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Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... Feb 2021"Subperichondrial-subperiosteal dissection technique (SSDT) decreases soft tissue injury to a minimum by protecting soft tissues from dissection and retraction traumas.... (Review)
Review
"Subperichondrial-subperiosteal dissection technique (SSDT) decreases soft tissue injury to a minimum by protecting soft tissues from dissection and retraction traumas. The fact remains that dissecting the perichondrium of the nasal tip cartilages is not effortless. Cartilages may be harmed if dissection is not initiated at the right location. The aforementioned surgeons have routinely used the SSDT between the years 2008 and 2019 in more than 4000 rhinoplasties. The number of the surgeons making use of the SSDT will increase with the understanding of the key points in dissection, their ordering, and use of correct instrumentation."
Topics: Dissection; Humans; Nasal Cartilages; Nasal Septum; Periosteum; Rhinoplasty
PubMed: 33220842
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2020.09.002 -
Brain Structure & Function Jan 2021The aim of this literature review is to present a summary of the published literature relating the details of the different modifications of specimen preparation for... (Review)
Review
The aim of this literature review is to present a summary of the published literature relating the details of the different modifications of specimen preparation for white matter dissection with the Klingler technique. For this review, 3 independent investigators performed an electronic literature search that was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databses up to December 2019. Furthermore, we performed citation tracking for the articles missed in the initial search. Studies were eligible for inclusion when they reported details of at least the first 2 main steps of Klingler's technique: fixation and freezing. A total of 37 full-text articles were included in the analysis. We included original anatomical studies in which human white matter dissection was performed for study purposes. The main three steps of preparation are the same in each laboratory, but the details of each vary between studies. Ten percent formalin is the most commonly used (34 studies) solution for fixation. The freezing time varied between 8 h and a month, and the temperature varied from - 5 to - 80 °C. After thawing and during dissections, the specimens were most often kept in formalin solution (13), and the concentration varied from 4 to 10%. Klingler's preparation technique involves three main steps: fixation, freezing and thawing. Even though the details of the technique are different in most of the studies, all provide subjectively good quality specimens for anatomical dissections and studies.
Topics: Brain; Dissection; Humans; White Matter
PubMed: 33165658
DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02157-9 -
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) Jun 2021At all times anatomists endeavored to procure scientific foundations for medicine. The anatomist dissected corpses in order to serve the living. The knowledge of anatomy... (Review)
Review
At all times anatomists endeavored to procure scientific foundations for medicine. The anatomist dissected corpses in order to serve the living. The knowledge of anatomy is a prerequisite for the understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the "Hippocratic corpus" there is no clear reference to the performance of human autopsies. Anatomy was taught on a human corpse for the first time in Alexandria around 300 B.C. For more than 1300 years anatomy and medicine then stood under the influence of Galen of Pergamon (131-201 A.D.). The Italian Mondino dei Luzzi (1275-1326) was the first to introduce systematic anatomy lessons with a regular inclusion of teaching dissections in the teaching curriculum in Bologna. Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) from Belgium founded the scientifically based human anatomy during the modern era and corrected many errors in the traditional views on anatomy of Galen. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Dutch universities, particularly the University of Leiden, were the leaders with respect to the clinical and practical student training.
Topics: Anatomy; Curriculum; Dissection; Humans; Italy; Medicine; Universities
PubMed: 33852091
DOI: 10.1007/s10354-021-00836-8 -
Folia Morphologica 2019Klingler's technique was discovered in the 1930s. It is a modified method of brain fixation and dissection, based on freezing and thawing of the brain tissue, subsequent... (Review)
Review
Klingler's technique was discovered in the 1930s. It is a modified method of brain fixation and dissection, based on freezing and thawing of the brain tissue, subsequent peeling away of white matter fibres and the gradual exposure of white matter tracts. The added value of this technique is that it is carried out in a stratigraphic manner. This fact makes it an invaluable tool for an in-depth understanding of the complex anatomical organisation of the cerebral hemispheres. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of Klingler's method while taking into account the original description of the technique and its value for medical training. The historical background, the concise outline of white matter organisation, as well as our own experience in using this procedure for research and teaching activities were also included. The fibre dissection technique may still be considered an excellent complementary research tool for neuroanatomical studies. Numerous detailed observations about the white matter topography and spatial organisation have been recently made by applying this method. Using this technique may also improve understanding of the three-dimensional intrinsic structure of the brain, which is particularly important both in under- and postgraduate training in the field of neuroanatomy.
