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Scientific Reports Jan 2023Advances in the techniques for assessing human cerebral white matter have recently contributed to greater attention to structural connectivity. Yet, little is known...
Advances in the techniques for assessing human cerebral white matter have recently contributed to greater attention to structural connectivity. Yet, little is known about the vascularization of most white matter fasciculi and the fascicular composition of the vascular territories. This paper presents an original method to label the arterial supply of macroscopic white matter fasciculi based on a standardized protocol for post-mortem injection of colored material into main cerebral arteries combined with a novel fiber dissection technique. Twelve whole human cerebral hemispheres obtained post-mortem were included. A detailed description of every step, from obtaining the specimen to image acquisition of its dissection, is provided. Injection and dissection were reproducible and manageable without any sophisticated equipment. They successfully showed the arterial supply of the dissected fasciculi. In addition, we discuss the challenges we faced and overcame during the development of the presented method, highlight its originality. Henceforth, this innovative method serves as a tool to provide a precise anatomical description of the vascularization of the main white matter tracts.
Topics: Humans; White Matter; Dissection; Arteries; Nerve Tissue
PubMed: 36646713
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26227-6 -
Anatomical Sciences Education Sep 2020Progressive curricular changes in medical education over the past two decades have resulted in the diaspora of gross anatomy content into integrated curricula while...
Progressive curricular changes in medical education over the past two decades have resulted in the diaspora of gross anatomy content into integrated curricula while significantly reducing total contact hours. Despite the development of a wide range of alternative teaching modalities, gross dissection remains a critical component of medical education. The challenge posed to modern anatomists is how to maximize and integrate the time spent dissecting under the current curricular changes. In this study, an alternative approach to the dissection of the pelvis and perineum is presented in an effort to improve content delivery and student satisfaction. The approach involves removal of the perineum en bloc from the cadaver followed by excision of the pubic symphysis, removal and examination of the bladder and associated structures, examination and bisection of the midline pelvic organs in situ, and midsagittal hemisection of the pelvis for identification of the neurovasculature. Results indicate that this novel dissecting approach increases the number of structures identified by 46% ± 14% over current dissecting methods. Survey results indicate that students were better able to integrate lecture and laboratory concepts, understand the concepts, and successfully identify more structures using the new approach (P < 0.05). The concept of anatomic efficiency is introduced and proposed as a standard quantitative measure of gross dissection proficiency across programs and institutions. These findings provide evidence that innovative solutions to anatomy education can be found that help to maintain critical content and student satisfaction in a modern medical curriculum.
Topics: Anatomy; Dissection; Female; Humans; Male; Pelvis; Perineum; Young Adult
PubMed: 31758729
DOI: 10.1002/ase.1932 -
Anatomical Sciences Education 2010Knowledge of the three-dimensional anatomy of the bronchopulmonary segments is essential for respiratory medicine. This report describes a quick guide for dissecting the...
Knowledge of the three-dimensional anatomy of the bronchopulmonary segments is essential for respiratory medicine. This report describes a quick guide for dissecting the segmental bronchi in formaldehyde-fixed human material. All segmental bronchi are easy to dissect, and thus, this exercise will help medical students to better understand the bronchopulmonary segments.
Topics: Bronchi; Dissection; Humans
PubMed: 20648597
DOI: 10.1002/ase.155 -
Anatomical Sciences Education 2011In this quasi-experimental study, we describe the effect of showing dissection videos on first-year medical students' performance in terms of test scores during a gross...
In this quasi-experimental study, we describe the effect of showing dissection videos on first-year medical students' performance in terms of test scores during a gross anatomy course. We also surveyed students' perception regarding the showing of dissection videos. Two hundred eighty-seven first-year medical students at Rawalpindi Medical College in Pakistan, divided into two groups, dissected one limb in first term and switched over to the other limb in the second term. During the second term, instruction was supplemented by dissection videos. Second-term anatomy examination marks were compared with first-term scores and with results from first-year medical students in previous years. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, with term scores (continuous, 0-200) as the dependent variable. Students shown dissection videos scored 1.26 marks higher than those not shown. The relationship was not statistically significant (95% CI: -1.11, 3.70; P = 0.314). Ninety-three percent of students favored regular inclusion of dissection videos in curriculum, and 50% termed it the best source for learning gross anatomy. Seventy-six percent of students did not perform regular cadaver dissection. The most frequent reason cited for not performing regular dissection was high student-cadaver ratio. Dissection videos did not improve performance on final examination scores; however, students favored their use.
