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Clinics in Sports Medicine Jul 2020This article is a brief overview of the elbow dislocations focusing on updates in treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The fight between obtaining elbow stability... (Review)
Review
This article is a brief overview of the elbow dislocations focusing on updates in treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The fight between obtaining elbow stability without leading to long-term elbow stiffness has been a continued focus in field of sports medicine. This article highlights advances made to help treat the injuries appropriately and obtain optimal patient outcomes.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Fracture Dislocation; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Ligaments, Articular; Range of Motion, Articular; Treatment Outcome; Elbow Injuries
PubMed: 32446580
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2020.02.009 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Feb 2023Although uncommon, subtalar joint dislocations remain a frequently missed orthopaedic emergency. Detailed soft tissue and neurovascular assessment is important and these... (Review)
Review
Although uncommon, subtalar joint dislocations remain a frequently missed orthopaedic emergency. Detailed soft tissue and neurovascular assessment is important and these should be documented as appropriate. Failure of urgent reduction might lead to increased risk of conversion to an open injury as a result of pressure necrosis of the overlying skin, risk of talar avascular necrosis and risk of neurovascular compromise. A computed tomography scan is needed in all cases following successful closed or open reduction to identify associated occult foot and ankle fractures. The goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of soft tissue and neurovascular compromise and achieve a supple, painless foot. This article highlights the importance of early identification of this injury and institution of appropriate management according to the latest evidence, to reduce the risk of complications and lead to the best outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Joint Dislocations; Subtalar Joint; Ankle Fractures; Lower Extremity; Necrosis
PubMed: 36848162
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0211 -
Neurology India 2012Atlanto-axial dislocations (AADs) may be classified into four varieties depending upon the direction and plane of the dislocation i.e. anteroposterior, rotatory,... (Review)
Review
Atlanto-axial dislocations (AADs) may be classified into four varieties depending upon the direction and plane of the dislocation i.e. anteroposterior, rotatory, central, and mixed dislocations. However, from the surgical point of view these are divided into two categories i.e. reducible (RAADs) and irreducible (IAADs). Posterior fusion is the treatment of choice for RAAD. Transarticular screw fixation with sub-laminar wiring is the most stable& method of posterior fusion. Often, IAAD is due to inadequate extension in dynamic X-ray study which may also be due to spasm of muscles. If the anatomy at the occipito-atlanto-axial region {O-C1-C2; O: occiput, C1: atlas, C2: axis} is normal on X-ray, the dislocation should be reducible. In case congenital anomalies at O-C1-C2 and IAAD are seen on flexion/extension studies of the cervical spine, the C1-C2 joints should be seen in computerized tomography scan (CT). If the C1-C2 joint facet surfaces are normal, the AAD should be reducible by cervical traction or during surgery by mobilizing the joints. The entity termed "dolichoodontoid" does not exist. It is invariably C2-C3 (C3- third cervical vertebra) fusion which gives an appearance of dolichoodontoid on plain X-ray or on mid-saggital section of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT scan. The central dislocation and axial invagination should not be confused with basilar invagination. Transoral odontoidectomy alone is never sufficient in cases of congenital IAAD, adequate generous three-dimensional decompression while protecting the underlying neural structures should be achieved. Chronic post-traumatic IAAD are usually Type II odontoid fractures which get malunited or nonunited with pseudoarthrosis in dislocated position. All these dislocations can be reduced by transoral removal of the offending bone, callous and fibrous tissue.
Topics: Atlanto-Axial Joint; Cervical Vertebrae; Humans; Joint Dislocations
PubMed: 22406773
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.93582 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Apr 2020Although finger joint dislocations are generally thought of as benign by many athletes and assumed to be a sprain, these injuries represent a spectrum that includes... (Review)
Review
Although finger joint dislocations are generally thought of as benign by many athletes and assumed to be a sprain, these injuries represent a spectrum that includes disabling fracture-dislocations. Failure to recognize certain dislocations or fracture-dislocations may result in permanent deformity and loss of motion. Simple dislocations are frequently amenable to early return to play with protection; however, more complex injuries may require specialized splinting or surgery. Delay in diagnosis of unstable proximal interphalangeal fracture-dislocations may require reconstruction or fusion. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure optimal functional results.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Early Diagnosis; Female; Finger Injuries; Finger Phalanges; Fracture Dislocation; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Range of Motion, Articular; Return to Sport
PubMed: 32115092
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2019.10.006 -
The Laryngoscope Jan 2011To discuss the incidence, diagnosis, laryngeal findings, and management of arytenoid dislocation as a separate entity from vocal fold paralysis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
To discuss the incidence, diagnosis, laryngeal findings, and management of arytenoid dislocation as a separate entity from vocal fold paralysis.
