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Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills,... Feb 2022
Topics: Disclosure; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 35014561
DOI: 10.1177/13524585211069668 -
Orthopedics Dec 2010
Topics: Disclosure; Editorial Policies; Periodicals as Topic; Publishing
PubMed: 21117561
DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20101021-01 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Dec 2022To date, research on social reactions to dating and sexual violence (DSV) disclosure has largely neglected the perspective of disclosure recipients. Moreover, few...
To date, research on social reactions to dating and sexual violence (DSV) disclosure has largely neglected the perspective of disclosure recipients. Moreover, few studies have explored disclosure recipients' perceptions of the victim and perceptions of their own effectiveness in helping as well as the correlates of these perceptions. The purpose of this study was to address these gaps in the literature. Participants were 783 college students (73.0% female) who reported receiving a DSV disclosure in the past 6 months. Participants who provided more negative social reactions to victim disclosures were less likely to empathize with the victim and more likely to feel victim blame/burdensomeness and confusion/ineffectiveness in their responses. Conversely, those providing more positive social reactions were more likely to empathize with the victim and were less likely to report victim blame/burdensomeness and confusion/ineffectiveness. Further, recipients with a DSV victimization history were more likely to report empathy for the victim. Being a man and having higher post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with greater victim blame/burdensomeness, while the victim approaching the recipient to disclose and DSV experiences that occurred long ago were associated with lower victim blame/burdensomeness. Finally, depressive symptoms, receiving disclosures from a stranger/casual friend, and less frequent discussion about the incident were significantly associated with increased confusion/ineffectiveness. These findings suggest that perceptions of the victim and helping effectiveness, and factors associated with them, may be promising targets of programs seeking to reduce negative and increase positive social reactions to DSV disclosures.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Disclosure; Sex Offenses; Crime Victims; Students; Intimate Partner Violence
PubMed: 34982017
DOI: 10.1177/08862605211063004 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Dec 2006The 1999 release of the Institute of Medicine's document To Err is Human was akin to removing the lid of Pandora's box. Not only were the magnitude and impact of medical... (Review)
Review
The 1999 release of the Institute of Medicine's document To Err is Human was akin to removing the lid of Pandora's box. Not only were the magnitude and impact of medical errors now apparent to those working in the health care industry, but consumers or health care were alerted to the occurrence of medical events causing harm. One specific solution advocated was the disclosure to patients and their families of adverse events resulting from medical error. Knowledge of the historical perspective, ethical underpinnings, and medico-legal implications gives us a better appreciation of current recommendations for disclosing adverse events resulting from medical error to those affected.
Topics: Disclosure; Humans; Medical Errors
PubMed: 17126684
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2006.09.008 -
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences Aug 2022Mental health stigma and discrimination are global problems, and their reduction is recognised as an important public health priority. Involving celebrities in stigma...
Mental health stigma and discrimination are global problems, and their reduction is recognised as an important public health priority. Involving celebrities in stigma reduction is increasingly common. This Editorial considers the impact of celebrity disclosure on mental health-related stigma; that is, whether and how a famous person openly speaking about their experience of mental health conditions can reduce stigma. Potential explanations for how celebrity mental health disclosures can influence mental health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours are outlined, followed by an overview of evidence on how celebrity disclosure operates to reduce stigma. Considering the available evidence, we provide a number of conclusions and recommendations for how celebrities can effectively be involved in anti-stigma efforts, and what considerations this requires. It is fair to say that celebrity disclosures can support stigma-reduction efforts through increasing the public's awareness of mental health, modelling behaviour and generating openness on speaking about mental health problems, and on seeking help when needed. However, whether celebrity disclosure achieves changes in mental health stigma-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours depends on the extent to which there is a match between the attributes of the famous person, the content shared in their disclosure narrative and the intended audience of the message. Further research is needed on all these questions to better understand how to successfully utilise the potentially huge power of celebrity disclosure in large-scale anti-stigma efforts.
