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Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Feb 2007Analysis of gene expression patterns during early stages of mammalian embryonic development can provide important clues about gene function, cell-cell interaction and...
Analysis of gene expression patterns during early stages of mammalian embryonic development can provide important clues about gene function, cell-cell interaction and signaling mechanisms that guide embryonic patterning. However, dissection of the mouse embryo from the decidua shortly after implantation can be a challenging procedure, and detailed step-by-step documentation of this process is lacking. Here we demonstrate how post-implantation (6.5 dpc) embryos are isolated by first dissecting the uterus of a pregnant mouse (detection of the vaginal plug was designated day 0.5 poist coitum) and subsequently dissecting the embryo from maternal decidua. The dissection of Reichert's membrane is described as well as the removal of the ectoplacental cone.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Embryo Implantation; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Mice; Pregnancy
PubMed: 18830421
DOI: 10.3791/160 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Jul 2020The anatomical descriptions of the attachments of the female breast to the chest wall vary in their structure, location, and terminology within the published literature.
BACKGROUND
The anatomical descriptions of the attachments of the female breast to the chest wall vary in their structure, location, and terminology within the published literature.
METHODS
A dissection study of the attachments of the breast to the chest wall was conducted on 18 female embalmed breasts in the coronal (n = 15) and sagittal planes (n = 3).
RESULTS
Perimeter, posterior wall, and horizontal septum attachments were observed. The perimeter along its entire length was attached to the chest wall. Regional and anatomical variation was observed in this structure and location. Sharp dissection was required to remove it from the chest wall, in contrast to the blunt dissection required to remove the posterior wall and horizontal septum attachments.
CONCLUSIONS
The breast attaches to the chest wall along its entire perimeter, posterior wall, and horizontal septum, with the perimeter functioning as the primary anchor of the breast to the chest wall. The structure of the perimeter attachment is both periosteal and fascial and requires sharp dissection to remove it from the chest wall. The fascial structures of the posterior wall and horizontal septum require blunt dissection only. The structure of the perimeter has regional variation, and its location on the chest wall has anatomical variation. Detailed anatomical descriptions and illustrations are supported by photographic evidence of cadaver dissections in two planes. Clinical and anatomical terminology are linked, with clinical implications for medical anatomy education, breast modeling, and breast surgery.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast; Cadaver; Dissection; Female; Humans; Thoracic Wall
PubMed: 32590636
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006954 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Apr 2019The number of studies and clinical interest in the anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) has grown in recent years. A meticulous and accurate ALL dissection is vital...
BACKGROUND
The number of studies and clinical interest in the anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) has grown in recent years. A meticulous and accurate ALL dissection is vital in anatomic and biomechanical studies, and a standardized technique is not yet established. As such, the aim of this study was to describe a step-by-step ALL dissection technique that could help authors consistently identify the ALL.
METHODS
Twenty knees from frozen adult cadavers, with no preference for sex or age, were included in the study. All the cadavers were dissected using the same technique to determine the incidence of the ALL.
RESULTS
A transverse incision is performed in the iliotibial band (ITB), around 10 cm proximal to the topography of the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Next, the ITB undergoes anterograde blunt dissection until its insertion at Gerdy's tubercle in the tibia. Maintaining biceps femoris insertion, a dissection is performed anteriorly to it, until the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is found. Using the LCL, internal rotation and 30 to 60° flexion as references, the ALL can be located in the anterolateral topography of the knee, with its origin near the lateral epicondyle (proximal and posterior) and insertion between Gerdy's tubercle and the fibula (4.0 mm to 7.0 mm below the tibial plateau), expanding to the lateral meniscus (between the body and anterior horn), exhibiting a mean length of 4.0 ± 0.4 cm and mean width of 5.5 ± 0.8 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
The present article describes an effective and reproducible ALL dissection technique that made it was possible to identify the ligament in 100% of the cases in the present study.
Topics: Adult; Cadaver; Dissection; Humans; Knee Joint; Ligaments, Articular
PubMed: 30947710
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2517-0 -
The Anatomical Record Nov 1975A simple, inexpensive method of making accurate permanent casts of brain dissections is described. Dissected brain preparations are used to produce silicone rubber...
A simple, inexpensive method of making accurate permanent casts of brain dissections is described. Dissected brain preparations are used to produce silicone rubber molds. Methyl methacrylate is used to make the hard plastic models.