Topics: Brain; Dissection; Humans; Neuroanatomy; Neuroimaging; Neurosurgery
PubMed: 30536356
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0113 -
Anatomical Sciences Education May 2020For centuries cadaveric dissection has been a cornerstone of medical anatomy education. However, time and financial limitations in modern, compressed medical curricula,...
For centuries cadaveric dissection has been a cornerstone of medical anatomy education. However, time and financial limitations in modern, compressed medical curricula, coupled with the abundance of alternate modalities, have raised questions about the role of dissection. This study was designed to explore student perceptions of the efficacy of a dissection program for learning musculoskeletal anatomy, and possible adaptations for appropriate inclusion of dissection in the modern medical curricula. A paper-based questionnaire was used to collect data from 174 medical students after completion of cadaveric dissections. Data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Students strongly believed that cadaver-based learning is essential to anatomy education and modern teaching modalities only complement this. Moreover, most students reported that dissection provided an additional, immersive learning experience that facilitated active learning and helped in developing manual competencies. Students with previous dissection experience or an interest in anatomy-related specialties were significantly more likely to attend dissection sessions. Students found that the procedural dissection components enhanced the knowledge of applied anatomy and is beneficial for the development of clinical skills. They welcomed the idea of implementing more procedure-based dissections alongside lectures and prosections-based practical (PBP) sessions. Cadaveric dissection plays an integral role in medical anatomy education. Time restraints and an increased focus on clinical significance, however, demand carefully considered adaptations of existing dissection protocols. The introduction of procedure-based dissection offers an innovative, highly engaging and clinically relevant package that would amalgamate skills essential to medical practice while retaining the benefits that have allowed dissection to stand the test of time.
Topics: Anatomy; Cadaver; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Musculoskeletal System; Perception; Problem-Based Learning; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31168930
DOI: 10.1002/ase.1905 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Sep 2021Accessibility to germ cells allows the study of germ cell development, meiosis, and recombination. The sexual biotype of the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea...
Accessibility to germ cells allows the study of germ cell development, meiosis, and recombination. The sexual biotype of the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea, is a powerful invertebrate model to study the epigenetic specification of germ cells. Unlike the large number of testis and male germ cells, planarian oocytes are relatively difficult to locate and examine, as there are only two ovaries, each with 5-20 oocytes. Deeper localization within the planarian body and lack of protective epithelial tissues also make it challenging to dissect planarian ovaries directly. This protocol uses a brief fixation step to facilitate the localization and dissection of planarian ovaries for downstream analysis to overcome these difficulties. The dissected ovary is compatible for ultrastructural examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and antibody immunostaining. The dissection technique outlined in this protocol also allows for gene perturbation experiments, in which the ovaries are examined under different RNA interference (RNAi) conditions. Direct access to the intact germ cells in the ovary achieved by this protocol will greatly improve the imaging depth and quality and allow cellular and subcellular interrogation of oocyte biology.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Female; Germ Cells; Male; Ovary; Planarians; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 34570108
DOI: 10.3791/62713 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jan 2022Due to the ongoing discussion of the usefulness of dissection on human bodies in medical curricula, we investigated the influence of anatomical knowledge collected in...
PURPOSE
Due to the ongoing discussion of the usefulness of dissection on human bodies in medical curricula, we investigated the influence of anatomical knowledge collected in the dissection course and requested for modules of visceral surgery.
