results suggest that BmPxtA gene is associated with PG biosynthesis in silkworm and the immune response of silkworm was affected by regulating the concentrations of PGs.
Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Bombyx; Dinoprostone; Humans; Immunity; Insect Proteins; Mammals; Nucleopolyhedroviruses
PubMed: 35081420
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104358 -
Gastroenterology Aug 1993Prostaglandin (PG) is reported to be involved in hepatic regeneration. However, little is known about the detailed relation in PG-induced stimulation of the...
BACKGROUND
Prostaglandin (PG) is reported to be involved in hepatic regeneration. However, little is known about the detailed relation in PG-induced stimulation of the proliferation. The present study was attempted to elucidate the relation.
METHODS
The serial change of PGE2 level released from the regenerating rat liver and the effect of PGE2 on the proliferation of rat hepatocytes were studied, with special reference to PGE2 binding and cyclic AMP (cAMP).
RESULTS
The PGE2 level increased 3 hours and 10 hours after partial hepatectomy. Timings of these increases seemed to coincide with those of the first and second increase of cAMP in the liver before the initiation of DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis of hepatocytes in primary culture between 24 and 36 hours, 36 and 48 hours, and 48 and 60 hours of culture were significantly enhanced by addition of PGE2 between 4 and 24 hours of culture at concentrations of 2 nmol/L to 1 mumol/L, 2 nmol/L to 200 nmol/L, and 5 mumol/L to 10 mumol/L, and 2 nmol/L and 10 mumol/L, respectively. Enhancement of DNA synthesis with PGE2 at concentrations less than 1 mumol/L seemed to be associated with the high-affinity binding and that at high concentrations with the low-affinity binding. Intracellular cAMP level in the hepatocytes increased during culture, and its increase was enhanced by PGE2 addition.
CONCLUSIONS
It is suggested that PGE2 production in the liver increases biphasically during hepatic regeneration and that PGE2 enhances the proliferation of hepatocytes by a specific receptor-mediated process, which is largely associated with cAMP-dependent process.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Dinoprostone; Hepatectomy; Intracellular Membranes; Liver; Liver Regeneration; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors
PubMed: 8392956
DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(93)90725-r -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... 1991Termination of pregnancy because of fetal abnormalities is a physically and emotionally painful event. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) intravaginal suppositories are an...
Termination of pregnancy because of fetal abnormalities is a physically and emotionally painful event. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) intravaginal suppositories are an effective method for inducing labor. Patient care and pain management require both knowledge and sensitivity on the part of the nurse.
Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Bereavement; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Laminaria; Patient Care Planning; Patient Discharge; Postoperative Care; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second
PubMed: 1941290
DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1991.tb01691.x -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Apr 2022Alzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders caused by neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in brain. Bacoside A and B isolated from the Bacopa monniera...
Alzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders caused by neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in brain. Bacoside A and B isolated from the Bacopa monniera plant are responsible for cognitive effects. These compounds repair damaged neurons by promoting activity of kinases, synaptic activity restoration, and improvement of nerve transmission. The present study explored the effect of bacoside-A3 on β-amyloid-induced reduction of U87MG cell viability, generation of oxidative radicals, and activation of nuclear factor-κB. The U87MG cells were stimulated with β-amyloid (10 μM) after 24 h of bacoside-A3 pretreatment or without pretreatment to induce characteristics of Alzheimer disease in vitro. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to count viable cells and ELISA kit for analysis of PGE2 secretion. The pretreatment with bacoside-A3 prevented β-amyloid-mediated suppression of U87MG cell proliferation. Pretreatment of U87MG cells with bacoside-A3 prior to β-amyloid stimulation suppressed generation of ROS in a concentration-based manner. The β-amyloid-mediated formation of iNOS in U87MG cells was suppressed by bacoside-A3 in a dose-based manner. The β-amyloid-mediated PGE2 secretion was suppressed by bacoside-A3 pretreatment in U87MG cells in the dose-based manner. The overexpression of COX-2 by β-amyloid stimulation was suppressed in bacoside-A pretreated cells in the dose-based manner. The bacoside-A3 pretreatment prevented nuclear translocation of NF-κB in U87MG cells in the dose-based manner. In summary, bacoside-A3 prevented β-amyloid-mediated suppression of U87MG cell viability, inhibited generation of oxidative radicals, PGE2, and synthesis of iNOS. Therefore, bacoside-A3 has therapeutic potential for Alzheimer disease and further in vivo studies need to be performed.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Apoptosis; Dinoprostone; Down-Regulation; Humans; NF-kappa B; Neurons; Saponins; Triterpenes
PubMed: 33687113
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2147