Topics: Adolescent; Anatomy; Cadaver; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Male; Perception; Videotape Recording; Young Adult
PubMed: 21265032
DOI: 10.1002/ase.194 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2022Over the last four millennia, the discipline of anatomy and its relationships with medicine and society have evolved dramatically. Human dissection, the perennial tool...
Over the last four millennia, the discipline of anatomy and its relationships with medicine and society have evolved dramatically. Human dissection, the perennial tool for anatomical discovery and education, has both guided this evolution and matured alongside it. Soon after the first cadaveric dissections recorded in ancient Greece, China, India, and Persia, clear endorsements of its practice fell largely silent in the anatomical record for 1,500 years before reappearing in Europe at the dawn of the Renaissance. Between the 13th and 18th centuries CE, the performance of anatomical dissection became a popular form of education and public entertainment, and the demand for human cadavers steadily increased among European anatomical schools while supply remained limited by legal statute. This gave rise to an informal group of amateur and professional body snatchers called the Resurrectionists and, later, inspired the Anatomy Act of 1832 CE. In the 20th and 21st centuries CE, voluntary body bequeathal programs have enabled the practice of human dissection to continue in academic centers as a cornerstone of anatomical education, now with a newfound focus on the development of affective skills. This article provides an abridged account of anatomy's development, highlighting key moments in its growth, the valuable contributions of many different societies to the discipline, and the important roles of several luminary anatomists of antiquity. Within the broader context of this history, it offers an overview of anatomical dissection's evocative past, spanning from its inception to its present-day practice.
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy; Cadaver; China; Dissection; Europe; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans
PubMed: 34551186
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24764 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Oct 2019Orbital blowout fractures are common. The same goes for its surgical complications when the efficiency of the dissection of entrapped or herniated intraorbital contents...
Orbital blowout fractures are common. The same goes for its surgical complications when the efficiency of the dissection of entrapped or herniated intraorbital contents into the fracture could not be completely and safely dissected out. The authors describe a modification of the commonly used Howarth periosteal elevator for dissection of intraorbital content displacement or herniation on orbital blowout fracture. The instrument was modified by marking out the instrument from the tip into 10, 20, 25, 30, and 40 mm on both of its concave and convex surfaces to allow safe orbital soft tissue dissection and distance control. From the authors' experience, these simple modifications from its original instrument design allow better intraoperative control and appreciation of any intact important intraorbital anatomical structures such as inferomedial strut and posterior ledge. At the same time of importantly getting complete orbital fracture dissection and visualization, it causes less trauma to surrounding soft tissue with the markings ensuring unnecessary orbital exploration or visualization. Dissection can be kept for optimum maneuverability at the required or intended location based on the preoperative scan or dimension of anatomical orbital implant.
Topics: Dissection; Humans; Orbital Fractures; Orthopedic Equipment; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31503125
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005617 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Jul 2014Temporal bone drilling practice constitutes an essential stage in training for the surgical approach to this complex anatomic structure. To facilitate adaptation and...
HYPOTHESIS
Temporal bone drilling practice constitutes an essential stage in training for the surgical approach to this complex anatomic structure. To facilitate adaptation and surgical skills in otologic surgery, we recall the easy cost-effective practice of drilling a chicken egg.
BACKGROUND
The resident in training must master the use of the surgical microscope, the burr, and fine drilling instruments used in dissection. Animal models, plastic temporal bones, prototyped temporal bones, and virtual reality temporal bones have all been used.
METHODS
This article describes a method of training residents' otologic skills by drilling a chicken egg. We used basic support materials found in a typical temporal bone dissection laboratory, with a surgical microscope, a desk, and a drilling system. Practice includes drilling and dissection of the eggshell, preserving the natural eggshell membrane.
RESULTS
Learning temporal bone drilling on an egg, using basic materials, allows the surgeon to simulate surgery on a physical model using the same instrumentation that is used in surgery, obviating the need for laboratory conditions required for cadaveric dissection.
CONCLUSION
Simulation is emerging as a mandatory component of surgical training. The egg is an excellent cost-effective model for drilling and dissection training and helps in improving surgical skills, enables learning of fine motor skills, and allows repeated practice. Although this method of training does help one control a drill and manual instrumentation, it does not help with temporal bone anatomy knowledge.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Competency-Based Education; Dissection; Education, Medical, Graduate; General Surgery; Humans; Internship and Residency; Models, Anatomic; Ovum; Surgical Instruments; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 24841916
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000390 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Mar 2024Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, and its morphology and function can be greatly impacted by...
Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, and its morphology and function can be greatly impacted by environmental stimuli in mice and humans. Currently, murine interscapular BAT (iBAT), which is located between two scapulae in the upper dorsal flank of mice, is the main BAT depot used by research laboratories to study BAT function. Recently, a few previously unknown BAT depots were identified in mice, including one analogous to human supraclavicular brown adipose tissue. Unlike iBAT, murine supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (scBAT) is situated in the intermediate layer of the neck and thus cannot be accessed as readily. To facilitate the study of newly identified mouse scBAT, presented herein is a protocol detailing the steps to dissect intact scBAT from postnatal and adult mice. Due to scBAT's small size relative to other adipose depots, procedures have been modified and optimized specifically for processing scBAT. Among these modifications is the use of a dissecting microscope during tissue collection to increase the precision and homogenization of frozen scBAT samples to raise the efficiency of subsequent qPCR analysis. With these optimizations, the identification of, morphological appearance of, and molecular characterization of the scBAT can be determined in mice.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Animals; Mice; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Dissection; Gene Expression Profiling; Dendritic Spines; Neck
PubMed: 38619263
DOI: 10.3791/66475 -
Anatomical Sciences Education Mar 2020The supplementation of lecture-based anatomy teaching with laboratory sessions, involving dissection or anatomical specimens, is commonly used. Hands-on dissection...
The supplementation of lecture-based anatomy teaching with laboratory sessions, involving dissection or anatomical specimens, is commonly used. Hands-on dissection allows students to handle instruments correctly while actively exploring three-dimensional anatomy. However, dissection carries a potential risk of sharps and splash injuries. The aim of this study was to quantify the frequency rate of such cases per 1,000 student-hours of dissection and identify potential factors than might influence safety in anatomy laboratories. Data were retrospectively collected from September 2013 to June 2018 at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK. Overall, 35 sharps injuries were recorded in undergraduate medical students, with a frequency rate of 0.384 and no splash cases. A statistically significant, moderate negative association between year of study and frequency rate (rho = -0.663; P < 0.001) was noted. A statistically significant difference in the frequency rate between different semester modules (χ = 13.577, P = 0.009) was observed with the difference being between Year 1 Semester 2 and Year 3 Semester 1 (P = 0.004). The decreasing trend with advancing year of study might be linked to increasing dissecting experience or the surface area of the region dissected. The following factors might have contributed to increased safety influencing frequency rates: single-handed blade removal systems; mandatory personal protective equipment; and having only one student dissecting at a given time. The authors propose that safety familiarization alongside standardized training and safety measures, as part of an evidence-based culture shift, will instill safety conscious behaviors and reduce injuries in anatomy laboratories.
Topics: Anatomy; Dissection; Humans; Needlestick Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Students, Medical
PubMed: 31091009
DOI: 10.1002/ase.1894 -
Neurosurgery Aug 2000The fiber dissection technique involves peeling away the white matter tracts of the brain to display its three-dimensional anatomic organization. Early anatomists...
OBJECTIVE
The fiber dissection technique involves peeling away the white matter tracts of the brain to display its three-dimensional anatomic organization. Early anatomists demonstrated many tracts and fasciculi of the brain using this technique. The complexities of the preparation of the brain and the execution of fiber dissection have led to the neglect of this method, particularly since the development of the microtome and histological techniques. Nevertheless, the fiber dissection technique is a very relevant and reliable method for neurosurgeons to study the details of brain anatomic features.
METHODS
Twenty previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains were dissected from the lateral surface to the medial surface, using the operating microscope. Each stage of the process is described. The primary dissection tools were handmade, thin, wooden spatulas with tips of various sizes.
RESULTS
We exposed and studied the myelinated fiber bundles of the brain and acquired a comprehensive understanding of their configurations and locations.
CONCLUSION
The complex structures of the brain can be more clearly defined and understood when the fiber dissection technique is used. This knowledge can be incorporated into the preoperative planning process and applied to surgical strategies. Fiber dissection is time-consuming and complex, but it greatly adds to our knowledge of brain anatomic features and thus helps improve the quality of microneurosurgery. Because other anatomic techniques fail to provide a true understanding of the complex internal structures of the brain, the reestablishment of fiber dissection of white matter as a standard study method is recommended.
Topics: Brain; Cadaver; Dissection; Humans
PubMed: 10942015
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200008000-00028