METHODS
Students attending the dissection course of topographic anatomy had to answer a questionnaire of 22 questions with focus on anatomical knowledge required for visceral surgical modules. Failure was defined as 13 or fewer correct answers, success categorized as high, good or moderate. The same questionnaire was handed out to 245 students prior to the module on visceral surgery. Students provided information on which regions they had dissected during the course or prior to the module. The results were compared to the result of a written Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) exam of the module visceral surgery (n = 160 students) with an unannounced primary focus on anatomy.
RESULTS
Students who dissected the truncal regions of the human body succeeded in answering the questionnaire with high success. Students dissecting regions of the Head/Neck or Limbs had a high failure rate, and none of them reached the "high" success level. In the MCQ exam, students dissecting truncal regions had a high success rate, while those who had not dissected or who dissected the Head/Neck or Limbs had a high failure rate.
CONCLUSION
Dissections support and improve the required knowledge for surgical modules. For the visceral surgical module, students dissecting the region prior to the module greatly benefited. Therefore, entire human body dissection assumes to be preferable.
Topics: Anatomy; Cadaver; Curriculum; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Students, Medical
PubMed: 34309713
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02802-w -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Oct 2019Drosophila flight muscle is a powerful model to study diverse processes such as transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, metabolism, and mechanobiology, which...
Drosophila flight muscle is a powerful model to study diverse processes such as transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, metabolism, and mechanobiology, which all influence muscle development and myofibrillogenesis. Omics data, such as those generated by mass spectrometry or deep sequencing, can provide important mechanistic insights into these biological processes. For such approaches, it is beneficial to analyze tissue-specific samples to increase both selectivity and specificity of the omics fingerprints. Here we present a protocol for dissection of fluorescent-labeled flight muscle from live pupae to generate highly enriched muscle samples for omics applications. We first describe how to dissect flight muscles at early pupal stages (<48 h after puparium formation [APF]), when the muscles are discernable by green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeling. We then describe how to dissect muscles from late pupae (>48 h APF) or adults, when muscles are distinguishable under a dissecting microscope. The accompanying video protocol will make these technically demanding dissections more widely accessible to the muscle and Drosophila research communities. For RNA applications, we assay the quantity and quality of RNA that can be isolated at different time points and with different approaches. We further show that Bruno1 (Bru1) is necessary for a temporal shift in myosin heavy chain (Mhc) splicing, demonstrating that dissected muscles can be used for mRNA-Seq, mass spectrometry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) applications. This dissection protocol will help promote tissue-specific omics analyses and can be generally applied to study multiple biological aspects of myogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Drosophila melanogaster; Flight, Animal; Muscle Development; Myofibrils; Proteomics; Sequence Analysis, RNA
PubMed: 31680668
DOI: 10.3791/60309 -
Toxicologic Pathology Jan 2020The ganglion of the trigeminal (V cranial) nerve is generally sampled at necropsy in nonrodent toxicology studies only when somatic or autonomic peripheral nervous...
The ganglion of the trigeminal (V cranial) nerve is generally sampled at necropsy in nonrodent toxicology studies only when somatic or autonomic peripheral nervous system toxicity is suspected. The ganglion is far more difficult to locate in nonrodents than in rats and mice, and suitable methods to dissect it have been described only for swine. The trigeminal nerve caudal to the ganglion passes through a canal, roofed by bone in dogs and rabbits and by a tough layer of dura mater in swine and nonhuman primates. The ganglion is partly or wholly obscured by overlying dura mater. Of the 3 intracranial branches of the nerve, the ophthalmic is delicate and the maxillary and mandibular have extremely short courses within the cranial cavity. Methods that are practical in routine toxicologic pathology for the dissection of the ganglion in nonrodent laboratory species are illustrated and relevant species differences in the anatomy of the intracranial part of the trigeminal nerve are highlighted.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Dogs; Mice; Rabbits; Rats; Swine; Toxicology; Trigeminal Ganglion
PubMed: 31181996
DOI: 10.1177/0192623319854338 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Oct 2006
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Drosophila; Female; Ovary
PubMed: 18704176
DOI: 10.3791/52