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Acta Tropica Mar 1987The course of infection with Dipetalonema viteae in mice shows marked genetically-determined strain variation. Subcutaneous implantation of 5 female D. viteae into...
The course of infection with Dipetalonema viteae in mice shows marked genetically-determined strain variation. Subcutaneous implantation of 5 female D. viteae into C57BL/10 (B10) mice results in a short term, low level microfilaraemia compared with that seen in similar infections in BALB/c mice. Adult worm survival is similar, thus the different patterns of infections reflect responses directed against the microfilariae larvae (mf). A number of immunological parameters have been monitored during infection in an attempt to identify strain differences which may be correlated with levels of resistance. Blast cell activity in the spleen and lymph nodes showed little strain difference, peaking on day 10 and declining as mf disappeared from the circulation. Total serum IgG levels doubled in both strains during infection, the response being more rapid in B10 mice. Serum IgM levels increased threefold in BALB/c mice but fourteen-fold in B10. Radiosorbent assays identified comparable anti-adult antibody and anti-mf homogenate IgM antibody responses in both strains. Immunofluorescent assay showed that the appearance of IgM antibodies directed against the mf surface correlated with the clearance of mf from the blood of B10 mice, whereas similar antibodies were not detected in BALB/c mice. It is proposed that the efficient clearance of mf in B10 is mediated through an IgM-dependent mechanism and that the chronic microfilariaemia seen in BALB/c mice is facilitated by the absence of a specific IgM response to mf surface antigens.
Topics: Animals; Dipetalonema Infections; Female; Filariasis; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Lymph Nodes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Spleen
PubMed: 2884838
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Internal Medicine Dec 1964
Topics: Acanthocheilonema; Adolescent; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Animals; Blood; California; Diagnosis; Diethylcarbamazine; Dipetalonema; Drug Therapy; Epidemiology; Filariasis; Humans; Loa; Onchocerciasis
PubMed: 14233827
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-61-6-1065 -
The American Journal of Tropical... May 1980A 21-mm filarial worm appeared suddenly in the anterior chamber of the right eye of a 32-year-old man in western Oregon. By a simultaneous irrigation-aspiration...
A 21-mm filarial worm appeared suddenly in the anterior chamber of the right eye of a 32-year-old man in western Oregon. By a simultaneous irrigation-aspiration procedure, it was removed alive and only slightly damaged and was identified as a female Dipetalonema in the fourth stage of development. It was the third such case to be reported from western Oregon. In this and one other case the worms were morphologically similar to adult worms identified as Dipetalonema arbuta Highby 1943 from the body cavity of the porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) and a similar species, Dipetalonema sprenti Anderson 1953, from the body cavity of the beaver (Castor canadensis).
Topics: Adult; Anterior Chamber; Dipetalonema; Dipetalonema Infections; Filariasis; Humans; Male; Oregon
PubMed: 7189968
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.369 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jun 1989Nine new zoonotic Brugia infections, 8 acquired in the United States and 1 in Brazil, are described. In each, a single worm was found in histological sections of lymph... (Review)
Review
Nine new zoonotic Brugia infections, 8 acquired in the United States and 1 in Brazil, are described. In each, a single worm was found in histological sections of lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues. In those from North America, 5 of the 8 worms were females, all were infertile, and only 3 were alive at the time the tissues were excised; all of the patients were male. A dead female worm was collected from a Brazilian male patient. In addition, 3 cases of filarial infections in the U.S., previously identified as Dirofilaria-, Dipetalonema-, or Brugia-like, are reviewed and reclassified as Brugia species on the basis of microscopic morphological features. Morphological features of male and female zoonotic Brugia species as they appear in the host tissues are described. The possible reservoirs of human infections are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Brugia; Connecticut; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Filariasis; Humans; Male; Massachusetts; Middle Aged; New York; North Carolina; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 2662786
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1989.40.638 -
Tropenmedizin Und Parasitologie Jun 1976Two groups of hamsters were hyperinfected with Dipetalonema viteae. Each of the 15 hamsters in the first group received a total of 900 larvae given in three equal doses... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Two groups of hamsters were hyperinfected with Dipetalonema viteae. Each of the 15 hamsters in the first group received a total of 900 larvae given in three equal doses on days 0, 150 and 250 from the start of the experiment (tertiary-infection group). Each of the 20 hamsters in the second group received a total of 900 larvae given in 18 equal doses (50 larvae per dose) at 14 day intervals. Thus the final dose was given on day 238 from the start of the experiment (trickle-infection group). About half of the hamsters in each group were killed 100 days after the last sensitizing infection and their adult worm burdens and subcutaneous nodules were counted. The tertiary-infection group had a higher average number of adult worms per hamster, but fewer subcutaneous nodules than the trickle infection group. However, when the number of adult worms and subcutaneous nodules were added together, the sums from both groups were similar. The remaining hamsters of the above two groups, along with a group of nine previously uninfected hamsters, were given a challenge infection of 500 larvae per animal. Necropsy data taken 70-80 days after the challenge infection indicated inhibition and/or destruction of developing larval stages in the trickle + challenge-infection group, but no such acquired resistance phenomenon in the tertiary + challenge-infection or challenge-infection groups. While the mechanism remains unknown, it is clear that prior exposure to repeated small infections over an extended period stimulated a protective response to D. viteae in hamsters. This response was not seen in animals given three large infections over a similar time period.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Dipetalonema; Dipetalonema Infections; Filariasis; Male; Microfilariae
PubMed: 945918
DOI: No ID Found -
Laboratory Animal Science Jun 1996
Review
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Anorexia; Cebidae; Dipetalonema; Dipetalonema Infections; Female; Liver; Monkey Diseases
PubMed: 8799943
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Tropical Medicine and... Apr 1989A survey of dogs in four areas of Salamanca province (northwest Spain) was carried out to determine the prevalence of filariids in the canine population. Blood samples...