STUDY DESIGN
Literature review.
METHODS
A contemporary review of the literature was performed by searching the terms arytenoid cartilage dislocation and subluxation in various combinations. Articles were analyzed and selected based on relevance and content.
RESULTS
Arytenoid dislocation is described as an uncommon laryngeal finding associated with intubation or blunt laryngeal trauma. The majority of recent publications are case reports or small case series. Diagnosis of arytenoid dislocation with flexible laryngoscopy, helical computed tomography, videostroboscopy, and laryngeal electromyography is recommended. In most reported cases, diagnosis has been made based on the position of the arytenoid at laryngoscopy. Reduction and repositioning of the arytenoid cartilage is reported with limited success noted with delayed diagnosis. Speech therapy may also be a beneficial treatment option.
CONCLUSIONS
Although arytenoid dislocation is reported in the literature, the body of available evidence fails to sufficiently differentiate it as a separate entity from unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Flexible laryngoscopy is inadequate as a standalone procedure to distinguish arytenoid dislocation from laryngeal nerve injury.
Topics: Arytenoid Cartilage; Humans; Joint Dislocations
PubMed: 21181984
DOI: 10.1002/lary.21276 -
International Journal of Oral and... Nov 2017Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint, which represents 3% of all dislocated joints reported in the body, occurs when the mandibular condyle is displaced anteriorly... (Review)
Review
Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint, which represents 3% of all dislocated joints reported in the body, occurs when the mandibular condyle is displaced anteriorly beyond the articular eminence. Although anterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle is well documented in the literature, superior, lateral, and posterior dislocation of the condyle is rare. Only a few reports documenting superolateral dislocation with anterior mandible fractures have been published in the past. However such dislocations without any associated fractures are even rarer. This report documents a case of superolateral dislocation of an intact mandible in a 48-year-old woman following a traumatic incident. This paper also reviews previously documented case reports and focuses on the causative mechanism, dynamics, and management of such dislocations.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Mandibular Condyle; Middle Aged; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 28610821
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.05.012 -
Semergen 2017Elbow dislocation is the most frequent dislocation in the upper limb after shoulder dislocation. Closed reduction is feasible in outpatient care when there is no...
Elbow dislocation is the most frequent dislocation in the upper limb after shoulder dislocation. Closed reduction is feasible in outpatient care when there is no associated fracture. A review is presented of the different reduction procedures.
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Elbow Injuries
PubMed: 28285907
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2017.01.005 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Jun 2000
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Humans; Joint Dislocations; Masticatory Muscles; Recurrence; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 10846117
DOI: 10.1067/moe.2000.106693 -
Injury Aug 1977Dislocation of the tarsal bones is uncommon; isolated dislocation of the calcaneum has been reported only four times. This paper presents a case of dislocated calcaneum... (Review)
Review
Dislocation of the tarsal bones is uncommon; isolated dislocation of the calcaneum has been reported only four times. This paper presents a case of dislocated calcaneum and reviews the literature.
Topics: Adult; Calcaneus; Female; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Orthopedic Fixation Devices
PubMed: 338480
DOI: 10.1016/0020-1383(77)90049-3 -
BMC Surgery Feb 2022Ipsilateral fracture of the radial shaft with dislocation of the radial head was a rare injury, but a delayed radial head dislocation after radial shaft fracture... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ipsilateral fracture of the radial shaft with dislocation of the radial head was a rare injury, but a delayed radial head dislocation after radial shaft fracture fixation was more extremely rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 39-year-old man fell from the height on his outstretched hand and injured his left, non-dominant forearm. Preoperative radiographs demonstrated a comminuted fracture of the proximal third of the radius but with no apparent dislocation of the distal or proximal radioulnar joints or the elbow. Seven days after the injury, the radius was fixed with a reconstruction locking plate, and the immediate postoperative radiograph revealed a satisfactory reduction. However, a radiograph done at the 4th week postoperatively showed that the radial head dislocated. Manual reduction under anesthesia was tried but failed and the patient refused to take another open surgery. The patient had an acceptable range of motion 12 months after the surgery: elbow flexion 120°, full elbow extension, forearm pronation 80°, forearm supination 80°, but he complained the pain around the elbow.
CONCLUSION
In the case of radial shaft fracture especially the when occurs at the proximal third of the radial shaft, even if the radiograph does not show the injury of the proximal radioulnar joint, we should also make a thorough examination of the proximal radioulnar joint. If the radial head dislocation is not initially diagnosed or treated late, a delayed dislocation would be very difficult to manage with a poor expected outcome.
Topics: Adult; Elbow Joint; Fracture Fixation; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Male; Radius; Radius Fractures; Range of Motion, Articular
PubMed: 35172793
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01514-1