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Experimental Cell Research Dec 1961
Topics: Diploidy; Tissue Culture Techniques
PubMed: 13905658
DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6 -
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology... 2020
Topics: Diploidy; Gene Expression Profiling; Hepatocytes; Humans; Ploidies; Polyploidy; Stem Cells; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31654613
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.09.008 -
Experimental Cell Research Jun 2008In mammals, a diploid genome of an individual following fertilization of an egg and a spermatozoon is unique and irreproducible. This implies that the generated unique... (Review)
Review
In mammals, a diploid genome of an individual following fertilization of an egg and a spermatozoon is unique and irreproducible. This implies that the generated unique diploid genome is doomed with the individual ending. Even as cultured cells from the individual, they cannot normally proliferate in perpetuity because of the "Hayflick limit". However, Dolly, the sheep cloned from an adult mammary gland cell, changes this scenario. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) enables us to produce offspring without germ cells, that is, to "passage" a unique diploid genome. Animal cloning has also proven to be a powerful research tool for reprogramming in many mammals, notably mouse and cow. The mechanism underlying reprogramming, however, remains largely unknown and, animal cloning has been inefficient as a result. More momentously, in addition to abortion and fetal mortality, some cloned animals display possible premature aging phenotypes including early death and short telomere lengths. Under these inauspicious conditions, is it really possible for SCNT to preserve a diploid genome? Delightfully, in mouse and recently in primate, using SCNT we can produce nuclear transfer ES cells (ntES) more efficiently, which can preserve the eternal lifespan for the "passage" of a unique diploid genome. Further, new somatic cloning technique using histone-deacetylase inhibitors has been developed which can significantly increase the previous cloning rates two to six times. Here, we introduce SCNT and its value as a preservation tool for a diploid genome while reviewing aging of cloned animals on cellular and individual levels.
Topics: Animals; Cellular Senescence; Cloning, Organism; Diploidy; Genome; Nuclear Transfer Techniques; Telomere
PubMed: 18346729
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.027 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal May 1979
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cricetinae; Diploidy; Dogs; Ducks; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Humans; Immunization, Secondary; Kidney; Prospective Studies; Rabies; Rabies Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 445294
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Systems Jun 2022Physiological liver cell replacement is central to maintaining the organ's high metabolic activity, although its characteristics are difficult to study in humans. Using...
Physiological liver cell replacement is central to maintaining the organ's high metabolic activity, although its characteristics are difficult to study in humans. Using retrospective radiocarbon (C) birth dating of cells, we report that human hepatocytes show continuous and lifelong turnover, allowing the liver to remain a young organ (average age <3 years). Hepatocyte renewal is highly dependent on the ploidy level. Diploid hepatocytes show more than 7-fold higher annual birth rates than polyploid hepatocytes. These observations support the view that physiological liver cell renewal in humans is mainly dependent on diploid hepatocytes, whereas polyploid cells are compromised in their ability to divide. Moreover, cellular transitions between diploid and polyploid hepatocytes are limited under homeostatic conditions. With these findings, we present an integrated model of homeostatic liver cell generation in humans that provides fundamental insights into liver cell turnover dynamics.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Diploidy; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver; Polyploidy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35649419
DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.05.001 -
Zygote (Cambridge, England) Jun 2023Oocyte-mediated somatic cell haploidization is a process in which a diploid cell halves its chromosomal content by segregating its homologue within the ooplasm....
Oocyte-mediated somatic cell haploidization is a process in which a diploid cell halves its chromosomal content by segregating its homologue within the ooplasm. Replacing the donor oocyte nucleus with a patient's female diploid somatic nucleus can generate patient-genotyped oocytes. Insemination of these resulting constructs enables their activation and induces a reductive meiotic division, haploidizing the diploid female donor cell that can subsequently support syngamy with the male genome and create a zygote. So far, experimental data for this method have been limited and have not consistently proven the generation of chromosomally normal embryos. Overall, we achieved reconstruction of murine oocytes with a micromanipulation survival rate of 56.5%, and a correct haploidization and fertilization rate of 31.2%, resulting in a 12.7% blastocyst rate. Time-lapse analysis revealed that reconstructed embryos underwent a timely polar body extrusion and pronuclear appearance followed by a satisfactory embryonic cleavage, comparable with the control. Whole genome sequencing of the analyzed embryos indicated that 27.3% (6/22) were properly diploid. Our findings suggest that diploid cell haploidization may be a feasible technique for creating functional gametes in mammals.
Topics: Male; Female; Mice; Animals; Diploidy; Oocytes; Cell Nucleus; Polar Bodies; Blastocyst; Mammals
PubMed: 36992663
DOI: 10.1017/S0967199423000096 -
Experimental Cell Research Mar 1965
Topics: Aging; Cell Division; Chromosome Aberrations; Diploidy; Fetus; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lung; Tissue Culture Techniques
PubMed: 14315085
DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(65)90211-9 -
Vaccine Aug 2022Shorter rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens may offer improved convenience and feasibility over classic 3-week regimens, for example in regions with poor... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
One-week intramuscular or intradermal pre-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell vaccine or Vero cell rabies vaccine, followed by simulated post-exposure prophylaxis at one year: A phase III, open-label, randomized, controlled trial to assess immunogenicity and safety.