Topics: Disclosure; Famous Persons; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Social Stigma
PubMed: 36039976
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000488 -
The Surgeon : Journal of the Royal... Apr 2014Whilst the steps for reacting to and communicating following a surgical error should be clear to all, actual practice is punctuated by a range of failures which lead to... (Review)
Review
Whilst the steps for reacting to and communicating following a surgical error should be clear to all, actual practice is punctuated by a range of failures which lead to the harm done by the error being compounded by inadequacies in the disclosure and subsequent processes. This article outlines best practice at the current time within the United Kingdom when responding to a surgical error and it also reports the type of behaviours which result in poor levels of satisfaction from the patients' perspective - often resulting in litigation being invoked.
Topics: Disclosure; Humans; Medical Errors; Physician-Patient Relations; United Kingdom
PubMed: 24321838
DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2013.10.011 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Sep 2017Scientific medical publications are considered to be a source of unbiased and independent information. Authors are required to disclose relationships with the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Scientific medical publications are considered to be a source of unbiased and independent information. Authors are required to disclose relationships with the pharmaceutical industry for transparency purposes. The aim of this work was to assess conflict of interest disclosure in a Portuguese top-tier medical journal by comparing authors' self-reported conflicts of interest with payments listed in the official database of Portuguese Ministry of Health.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
All articles published in the Portuguese Journal of Cardiology from December 2015 to May 2016 were reviewed. Articles based on clinical images, with authors affiliated to foreign institutions, editorials, letters to the editor, or submitted before January 1st 2015 were excluded. Authors were categorized on concordance between self-reported disclosures and payments listed in the database. Authors who authored multiple articles were counted as new authors, since each paper offered a new opportunity for financial disclosure.
RESULTS
Of the 155 authors surveyed, 82 (53%) were in perfect concordance with the sunshine database, while 73 authors (47%) had one or more undisclosed payments. Undisclosed payments totaled over € 210 000. Four (17%) articles mentioned a conflict of interest, 24 articles (96%) had at least one author with undisclosed payments.
DISCUSSION
None of the payments listed in the database was acknowledged in self-reported conflicts of interest. This might indicate that authors do not consider their financial relationships with the industry to be relevant.
CONCLUSION
The lack of concordance between self-reported conflicts of interest and payments found in the database raises concerns about incomplete disclosure.
Topics: Conflict of Interest; Disclosure; Periodicals as Topic; Portugal
PubMed: 29025532
DOI: 10.20344/amp.8458 -
JAMA Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Databases, Factual; Disclosure; Registries; Research Design; Truth Disclosure; Withholding Treatment
PubMed: 37014347
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.0875 -
The Journal of Continuing Education in... Apr 2021Academic presentations in health professions continuing professional development (CPD) often begin with a declaration of real or potential conflicts utilizing a...
Academic presentations in health professions continuing professional development (CPD) often begin with a declaration of real or potential conflicts utilizing a three-slide template or a similar standardized display. These declarations are required in some constituencies. The three-slide template and similar protocols exist to assure learners that the content that follows has been screened, is notionally bias free, and without financial or other influence that might negatively affect health provider behavior. We suggest that there is a potential problem with this type of process that typically focusses in on a narrow definition of conflict of interest. There is the possibility that it does little to confront the issue that bias is a much larger concept and that many forms of bias beyond financial conflict of interest can have devastating effects on patient care and the health of communities. In this article, we hope to open a dialogue around this issue by "making the familiar strange," by asking education organizers and providers to question these standard disclosures. We argue that other forms of bias, arising from the perspectives of the presenter, can also potentially change provider behavior. Implicit biases, for example, affect relationships with patients and can lead to negative health outcomes. We propose that CPD reimagine the process of disclosure of conflicts of interest. We seek to expand reflection on, and disclosure of, perspectives and biases that could affect CPD learners as one dimension of harnessing the power of education to decrease structural inequities.
Topics: Bias; Conflict of Interest; Disclosure; Humans
PubMed: 33758128
DOI: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000342 -
Urology Aug 2022
Topics: Authorship; Disclosure; Humans; Physicians
PubMed: 35908843
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.04.039