Topics: Brain; Brain Stem; Dissection; Humans; Methylmethacrylates; Models, Structural; Silicone Elastomers
PubMed: 1200331
DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091830307 -
Current Protocols in Mouse Biology Sep 2015Necropsy (also known as autopsy) is the post-mortem dissection of bodies after euthanasia or death and is a scientific examination conducted to observe and dissect the...
Necropsy (also known as autopsy) is the post-mortem dissection of bodies after euthanasia or death and is a scientific examination conducted to observe and dissect the organs, collect tissues, and determine the extent of grossly evident disease. Research necropsies are conducted to obtain specific samples tailored according to study objectives. Diagnostic necropsy may be undertaken when unexpected illness or death occurs. The systematic collection of samples at necropsy is the critical first step in generating morphologic data from animal models. The morphologic (anatomic and histologic) data generates information on changes in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems providing context for phenotypes (functional and morphological) to the level of the whole organism. Optimal insight into phenotype or pathophysiologic mechanisms is obtained when morphologic data is coupled with laboratory, medical, and molecular findings. This protocol provides a standard for an efficient routine mouse necropsy with brief comments on advanced or alternative techniques.
Topics: Animal Structures; Animals; Autopsy; Dissection; Mice
PubMed: 26331757
DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140296 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Jul 2006More than three thousand years of Jewish historical and scholarly writings have addressed the problematic relationship between anatomical dissection for the purpose of... (Review)
Review
More than three thousand years of Jewish historical and scholarly writings have addressed the problematic relationship between anatomical dissection for the purpose of medical education and Judaism, which values the wholeness and sanctity of the human body. The Department of Anatomy at Tel Aviv University's Sackler Faculty of Medicine has sought to bridge the gap between science and Jewish religious-cultural values. The Department requires students to conduct laboratory dissections on cadavers in an ethical and respectful manner. Student emotions are also addressed by the Department as students are encouraged to share their apprehensions and concerns about participating in dissections in discussion groups. At the same time, the high academic standards of the medical school are strictly upheld, ensuring that each student has a thorough knowledge of human anatomy. Teaching anatomy in Israeli medical school involves reconciling two conflicting approaches to dissection: (1) The scientific-medical approach, which views the human body as inert material and anatomical dissection as a means of studying anatomy and gaining medical knowledge. (2) A Jewish religious point of view, which perceives anatomical dissection as a threat to the sanctity of a human body and leads to the defilement of those participating in the dissection. In this article, the views of major Jewish scholars regarding dissection are presented and discussed in relation to their implementation in the dissection theater. These views are examined in an anthropological light based on observations in the dissection room and interviews with students and faculty members. The findings reflect the emotions and concerns of Israeli medical students at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine in particular as well as those of the Israeli-Jewish population as a whole. In the dissection theater, medical students must gain a comprehensive understanding of human anatomy while dealing with their own personal ethical, cultural, and religious views on death and dying. Confronting these issues enhances both personal growth as individuals and professional behavior as future physicians.
Topics: Anatomy; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Faculty; Humans; Judaism; Religion and Medicine; Students, Medical
PubMed: 16683239
DOI: 10.1002/ca.20312 -
Anatomical Sciences Education May 2016To promote student learning, educational strategies should provide multiple levels of engagement with the subject matter. This study investigated examination data from...
To promote student learning, educational strategies should provide multiple levels of engagement with the subject matter. This study investigated examination data from five first year medical gross anatomy class cohorts (692 students) to determine if enhanced student performance was correlated with learning through dissection in a course that used a rotating dissection schedule coupled with peer teaching and other associated experiences. When students performed two of five weekly dissections for a given unit, their average scores on both laboratory and written examinations tended to increase as compared to when they had completed only one week of dissection (P < 0.01). However, these performance gains differed across the class strata and were related to the amount of dissection completed. Students in the upper quartile (UQS) of the class benefited when they had dissected once (92.8%) or twice (92.4%), and these scores were significantly higher than those attained when learning from peers (90.3%, P < 0.01). Students in the lower quartile (LQS) benefited most from the dissection experiences, where practical examination performance was better (77.8% and 80.5%) than when these students learned material from their peers (73.7%, P < 0.01). Although UQS benefited from dissection, LQS benefited to a greater extent in both the practical and written examinations with dissection. Although limited, these data suggest that dissection, coupled with associated educational activities, is an effective pedagogical strategy for learning. Further investigation is required to evaluate the concomitant benefits of peer teaching that are associated with the dissection experience. Anat Sci Educ 9: 238-246. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
Topics: Adult; Anatomy; Dissection; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 26536279
DOI: 10.1002/ase.1574 -
Anatomical Sciences Education Nov 2022Dissection is a unique multisensory educational experience and is essential to learning the anatomical construction of the human and animal bodies. This study aims to...