Shorter rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens may offer improved convenience and feasibility over classic 3-week regimens, for example in regions with poor access to vaccines or for travelers to rabies-endemic regions. In this multicenter, open-label, controlled trial, 570 healthy participants aged 2-64 years were randomized to receive: 1-week PrEP (vaccination days [D]0 and 7; Group 1) or classic 3-week PrEP regimen (D0, D7, and D21; Group 2) with one 1.0 mL intramuscular [IM] dose of human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (HDCV) at each visit; 1-week PrEP with two 0.1 mL intradermal (ID) HDCV doses at each visit (Group 3); or 1-week PrEP with one 0.5 mL IM dose (Group 4) or two 0.1 mL ID doses (Group 5) of Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) at each visit. Participants received simulated post-exposure prophylactic (PEP) vaccination (two IM or ID doses of HDCV or PVRV three days apart) one year later. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers and seroconversion (titers ≥ 0.5 IU/mL) rates were assessed 14 days and up to 1 year post-PrEP, and pre- and post-PEP. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Seroconversion rates were high 14 days post-last PrEP injection (ranging from 96.7 % to 97.2 % across groups 1, 3-5; 1-week PrEP) and reached 100 % in Group 2 (3-week PrEP). Non-inferiority of Group 1 versus Group 2 in terms of seroconversion rates 14 days post-last PrEP injection (primary objective) was not demonstrated. After simulated PEP, all groups showed rapid and robust immune responses, with all but one participant achieving seroconversion (titers ≥ 0.5 IU/mL). There were no safety concerns, and the tolerability profiles of the vaccines were similar across the groups. A 1-week, IM or ID PrEP regimen with HDCV or PVRV provided efficacious priming, enabling rapid robust anamnestic responses to simulated PEP 1 year later across age groups. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03700242. WHO Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1183-5743.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Chlorocebus aethiops; Diploidy; Humans; Injections, Intradermal; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Rabies; Rabies Vaccines; Rabies virus; Vaccination; Vero Cells
PubMed: 35933278
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.037 -
Mutation Research 1991The electrophoretic mobility of 13 human diploid cell strains, TIG-1, TIG-2, TIG-3, TIG-7, WI-38, IMR-90, MRC-5, MRC-9, TIG-1H, TIG-1L, TIG-2M, TIG-2B, and TIG-3S, which...
The electrophoretic mobility of 13 human diploid cell strains, TIG-1, TIG-2, TIG-3, TIG-7, WI-38, IMR-90, MRC-5, MRC-9, TIG-1H, TIG-1L, TIG-2M, TIG-2B, and TIG-3S, which were established from different tissues of human embryos, was studied at different passages. The net negative surface charge of the cells was characteristic for each cell strain and decreased significantly during the in vitro aging of the cells. The decrease in the net negative charge of the cells correlated well with the decrease in cell density throughout the life span of the cells. A strict linear correlation between the electrophoretic mobility and the number of cells harvested at each passage was obtained for all the human diploid cell strains. Moreover, almost the same linear regression coefficient of the cells was obtained among these cell strains. Therefore, the net negative surface charge of human diploid cell strains could serve as a cell surface marker for in vitro cellular aging.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Cellular Senescence; Diploidy; Electrophoresis; Fibroblasts; Humans; Membrane Potentials; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 1722008
DOI: 10.1016/0921-8734(91)90009-z -
Archives of Virology Aug 2023Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), camelpox virus (CPV), and orf virus (ORFV) are members of the family Poxviridae. These viruses are usually isolated or produced in...
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), camelpox virus (CPV), and orf virus (ORFV) are members of the family Poxviridae. These viruses are usually isolated or produced in embryonated eggs or primary cells because continuous cell lines are less sensitive to infection. Disadvantages of the use of eggs or primary cells include limited availability, potential endogenous contaminants, and a limited ability to perform multiple passages. In this study, we developed a diploid cell culture from sheep embryonic hearts (EHs) and demonstrated its high proliferative and long-term storage capacities. In addition, we demonstrated its sensitivity to representatives of three genera of the family Poxviridae: Capripoxvirus (LSDV), Orthopoxvirus (CPV), and Parapoxvirus (ORFV). The cell culture had a doubling time of 24 h and reached 40 passages with satisfactory yield. This is comparable to that observed in primary lamb testis (LT) cells at passage 5 (P5). After infection, each poxvirus titer was 7.0-7.6 log TCID/mL for up to five passages and approximately 6.8, 6.4, and 5.6 for the three viruses at P6-P25, P30, and P40, respectively. The sensitivity of sheep EH cells to poxvirus infection did not decrease after long-term storage in liquid nitrogen and was higher than that of primary LT cells, which are used for capripoxvirus and parapoxvirus detection and growth, and Vero cells, which are used for orthopoxvirus detection and growth. Thus, EH diploid cells are useful for poxvirus isolation and production without embryonated eggs or primary cells.
Topics: Chlorocebus aethiops; Cattle; Male; Animals; Sheep; Diploidy; Vero Cells; Poxviridae; Cell Line; Capripoxvirus; Lumpy skin disease virus; Orf virus
PubMed: 37594542
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05855-x