A survey of dogs in four areas of Salamanca province (northwest Spain) was carried out to determine the prevalence of filariids in the canine population. Blood samples from 293 dogs were tested for the presence of microfilariae, using a modification of the Knott technique. For correct identification of filariid species, blood smears associated with the 43 positive Knott tests were histochemically stained for demonstration of the somatic distribution of acid phosphatase activity. The survey revealed the presence in the northwest of Spain of Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Dipetalonema reconditum, with an overall prevalence in Salamanca of 12.3%, 0.3% and 2.1% respectively. The greater prevalence of canine heartworm was found in the irrigated area, where 33.3% of the dogs harboured microfilariae. The relationship between the prevalence of D. immitis and mosquito populations, and the influence of host sex and age in this infection, are analysed.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dirofilaria; Dirofilariasis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Filariasis; Male; Spain
PubMed: 2604454
DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1989.11812322 -
Tropenmedizin Und Parasitologie Sep 1979Mastomys natalensis that has been described by Lämmler et al. (1968) as suitable host for Litomosoides carinii can also serve as final host for Dipetalonema witei. At...
Mastomys natalensis that has been described by Lämmler et al. (1968) as suitable host for Litomosoides carinii can also serve as final host for Dipetalonema witei. At the end of the prepatency period the microfilaraemia increased as rapidly in Mastomys as in the original final host Meriones persicus. Maximal microfilaraemia was observed earlier in Mastomys (120 days p.inf.) than in Meriones (250 days p.inf.). Accordingly microfilariae counts decreased more rapidly in Mastomys. The maximal counts found in Mastomys was 78000 microfilariae/ml blood, which is 3.2 times less than in M. persicus. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that a simultaneous experimental infection of Mastomys with D. witei and L. carinii in possible. The course of microfilaraemia and the number of macrofilariae were comparable in mono- and simultaneous infections for both species of filariae. The macrofilariae of D. witei began to die earlier than those of L. carinii both in mono- and in simultaneous infections. The percentage of dead macrofilariae was 3.8% 110 days p.inf., and 13.1% 130 days p.inf. respectively. Therefore, chemotherapeutic experiments should be terminated and evaluated about 110 days p.inf.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Dipetalonema; Dipetalonema Infections; Filariasis; Filarioidea; Male; Microfilariae; Rodentia; Species Specificity
PubMed: 575582
DOI: No ID Found -
Folia Parasitologica 1988Stage-specific haemagglutinating (HA) and precipitin antibodies (PA) to infective larvae (L3), adult worms and microfilariae (mf) have been demonstrated in sera of...
Stage-specific haemagglutinating (HA) and precipitin antibodies (PA) to infective larvae (L3), adult worms and microfilariae (mf) have been demonstrated in sera of Mastomys natalensis during the course of Dipetalonema viteae infection using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and Ouchterlony's gel-diffusion tests. L3-specific HA antibody titre was shown to be quite low and lasted for shorter period whereas adult-specific antibody response was significantly higher and persisted for longer duration (beyond day 240 post exposure). No precipitin antibody to L3 stage could be detected, however, significant adult-specific antibody was detected which ultimately tapered off by day 210 post exposure (p.e.). In contrast, mf-specific PA which appeared at the beginning of patency, never disappeared even at the late stage of infection. Mf-specific HA antibody appeared at early incubation period (day 15 p.e.) and after exhibiting two peaks, one in the midst of prepatent period (day 30 p.e.) and the other on day 180 p.e. persisted at low level during the late stage of infection when amicrofilaraemia developed.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Dipetalonema; Dipetalonema Infections; Female; Filariasis; Hemagglutination Tests; Immunodiffusion; Larva; Male; Microfilariae; Muridae
PubMed: 3143649
DOI: No ID Found -
Tropenmedizin Und Parasitologie Sep 1983Activities of certain acid hydrolases (viz. acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and cathepsine) of post mitochondrial...
Activities of certain acid hydrolases (viz. acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and cathepsine) of post mitochondrial fraction of liver and spleen were studied during the course of Dipetalonema viteae infection in Mastomys natalensis. The values are significantly higher from prepatent to patent phase of infection as compared with normal animals. However, a decrease in the activity of hepatic acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was noticed in latent phase of infection while a several fold increase in the activity of these enzymes was observed in splenic tissue when there were no detectable microfilariae (mf) in peripheral circulation. The results suggest that lysosomal acid hydrolases which constitute an important component of resistance may be activated by mf products through the sensitized cells of RE system.
Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Dipetalonema Infections; Filariasis; Hydrolases; Liver; Lysosomes; Mice; Muridae; Spleen; beta-Galactosidase; beta-Glucosidase
PubMed: 6415875
DOI: No ID Found