Dissection is a unique multisensory educational experience and is essential to learning the anatomical construction of the human and animal bodies. This study aims to introduce a specialized design for the assessment of dissection and to discuss the assessment's attributes. The design was a product of the "assessment drives learning" concept and was developed to motivate students to dissect. Students were awarded "dissection points" based on prior group dissection and identification of structures. Students' perception of the design was examined, and content analysis was performed. The assessment consisted of two parts: the first assigning each student group structures to "pin" on their previously dissected cadavers; the second was a group peer evaluation. The most critical factor for the assessment's success was careful selection of structures assigned to students to pin. The assessment was fit for the purpose, valid, reliable, and had a significant educational impact. Eighty-three percent of students (n = 116) recommended maintaining the assessment design, as they felt it promoted a deep approach to learning as well as teamwork while reducing stress to a minimum. A strong correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.46, P < 0.0001) was present between the high rating of the design and the number of structures learned, as well as, high rating and lower stress level (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P < 0.0001). There was no apparent influence of grades on student perception of the effectiveness of the assessment. This specific design of evaluation could be used as part of anatomy education in veterinary and medical schools.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anatomy; Social Identification; Dissection; Cadaver; Schools, Medical; Educational Measurement; Students, Medical; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Curriculum
PubMed: 34662500
DOI: 10.1002/ase.2143 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Aug 2017We have been investigating the pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a cre-recombinase; lox-stop-lox- Kristen rat sarcoma, glycine to aspartic acid at the 12 codon...
We have been investigating the pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a cre-recombinase; lox-stop-lox- Kristen rat sarcoma, glycine to aspartic acid at the 12 codon (Ptf1a;LSL-Kras) mouse strain as a model of human pancreatic cancer. The goal of our current studies is to identify novel metabolic biomarkers of pancreatic cancer progression. We have performed metabolic profiling of urine, feces, blood, and pancreas tissue extracts, as well as histological analyses of the pancreas to stage the cancer progression. The mouse pancreas is not a well-defined solid organ like in humans, but rather is a diffusely distributed soft tissue that is not easily identified by individuals unfamiliar with mouse internal anatomy or by individuals that have little or no experience performing mouse organ dissections. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed step-wise visual demonstration to guide novices in the removal of the mouse pancreas by dissection. This article should be especially valuable to students and investigators new to research that requires harvesting of the mouse pancreas by dissection for metabolic profiling or histological analyses.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Dissection; Histological Techniques; Humans; Metabolome; Mice; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 28872120
DOI: 10.3791/55647 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Mar 2010Over the last 20 years, the zebrafish has become a powerful model organism for understanding vertebrate development and disease. Although experimental analysis of the...
Over the last 20 years, the zebrafish has become a powerful model organism for understanding vertebrate development and disease. Although experimental analysis of the embryo and larva is extensive and the morphology has been well documented, descriptions of adult zebrafish anatomy and studies of development of the adult structures and organs, together with techniques for working with adults are lacking. The organs of the larva undergo significant changes in their overall structure, morphology, and anatomical location during the larval to adult transition. Externally, the transparent larva develops its characteristic adult striped pigment pattern and paired pelvic fins, while internally, the organs undergo massive growth and remodeling. In addition, the bipotential gonad primordium develops into either testis or ovary. This protocol identifies many of the organs of the adult and demonstrates methods for dissection of the brain, gonads, gastrointestinal system, heart, and kidney of the adult zebrafish. The dissected organs can be used for in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, histology, RNA extraction, protein analysis, and other molecular techniques. This protocol will assist in the broadening of studies in the zebrafish to include the remodeling of larval organs, the morphogenesis of organs specific to the adult and other investigations of the adult organ systems.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Female; Male; Zebrafish
PubMed: 20203557
DOI: 10.3791/1717